ITekhnoloji yoLawulo lwamanani kunye neZixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC
Iteknoloji yokulawula amanani, efinyeziweyo njenge-NC (uLawulo lwamanani), yindlela yokulawula ukunyakaza komatshini kunye neenkqubo zokucubungula ngoncedo lweenkcukacha zedijithali. Okwangoku, njengoko ulawulo lwamanani lwangoku luqhele ukusebenzisa ulawulo lwekhompyuter, ikwabizwa ngokuba lulawulo lwamanani lwekhompyuter (Ulawulo lwamanani oluseKhompyutheni - CNC).
Ukufezekisa ulawulo lolwazi lwedijithali lokuhamba komatshini kunye neenkqubo zokucubungula, i-hardware ehambelanayo kunye nesofthiwe kufuneka ixhotyiswe. Isixa se-hardware kunye nesoftware esetyenziselwa ukuphumeza ulawulo lolwazi lwedijithali lubizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yolawulo lwamanani (iNkqubo yoLawulo lwamanani), kwaye isiseko senkqubo yolawulo lwamanani sisixhobo sokulawula amanani (uMlawuli wamanani).
Oomatshini abalawulwa bubuchwephesha bolawulo lwamanani babizwa ngokuba yi-CNC machine tools (i-NC machine tools). Le yimveliso eqhelekileyo ye-mechatronic edibanisa ngokubanzi ubuchwephesha obuphambili obufana nobuchwephesha bekhompyuter, itekhnoloji yolawulo oluzenzekelayo, itekhnoloji yokulinganisa echanekileyo, kunye noyilo lwesixhobo somatshini. Lilitye lembombo leteknoloji yokuvelisa yale mihla. Ukulawula izixhobo zoomatshini yeyona ndawo yakuqala kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwitekhnoloji yolawulo lwamanani. Ke ngoko, inqanaba lezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC limele ubukhulu becala ukusebenza, inqanaba, kunye nophuhliso lobuchule bolawulo lwamanani lwangoku.
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, kubandakanywa ukubhola, ukugaya, kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini ezidikayo, izixhobo zomatshini wokuguqula, izixhobo zomatshini wokusila, izixhobo zombane zokukhupha umbane, izixhobo zomatshini wokubumba, izixhobo zomatshini wokucwangcisa i-laser, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ze-CNC ezisetyenziswayo. Nasiphi na isixhobo somatshini esilawulwa ngeteknoloji yolawulo lwamanani sihlelwa njengesixhobo somatshini weNC.
Ezo zixhobo ze-CNC zomatshini ezixhotyiswe nge-automatic tool changer (i-Automatic Tool Changer - ATC), ngaphandle kwee-lathes ze-CNC ezinezixhobo ezijikelezayo, zichazwa njengamaziko omatshini (iZiko loMshini - MC). Ngokutshintshela ngokuzenzekelayo izixhobo, ii-workpieces zinokugqiba iinkqubo ezininzi zokucwangcisa kwi-clamping enye, ukufezekisa ukugxila kweenkqubo kunye nokudityaniswa kweenkqubo. Oku kunciphisa ngokukhawuleza ixesha lokuncedisa kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwesixhobo somatshini. Ngaxeshanye, kunciphisa inani lofakelo lwe-workpiece kunye nokubeka, ukuphucula ukuchaneka kokucubungula. Amaziko omatshini okwangoku aluhlobo lwezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC kunye nemveliso enkulu kunye nesicelo esibanzi.
Ngokusekelwe kwizixhobo zomshini we-CNC, ngokongeza i-multi-worktable (i-pallet) izixhobo zokutshintshiselana ngokuzenzekelayo (i-Auto Pallet Changer - i-APC) kunye nezinye izixhobo ezihambelanayo, iyunithi yokucubungula isiphumo ibizwa ngokuba yiseli yokuvelisa i-flexible (i-Flexible Manufacturing Cell - i-FMC). I-FMC ayiqondi nje ukugxininiswa kweenkqubo kunye nokudityaniswa kweenkqubo kodwa kwakhona, kunye notshintshiselwano oluzenzekelayo lwee-worktables (iipaliti) kunye nemisebenzi yokubeka iliso ezenzekelayo kunye nokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo, inokwenza inkqubo engabhalwanga ixesha elithile, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo. I-FMC ayikho kuphela isiseko senkqubo yokuvelisa i-FMS (i-Flexible Manufacturing System) kodwa ingasetyenziselwa njengesixhobo esizimeleyo sokusebenza. Ngoko ke, isantya sayo sophuhliso sikhawuleza kakhulu.
Ngokwesiseko se-FMC kunye namaziko omatshini, ngokongeza iinkqubo ze-Logistics, iirobhothi zoshishino, kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumene nazo, kwaye zilawulwa kwaye zilawulwa yinkqubo yolawulo oluphakathi ngendlela ephakathi kunye nobunye, inkqubo enjalo yokuvelisa ibizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokuvelisa i-FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System). I-FMS ayinakukwazi ukwenza kuphela inkqubo engabhalwanga ixesha elide kodwa iphinda ifezekise ukusetyenzwa okupheleleyo kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamacandelo kunye nendibano yecandelo, ukufezekisa ukuzenzekelayo kwenkqubo yokuvelisa iworkshop. Yinkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso ephucukileyo.
Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yenzululwazi kunye neteknoloji, ukuze ulungelelanise imeko eguqukayo yemfuno yemarike, kwimveliso yanamhlanje, akukho mfuneko yokukhuthaza ukuzenzekelayo kwenkqubo yokuvelisa i-workshop kodwa kunye nokufezekisa i-automation ebanzi ukusuka kuqikelelo lwemarike, ukwenza izigqibo kwimveliso, ukuyila imveliso, ukuveliswa kwemveliso ukuthengisa imveliso. Imveliso epheleleyo kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa eyenziwe ngokudibanisa ezi mfuno ibizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokuvelisa edibeneyo yekhompyutha (iComputer Integrated Manufacturing System - CIMS). I-CIMS organically idibanisa imveliso ende kunye nomsebenzi wezoshishino, ukuphumeza imveliso enobuchule ngakumbi kwaye eguquguqukayo, emele elona nqanaba liphezulu lophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokuvelisa yanamhlanje. Kwi-CIMS, kungekhona nje ukuhlanganiswa kwezixhobo zokuvelisa, kodwa kubaluleke ngakumbi, ukudibanisa iteknoloji kunye nokudibanisa umsebenzi obonakaliswe ngolwazi. Ikhomputha sisixhobo sokudibanisa, iteknoloji yeyunithi ye-automated unit isiseko sokudibanisa, kunye notshintshiselwano kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi kunye nedatha yibhuloho yokudibanisa. Imveliso yokugqibela inokuthathwa njengokubonakaliswa kwezinto zolwazi kunye nedatha.
Inkqubo yoLawulo lwamanani kunye neMixholo yayo
Amacandelo aSisiseko eNkqubo yoLawulo lwamanani
Inkqubo yolawulo lwamanani yesixhobo somatshini we-CNC ngundoqo wazo zonke izixhobo zokulawula amanani. Eyona nto iphambili yokulawula inkqubo yolawulo lwamanani kukufuduswa kwee-axes ezilungelelanisiweyo (kubandakanywa isantya sokunyakaza, ulwalathiso, isikhundla, njl.), kunye nolwazi lwayo lokulawula ngokuyinhloko luvela kwiinkqubo zokulawula amanani okanye iinkqubo zokulawula ukunyakaza. Ngoko ke, awona macandelo asisiseko enkqubo yolawulo lwamanani kufuneka abandakanye: igalelo/isixhobo semveliso yeprogram, isixhobo solawulo lwamanani, kunye ne-servo drive.
Indima yesixhobo segalelo/imveliso kukufaka kunye nokuphuma kwedatha efana nolawulo lwamanani okanye iinkqubo zolawulo lwentshukumo, ukusetyenzwa nokulawulwa kwedatha, iiparamitha zesixhobo somatshini, ulungelelwaniso lweendawo ze-axis, kunye nobume bokubhaqwa kokutshintsha. Ikhibhodi kunye nomboniso zezona zixhobo zisisiseko zokufaka / imveliso eziyimfuneko kuzo naziphi na izixhobo zokulawula amanani. Ukongeza, ngokuxhomekeke kwisistim yolawulo lwamanani, izixhobo ezifana ne-photoelectric readers, ii-tape drives, okanye ii-floppy disk drives nazo zinokuxhotyiswa. Njengesixhobo seperipheral, ikhompyuter ngoku yenye yezixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zokufaka/imveliso.
Isixhobo sokulawula amanani yinxalenye ephambili yenkqubo yolawulo lwamanani. Ibandakanya igalelo / imveliso yojongano lweesekethe, abalawuli, iiyunithi ze-arithmetic, kunye nememori. Indima yesixhobo solawulo lwamanani kukuqulunqa, ukubala, kunye nokusetyenzwa kwegalelo ledatha ngesixhobo sokufaka ngokusebenzisa isekethe yangaphakathi yengqiqo okanye isoftware yolawulo, kunye nemveliso yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi kunye nemiyalelo yokulawula iindawo ezahlukeneyo zesixhobo somatshini ukwenza iintshukumo ezichaziweyo.
Phakathi kolu lwazi lolawulo kunye nemiyalelo, ezona zisisiseko sisantya sokutya, isalathiso sokutya, kunye nemiyalelo yokufuduswa kwefidi yee-axes ezilungelelanisiweyo. Ziveliswa emva kokubala kwe-interpolation, ezinikezelwe kwi-servo drive, zikhuliswe ngumqhubi, kwaye ekugqibeleni zilawule ukufuduka kwee-axes zokulungelelanisa. Oku kugqiba ngokuthe ngqo i-trajectory yentshukumo yesixhobo okanye i-axes yokulungelelanisa.
Ukongezelela, kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo kunye nezixhobo, umzekelo, kwisixhobo somatshini we-CNC, kunokubakho nemiyalelo efana nesantya sokujikeleza, isalathiso, ukuqala / ukumisa i-spindle; imiyalelo yokukhetha izixhobo kunye notshintshiselwano; imiyalelo yokuqalisa/yokumisa yezixhobo zokupholisa nezokuthambisa; i-workpiece yokukhulula kunye nemiyalelo yokudibanisa; isalathisi setafile yokusebenza kunye neminye imiyalelo encedisayo. Kwinkqubo yolawulo lwamanani, banikezelwa kwisixhobo sokulawula umncedisi wangaphandle ngendlela yeempawu ngokusebenzisa i-interface. Isixhobo solawulo oluncedisayo senza uqulunqo oluyimfuneko kunye nemisebenzi enengqiqo kule miqondiso ingentla, ikhulise, kwaye iqhube ii-activators ezihambelanayo ukuba ziqhube izixhobo zomatshini, i-hydraulic, kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo ze-pneumatic zesixhobo somatshini ukugqiba izenzo ezichazwe yimiyalelo.
I-servo drive idla ngokuquka i-servo amplifiers (eyaziwa ngokuba ngabaqhubi, iiyunithi ze-servo) kunye ne-actuators. Kwizixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, ii-motor ze-AC servo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengee-actuators ngoku; kwizixhobo zoomatshini abakwisantya esiphezulu, iimotor ezinearly ziqalisile ukusetyenziswa. Ukongeza, kwizixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC eziveliswe ngaphambi kweminyaka yoo-1980, kukho iimeko zokusebenzisa iimotor ze-DC servo; kwizixhobo ezilula zoomatshini be-CNC, ii-motor stepper nazo zasetyenziswa njenge actuators. Ifom ye-servo amplifier ixhomekeke kwi-activator kwaye kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokubambisana ne-motor drive.
Ezi zingentla zezona nxalenye zisisiseko zenkqubo yolawulo lwamanani. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji yokulawula amanani kunye nokuphuculwa kwamanqanaba okusebenza kwesixhobo somatshini, iimfuno zokusebenza kwesistim nazo ziyanda. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zolawulo lwezixhobo zoomatshini ezahlukeneyo, qinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokufana kwenkqubo yolawulo lwamanani, kwaye uququzelele ukusetyenziswa komsebenzisi, iinkqubo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zolawulo lwamanani ngokuqhelekileyo zinomlawuli wangaphakathi onokucwangciswa njengesixhobo sokulawula isixhobo somatshini. Ukongeza, kwizixhobo zomatshini wokusika isinyithi, isixhobo sokuqhuba i-spindle sinokuba yinxalenye yenkqubo yokulawula amanani; kwizixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ezivaliweyo, umlinganiselo kunye nezixhobo zokubona nazo ziyimfuneko kwinkqubo yolawulo lwamanani. Kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwamanani oluphambili, ngamanye amaxesha nkqu ikhompyutha isetyenziswa njengojongano lomatshini woluntu wenkqubo kunye nolawulo lwedatha kunye nezixhobo zokufaka/imveliso, ngaloo ndlela yenza imisebenzi yenkqubo yolawulo lwamanani ibe namandla ngakumbi kunye nokusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo.
Ekugqibeleni, ukubunjwa kwenkqubo yolawulo lwamanani kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yokulawula kunye neemfuno ezithile zokulawula izixhobo. Kukho iiyantlukwano ezibalulekileyo kuqwalaselo kunye nokwakheka kwayo. Ukongeza kwizinto ezintathu ezisisiseko zesixhobo sokufaka / imveliso yenkqubo yokucubungula, isixhobo sokulawula amanani, kunye ne-servo drive, kunokubakho izixhobo zokulawula ngakumbi. Inxalenye yebhokisi edayiweyo kuMzobo 1-1 imele inkqubo yolawulo lwamanani ekhompyuter.
IiConcepts zeNC, CNC, SV, kunye nePLC
I-NC (CNC), i-SV, kunye ne-PLC (i-PC, i-PMC) zishunqulelo zesiNgesi ezixhaphake kakhulu kwizixhobo zokulawula amanani kwaye zineentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kwizihlandlo ezahlukeneyo kwizicelo eziphathekayo.
I-NC (CNC): I-NC kunye ne-CNC zizishunqulelo zesiNgesi eziqhelekileyo zoLawulo lwamanani kunye noLawulo lweenombolo zeKhompyutha, ngokulandelanayo. Ngenxa yokuba ulawulo lwamanani lwanamhlanje lonke lwamkela ulawulo lwekhompyuter, kunokuqwalaselwa ukuba iintsingiselo zeNC kunye neCNC ziyafana ngokupheleleyo. Kwizicelo zobunjineli, kuxhomekeke kwithuba lokusetyenziswa, i-NC (CNC) ngokuqhelekileyo ineentsingiselo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo: Kwingqiqo ebanzi, imele iteknoloji yokulawula - iteknoloji yokulawula amanani; ngengqiqo emxinwa, imele iqumrhu lenkqubo yokulawula - inkqubo yokulawula amanani; ukongeza, inokuphinda imele isixhobo esithile sokulawula - isixhobo sokulawula amanani.
SV: SV sisishunqulelo sesiNgesi esiqhelekileyo se-servo drive (Servo Drive, efinyeziweyo njenge-servo). Ngokwemigaqo emiselweyo yomgangatho we-JIS yaseJapan, “yindlela yokulawula ethatha indawo, icala, kunye nemeko yento njengolawulo lwemitha nokulandelela utshintsho olungenasizathu kwixabiso ekujoliswe kulo.” Ngamafutshane, sisixhobo solawulo esinokulandela ngokuzenzekelayo izixa zomzimba ezifana nendawo ekujoliswe kuyo.
Kwizixhobo zomshini we-CNC, indima ye-servo drive ibonakala ngokukodwa kwiinkalo ezimbini: Okokuqala, yenza ukuba i-axes yokulungelelanisa isebenze ngesantya esinikwe isixhobo sokulawula amanani; okwesibini, yenza ukuba ii-axes zolungelelwaniso zibekwe ngokwendawo enikwe sisixhobo solawulo lwamanani.
Izinto zokulawula ze-servo drive zidla ngokufuduka kunye nesantya se-axs yokulungelelanisa isixhobo somatshini; i actuator yi servo motor; inxalenye elawula kwaye ikhulise isignali yomyalelo wegalelo ihlala ibizwa ngokuba yi-servo amplifier (eyaziwa ngokuba ngumqhubi, i-amplifier, iyunithi ye-servo, njl.), eyona nto ingundoqo ye-servo drive.
I-servo drive ayinakusetyenziswa kuphela ngokubambisana nesixhobo solawulo lwamanani kodwa ingasetyenziselwa yodwa njengesithuba (isantya) esikhaphayo. Ke ngoko, ikwabizwa ngokuba yinkqubo ye-servo. Kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwamanani okuqala, indawo yokulawula indawo yayidityaniswe ngokubanzi kunye ne-CNC, kwaye i-servo drive yenza kuphela ulawulo lwesantya. Ngoko ke, i-servo drive yayisoloko ibizwa ngokuba yiyunithi yokulawula isantya.
I-PLC: I-PC sisishunqulelo sesiNgesi soMlawuli oHlelekileyo. Ngokwanda kokuthandwa kweekhompyuter zobuqu, ukunqanda ukubhideka kunye neekhompyuter zobuqu (ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziiPC), abalawuli abanokucwangciswa ngoku babizwa ngokuba ngabalawuli abanengqondo abanokucwangciswa (Programmalbe Logic Controller - PLC) okanye abalawuli boomatshini abanokucwangciswa (Programmable Machine Controller - PMC). Ke ngoko, kwizixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, iPC, i-PLC, kunye ne-PMC zinentsingiselo efanayo.
I-PLC ineenzuzo zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, ukusebenza okuthembekileyo, ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo, ukucwangciswa okulula kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo, kwaye inokuqhuba ngokuthe ngqo esinye isixhobo sombane somatshini. Ngoko ke, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengesixhobo solawulo oluncedisayo kwizixhobo zokulawula amanani. Okwangoku, uninzi lweenkqubo zolawulo lwamanani zinePLC yangaphakathi yokusetyenzwa kwemiyalelo encedisayo yezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, ngaloo ndlela yenza lula kakhulu isixhobo sokulawula esincedisayo somatshini. Ukongezelela, kwiimeko ezininzi, ngeemodyuli ezikhethekileyo ezisebenzayo ezifana nemodyuli yokulawula i-axis kunye nemodyuli yokubeka i-PLC, i-PLC ingasetyenziselwa ngokuthe ngqo ukufezekisa ulawulo lwendawo, ulawulo lomgca, kunye nokulawula i-contour elula, ukwenza izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zomatshini we-CNC okanye imigca yokuvelisa i-CNC.
Ukuqulunqwa kunye noMgaqo-siseko we-CNC Machine Tools
Ubume beSiseko seZixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC
Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zezona zixhobo zolawulo lwamanani eziqhelekileyo. Ukucacisa ukubunjwa okusisiseko kwezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC, okokuqala kuyimfuneko ukuhlalutya inkqubo yokusebenza yezixhobo zomatshini ze-CNC zokucubungula iinxalenye. Kwizixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, ukucubungula iinxalenye, la manyathelo alandelayo anokuphunyezwa:
Ngokwemizobo kunye nezicwangciso zenkqubo yeengxenye eziza kucutshungulwa, kusetyenziswa iikhowudi ezimiselweyo kunye neefomathi zeprogram, bhala i-trajectory yentshukumo yezixhobo, inkqubo yokucubungula, iiparitha zenkqubo, iiparitha zokusika, njl.
Faka inkqubo yokuqhubekeka ebhaliweyo kwisixhobo solawulo lwamanani.
Isixhobo solawulo lwamanani sichaza kwaye siqhube inkqubo yegalelo (ikhowudi) kwaye ithumela imiqondiso yolawulo ehambelanayo kwizixhobo ze-servo drive kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo zokulawula i-axis yokulungelelanisa ukulawula ukuhamba kwecandelo ngalinye lesixhobo somatshini.
Ngethuba lokuhamba, inkqubo yokulawula amanani kufuneka ibone indawo yee-axes ezilungelelanisiweyo zesixhobo somatshini, isimo sokutshintsha ukuhamba, njl njl nangaliphi na ixesha, kwaye uthelekise kunye neemfuno zeprogram ukugqiba isenzo esilandelayo de kuqhutywe iinxalenye ezifanelekileyo.
Umsebenzisi unokuqwalasela kwaye ahlole iimeko zokucubungula kunye nesimo sokusebenza kwesixhobo somatshini nangaliphi na ixesha. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, uhlengahlengiso kwizenzo zesixhobo somatshini kunye neenkqubo zokucubungula nazo ziyafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo kwesixhobo somatshini.
Ingabonwa ukuba njengento esisiseko yokwakheka kwesixhobo somatshini we-CNC, kufuneka ibandakanye: izixhobo zokungenisa/imveliso, izixhobo zolawulo lwamanani, ii-servo drives kunye nezixhobo zokuphendula, izixhobo zokulawula ezincedisayo, kunye nomzimba wesixhobo somatshini.
Ukuqulunqwa kweZixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC
Inkqubo yolawulo lwamanani isetyenziselwa ukufezekisa ulawulo lokusingatha isixhobo somatshini. Okwangoku, uninzi lweenkqubo zolawulo lwamanani zisebenzisa ulawulo lwamanani lwekhompyutha (okt, CNC). Isixhobo segalelo/imveliso, isixhobo solawulo lwamanani, i-servo drive, kunye nesixhobo sempendulo kumzobo kunye senza isixhobo somatshini wokulawula amanani, kwaye indima yayo ichazwe ngasentla. Oku kulandelayo kwazisa ngokufutshane amanye amacandelo.
Isixhobo sempendulo yokulinganisa: Likhonkco lokufumanisa i-loop evaliweyo (i-semi-closed-loop) isixhobo somatshini we-CNC. Indima yayo kukubona isantya kunye nokufuduswa kweyona ndawo yokufuduswa kwe-actuator (efana nomphathi wesixhobo) okanye itheyibhile ngokusebenzisa izinto zokulinganisa zale mihla ezinje nge-pulse encoders, izisombululi, i-synchronizers, igratings, izikali zemagneti, kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa i-laser, kwaye uzondle umva kwisixhobo sokuqhuba i-servo okanye isixhobo sokulawula isantya okanye isixhobo sokulawula amanani kunye nokudibanisa isixhobo sokulawula isantya okanye isixhobo sokulawula amanani. injongo yokuphucula ukuchaneka kwendlela yokunyakaza. Isikhundla sokufakela isixhobo sokufumanisa kunye nendawo apho isignali yokufumanisa inikwa umva ixhomekeke kwisakhiwo senkqubo yokulawula amanani. I-Servo eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi i-pulse encoders, i-tachometers, kunye ne-linear gratings zizinto eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo zokubona.
Ngenxa yokuba ii-servos eziphambili zonke zamkela iteknoloji ye-servo drive yedijithali (ebizwa ngokuba yi-servo yedijithali), ibhasi idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukudibanisa phakathi kwe-servo drive kunye nesixhobo sokulawula amanani; kwiimeko ezininzi, umqondiso wempendulo uqhagamshelwe kwi-servo drive kwaye idluliselwe kwisixhobo solawulo lwamanani ngebhasi. Kuphela kwizihlandlo ezimbalwa okanye xa usebenzisa i-analog servo drives (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-analog servo), ifowuni yempendulo kufuneka idibaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kwisixhobo sokulawula amanani.
Isixhobo solawulo oluncedisayo kunye nendlela yokuhambisa ukutya: Ibekwe phakathi kwesixhobo solawulo lwamanani kunye namalungu omatshini kunye ne-hydraulic yesixhobo somatshini. Indima yayo ephambili kukufumana isantya sokusonta, isalathiso, kunye nokuqalisa/ukumisa imiyalelo ephumayo ngesixhobo solawulo lwamanani; imiyalelo yokukhetha izixhobo kunye notshintshiselwano; imiyalelo yokuqalisa/yokumisa yezixhobo zokupholisa nezokuthambisa; imiqondiso encedisayo yomyalelo efana nokukhulula kunye nokubethelwa kwezinto zokusebenza kunye nezixhobo zesixhobo somatshini, isalathisi setafile yokusebenza, kunye neempawu zesimo sokufumanisa iiswitshi kwisixhobo somatshini. Emva kokuhlanganiswa okuyimfuneko, isigwebo esinengqiqo, kunye nokukhulisa amandla, ii-activators ezihambelanayo ziqhutyelwa ngokuthe ngqo ukuqhuba amacandelo omatshini, i-hydraulic, kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo ze-pneumatic zesixhobo somatshini ukugqiba izenzo ezichazwe yimiyalelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo iqulunqwe yi-PLC kunye nesiphaluka esinamandla solawulo lwangoku. I-PLC inokudibaniswa ne-CNC kwisakhiwo (i-PLC eyakhelwe ngaphakathi) okanye ngokuzimeleyo (i-PLC yangaphandle).
Umzimba wesixhobo somatshini, oko kukuthi, ukwakheka komatshini wesixhobo somatshini we-CNC, ikwaqulunqwe ziinkqubo eziphambili zokuqhuba, iisistim zokuqhuba ukutya, iibhedi, iitafile zokusebenzela, izixhobo ezincedisayo, izixhobo zokuhambisa amanzi kunye ne-pneumatic, iinkqubo zokuthambisa, izixhobo zokupholisa, ukususwa kwetshiphu, iinkqubo zokukhusela, kunye nezinye iindawo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zolawulo lwamanani kunye nokunika umdlalo ogcweleyo ekusebenzeni kwesixhobo somatshini, kuye kwatshintsha kakhulu ngokumalunga nokwakheka ngokubanzi, ukuyila imbonakalo, ulwakhiwo lwenkqubo yokuhambisa, inkqubo yesixhobo, kunye nokusebenza okusebenzayo. Amacandelo omatshini wesixhobo somatshini abandakanya ibhedi, ibhokisi, ikholamu, isikhokelo sikaloliwe, i-worktable, i-spindle, indlela yokutya, indlela yokutshintshiselana ngesixhobo, njl.
Umgaqo-siseko we-CNC Machining
Kwizixhobo zemveli zomatshini wokusika isinyithi, xa kucutshungulwa iinxalenye, umqhubi kufuneka atshintshe ngokuqhubekayo iiparitha ezifana nesantya sokuhamba kunye nesantya sokuhamba kwesixhobo ngokweemfuno zomzobo, ukwenzela ukuba isixhobo senza ukucutshungulwa kokusika kwi-workpiece kwaye ekugqibeleni siqhube iindawo ezifanelekileyo.
Ukusetyenzwa kwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC kusetyenziswa umgaqo "owohlukileyo". Umgaqo wayo wokusebenza kunye nenkqubo inokuchazwa ngokufutshane ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ngokomgaqo wesixhobo esifunwa yiprogram yokucubungula, idivaysi yokulawula amanani iyahlula i-trajectory kunye nee-axes zokulungelelanisa ezihambelanayo zesixhobo somatshini kunye nenani elincinci lokuhamba (i-pulse elingana) (△X, △Y kuMfanekiso 1-2) kwaye ibala inani lee-pulses ukuba i-axis yokulungelelanisa nganye kufuneka ihambe.
Ngokusebenzisa i-software "i-interpolation" okanye i-calculator ye-"interpolation" yesixhobo sokulawula amanani, i-trajectory efunekayo ifakwe i-polyline elinganayo kwiiyunithi ze "minimum movement unit" kunye ne-polyline edibeneyo esondeleyo kwi-trajectory yethiyori ifunyenwe.
Ngokutsho kwe-trajectory ye-polyline edibeneyo, isixhobo sokulawula amanani ngokuqhubekayo sinikezela i-pulses feed kwii-axes zokulungelelanisa ezihambelanayo kwaye zenza ukuba ii-axes ezilungelelanisiweyo zesixhobo somatshini zihambe ngokwee-pulses ezabiweyo nge-servo drive.
Ingabonwa ukuba: Okokuqala, ngokude nje inani elincinci lokuhamba (i-pulse elingana) yesixhobo somatshini we-CNC sincinci ngokwaneleyo, i-polyline edibeneyo esetyenzisiweyo inokutshintshwa ngokulinganayo kwi-curve ye-theory. Okwesibini, ngokude nje indlela yokwabiwa kwe-pulse ye-axes yokulungelelanisa itshintshile, imilo yepolyline edibeneyo ingatshintshwa, ngaloo ndlela ifezekise injongo yokutshintsha i-processory trajectory. Okwesithathu, okoko nje amaxesha amaninzi…