Umgaqo-siseko wokuSebenza weSixhobo se-Spindle-Ukukhulula kunye nokuQinisekisa kwii-CNC Machining Centres
Ubungqina obucacileyo: Eli phepha lichaza ngokubanzi malunga nolwakhiwo olusisiseko kunye nomgaqo-siseko wokusebenza wesixhobo se-spindle sokukhulula kunye ne-clamping kumaziko omatshini we-CNC, kubandakanywa ukubunjwa kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo, inkqubo yokusebenza, kunye neeparitha eziphambili. Ijonge ukuhlalutya nzulu indlela yangaphakathi yalo msebenzi ubalulekileyo, ukubonelela ngeereferensi zethiyori kubasebenzi bezobugcisa abafanelekileyo, bancede baqonde ngcono kwaye bagcine inkqubo ye-spindle yamaziko omatshini e-CNC, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuchaneka kwenkqubo yomatshini.
I. Intshayelelo
Umsebenzi wokukhulula izixhobo zokuphotha kunye nokubambelela kumaziko omatshini sisiseko esibalulekileyo samaziko omatshini e-CNC ukuze afezekise ukwenziwa komatshini. Nangona kukho iiyantlukwano ezithile kubume bayo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza phakathi kweemodeli ezahlukeneyo, isakhelo esisisiseko siyafana. Uphando olunzulu ngomgaqo walo wokusebenza lubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwamaziko omatshini, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho womatshini, kunye nokuphucula ukugcinwa kwezixhobo.
II. Ulwakhiwo olusisiseko
Isixhobo se-spindle sokukhulula kunye ne-clamping mechanism kumaziko omatshini e-CNC ikakhulu iqulathe la macandelo alandelayo:
- Tsala i-Stud: Ifakwe emsileni we-shank ye-tapered yesixhobo, yinto ebalulekileyo yokudibanisa intonga yokutsala ukuqinisa isixhobo. Isebenzisana kunye neebhola zentsimbi entloko yentonga yokutsala ukufezekisa ukuma kunye nokubethelwa kwesixhobo.
- Tsala intonga: Ngokudibana nesixhobo sokutsala ngeebhola zentsimbi, ithumela i-tensile kunye ne-thrust forces ukuze iqonde ukubamba kunye nokukhulula iintshukumo zesixhobo. Ukuhamba kwayo kulawulwa yipiston kunye nemithombo.
- I-Pulley: Ngokuqhelekileyo isebenza njengenxalenye ephakathi yokuhanjiswa kwamandla, kwisixhobo sokuphotha i-spindle-loosening kunye ne-clamping mechanism, inokubandakanyeka kwiikhonkco zokuhambisa eziqhuba ukuhamba kwamacandelo ahambelanayo. Ngokomzekelo, inokuthi idibaniswe ne-hydraulic system okanye ezinye izixhobo zokuqhuba ukuqhuba ukuhamba kwamacandelo afana nepiston.
- I-Belleville Spring: Idityaniswe ngamagqabi amaninzi amagqabi entwasahlobo, licandelo eliphambili lokuvelisa amandla okuxinana kwesixhobo. Amandla ayo alastiki anamandla anokuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo simiselwe ngokuzinzileyo ngaphakathi komngxuma odityanisiweyo we-spindle ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini, iqinisekisa ukuchaneka komatshini.
- I-Lock Nut: Isetyenziselwa ukulungisa amacandelo afana ne-Belleville spring ukuthintela ukuba bangakhululeki ngexesha lenkqubo yokusebenza kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kunye nokuthembeka kwesixhobo sonke sokukhulula kunye ne-clamping mechanism.
- Ukulungelelanisa i-Shim: Ngokugaya i-shim yokulungelelanisa, imeko yoqhagamshelwano phakathi kwentonga yokutsala kunye ne-pull stud ekupheleni kwe-piston ye-stroke inokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo, iqinisekisa ukukhululeka kunye nokuqiniswa kwesixhobo. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuhlengahlengiso oluchanekileyo lwaso sonke isixhobo sokukhulula kunye nendlela yokubambelela.
- I-Coil Spring: Idlala indima kwinkqubo yokukhulula isixhobo kwaye incedisa ukuhamba kwepiston. Umzekelo, xa ipiston ishukuma ezantsi ukutyhala intonga yokutsala ukukhulula isixhobo, intsusa yekhoyili inika amandla athile aneelastiki ukuqinisekisa ukuguda kunye nokuthembeka kwesenzo.
- I-Piston: Licandelo elenza amandla kumatshini wokukhulula kunye nokubambelela. Iqhutywa luxinzelelo lwehydraulic, ihla inyuka, kwaye emva koko iqhube intonga yokutsala ukuqonda ukucinezela kunye nokukhulula iintshukumo zesixhobo. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-stroke kunye ne-thrust lubalulekile kuyo yonke inkqubo yokukhulula isixhobo kunye ne-clamping.
- Umda woTshintsho lwe-9 kunye ne-10: Zisetyenziselwa ngokulandelelana ukuthumela imiqondiso yokudibanisa isixhobo kunye nokukhulula. Le miqondiso ibuyiselwa kwinkqubo ye-CNC ukwenzela ukuba inkqubo ikwazi ukulawula ngokuthe ngqo inkqubo yomatshini, iqinisekise inkqubela-phambili elungelelanisiweyo yenkqubo nganye, kwaye igweme iingozi ze-machining ezibangelwa ukugwetywa kakubi kwemeko ye-clamping yesixhobo.
- I-Pulley: Ngokufana ne-pulley ekhankanywe kwinqaku le-3 ngasentla, ithatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokuhanjiswa kunye kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okuzinzile kunye nokwenza ukuba zonke iinxalenye zesixhobo sokukhulula kunye ne-clamping mechanism isebenze ngokubambisana ngokweprogram enqunywe kwangaphambili.
- I-Cover Cover: Idlala indima yokukhusela kunye nokutywina isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-spindle, ukuthintela ukungcola okufana nothuli kunye neetshiphusi ekungeneni ngaphakathi kwi-spindle kwaye kuchaphazela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwesixhobo sokukhulula kunye ne-clamping mechanism. Kwangaxeshanye, ikwabonelela ngendawo yokusebenza ezinzileyo ngokwentelekiso kumacandelo angaphakathi.
- I-Adjusting Screw: Ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza uhlengahlengiso olufanelekileyo kwizikhundla okanye ukucocwa kwamanye amacandelo ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi ukusebenza kwesixhobo sokukhulula kunye ne-clamping mechanism kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba igcina imo yokusebenza echanekileyo ephezulu ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide.
III. Umgaqo wokuSebenza
(I) Inkqubo yokuBamba izixhobo
Xa isikhungo somatshini sikwimeko eqhelekileyo yomatshini, akukho xinzelelo lweoyile ye-hydraulic kwindawo ephezulu yepiston 8. Ngeli xesha, i-coil spring 7 ikwimeko eyandisiweyo ngokwemvelo, kwaye amandla ayo e-elastic yenza i-piston 8 inyukele phezulu kwindawo ethile. Ngeli xesha, i-Belleville spring 4 nayo idlala indima. Ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezilastiki, i-Belleville spring 4 ityhala intonga yokutsala i-2 ukuya phezulu, ukwenzela ukuba iibhola zentsimbi ezi-4 entloko yentonga yokutsala i-2 zingene kwi-groove ye-annular emsileni wesixhobo se-shank's pull stud 1. Ngokufakela iibhola zentsimbi, i-tensioning force ye-Belleville i-rod translate 1 kwaye idonsa i-stug ye-Belleville kwi-2 ye-stud kwi-2 ye-stud. iibhola zentsimbi, ngokwenza njalo ubambe ngokuqinileyo i-shank yesixhobo kunye nokuqonda ukuma okuchanekileyo kunye nokubambelela ngokuqinileyo kwesixhobo ngaphakathi komngxuma ocoliweyo we-spindle. Le ndlela yokugoba isebenzisa amandla anamandla eelastiki anokubakho entwasahlobo yaseBelleville kwaye inokubonelela ngoxinzelelo olwaneleyo lokuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo asiyi kukhululeka phantsi kwentshukumo yesantya esiphezulu sokujikeleza kunye nemikhosi yokusika, iqinisekisa ukuchaneka komatshini kunye nokuzinza.
(II) Inkqubo yokukhulula isixhobo
Xa kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha isixhobo, inkqubo ye-hydraulic iyasebenza, kwaye ioli ye-hydraulic ingena ekupheleni kwepiston 8, ivelisa i-thrust ephezulu. Ngaphantsi kwesenzo se-hydraulic thrust, i-piston 8 yoyisa amandla e-elastic ye-coil spring 7 kwaye iqala ukuhamba phantsi. Intshukumo ezantsi yepiston 8 ityhala intonga yokutsalela u-2 ukuya ezantsi ngendlela ehambelanayo. Njengoko intonga yokutsalela yesi-2 isiya ezantsi, iibhola zentsimbi ziyakhutshwa kumjelo we-annular osemsileni wesixhobo se-shank's pull stud 1 kwaye zingene kwi-annular groove kwindawo engasentla yomngxuma ongasemva othe chatha we-spindle. Ngeli xesha, iibhola zetsimbi azisekho umphumo wokuthintela kwi-pull stud 1, kwaye isixhobo sikhululiwe. Xa i-manipulator ikhupha i-shank yesixhobo kwi-spindle, umoya ocinezelweyo uya kuvuthela ngaphandle kwimingxuma esembindini yepiston kunye nentonga yokutsala ukucoca ukungcola okufana neetshiphusi kunye nothuli kumngxuma ophothiweyo we-spindle, ulungiselela ukufakela isixhobo esilandelayo.
(III) Indima yoTshintsho loMda
Umda wokutshintsha i-9 kunye ne-10 idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwingxelo yesignali kuyo yonke inkqubo yokukhulula isixhobo kunye ne-clamping. Xa isixhobo sigxininiswe kwindawo, ukutshintshwa kwesikhundla samacandelo afanelekileyo kubangela ukutshintshwa komda we-9, kunye nokunciphisa umda we-9 ngokukhawuleza uthumela isignali yokudibanisa isixhobo kwinkqubo ye-CNC. Emva kokufumana lo mqondiso, inkqubo ye-CNC iqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sikwimeko ezinzileyo yokubambelela kwaye inokuqalisa imisebenzi elandelayo yomatshini, njengokujikeleza kwe-spindle kunye nokutya kwesixhobo. Ngokufanayo, xa isixhobo sokukhulula isenzo sigqityiwe, umda we-switch switch 10 ushukunyiswa, kwaye uthumela isixhobo sokukhulula isignali kwinkqubo ye-CNC. Ngeli xesha, inkqubo ye-CNC inokulawula i-manipulator ukuba iqhube umsebenzi wokutshintsha isixhobo ukuqinisekisa ukuzenzekelayo kunye nokuchaneka kwayo yonke inkqubo yokutshintsha isixhobo.
(IV) IiParameters eziphambili kunye namanqaku oYilo
- I-Tensioning Force: Iziko lomatshini le-CNC lisebenzisa izibini ezingama-34 zizonke (iziqwenga ezingama-68) zemithombo yase-Belleville, enokuvelisa amandla anamandla okuxinana. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, amandla okuxininisa ukuqinisa isixhobo yi-10 kN, kwaye inokufikelela kubuninzi be-13 kN. Uyilo lwamandla oxinzelelo olunjalo lwanele ukujamelana nemikhosi eyahlukeneyo yokusika kunye nemikhosi ye-centrifugal esebenza kwisixhobo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-machining, iqinisekisa ukulungiswa okuzinzileyo kwesixhobo ngaphakathi komngxuma owenziweyo we-spindle, ukuthintela isixhobo ekugxothweni okanye ukuwa ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini, kwaye ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwe-machining kunye nomgangatho ophezulu.
- I-Piston Stroke: Xa utshintsha isixhobo, ukubetha kwepiston 8 yi-12 mm. Ngeli xesha le-12-mm, ukuhamba kwepiston kwahlula ngamanqanaba amabini. Okokuqala, emva kokuba ipiston ihambela phambili malunga ne-4 mm, iqala ukutyhala intonga yokutsala i-2 ukuhamba de iibhola zentsimbi zingene kwi-Φ37-mm annular groove kwindawo ephezulu yomngxuma ophothiweyo we-spindle. Ngeli xesha, isixhobo siqala ukukhulula. Emva koko, intonga yokutsalela iyaqhubeka ukuhla de umphezulu “a” wentonga yokutsala uqhagamshelane nomphezulu wesixhobo sokutsala, ityhala ngokupheleleyo isixhobo kumngxunya ogobileyo we-spindle ukuze isibhengezo sisuse kakuhle isixhobo. Ngokulawula ngokuchanekileyo i-stroke ye-piston, ukukhulula kunye nokubethelwa kwezenzo zesixhobo kunokugqitywa ngokuchanekileyo, ukuphepha iingxaki ezifana nokungonelanga okanye ukubetha ngokugqithiseleyo okungakhokelela ekubambeni okuxekethileyo okanye ukungakwazi ukukhulula isixhobo.
- Uxinzelelo loQhagamshelwano kunye neeMfuno zeMpahla: Ekubeni iibhola ze-4 zetsimbi, umphezulu we-conical we-stud stud, umphezulu we-spindle hole, kunye nemingxuma apho iibhola zentsimbi zikhoyo zithwala uxinzelelo olukhulu loqhagamshelwano ngexesha lenkqubo yokusebenza, iimfuno eziphezulu zibekwe kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye nobunzima bomhlaba bala macandelo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwamandla kwiibhola zetsimbi, imingxuma apho iibhola zetsimbi ezi-4 zikhoyo kufuneka ziqinisekiswe ngokungqongqo ukuba zibe kwindiza efanayo. Ngokwesiqhelo, la macandelo aphambili athatha amandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, kunye nezixhobo zokungagugi kwaye athathe amanyathelo achanekileyo omatshini kunye neenkqubo zonyango lobushushu ukuphucula ubulukhuni bomphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imiphezulu yoqhagamshelwano yamacandelo ahlukeneyo inokugcina imeko elungileyo yokusebenza ngexesha elide kunye nokusetyenziswa rhoqo, ukunciphisa ukunxiba kunye nokuguqulwa, kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yesixhobo sokukhulula kunye nokukhulula isixhobo.
IV. Ukuqukumbela
Ulwakhiwo olusisiseko kunye nomgaqo-siseko wokusebenza wesixhobo se-spindle sokukhulula kunye ne-clamping mechanism kumaziko omatshini e-CNC yenza inkqubo enzima kunye neyinkimbinkimbi. Icandelo ngalinye liyasebenzisana kwaye linxibelelana ngokusondeleyo elinye nelinye. Ngoyilo lomatshini oluchanekileyo kunye nezakhiwo zoomatshini ezikrelekrele, ukubanjwa ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo kunye nokukhulula izixhobo kufezekiswa, kubonelela ngesiqinisekiso esinamandla somatshini osebenzayo kunye noomatshini amaziko omatshini e-CNC. Ukuqonda nzulu umgaqo wayo wokusebenza kunye neengongoma eziphambili zobugcisa kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhokela kuyilo, ukuveliswa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa kwamaziko omatshini e-CNC. Kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo, kunye nenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yetekhnoloji yomatshini ye-CNC, isixhobo sokuphotha kunye nesixhobo sokubambelela siya kuphuculwa ngokuqhubekayo kwaye siphuculwe, sisiya kufikelela ekuchanekeni okuphezulu, isantya esikhawulezayo, kunye nokusebenza okuthembeke ngakumbi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhulayo zeshishini lemveliso ephezulu.