"IiMfuno kunye neMiqathango yokuSebenzisa kwiNdlela yoThutho lokuTyelwa kweZixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC"
Kwimveliso yanamhlanje, izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ziye zaba zizixhobo eziphambili zokulungisa ngenxa yeenzuzo zazo ezifana nokuchaneka okuphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo. Inkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwesondlo yezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ihlala isebenza kunye nenkqubo yokutya ye-servo, edlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ngokwemiyalezo yomyalelo egqithiswe kwinkqubo ye-CNC, ikhulisa kwaye ilawule intshukumo yamacandelo asebenzayo. Akufuneki kuphela ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo isantya sentshukumo yokutya kodwa kwakhona ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo indawo ehambayo kunye ne-trajectory yesixhobo esinxulumene nomsebenzi.
Inkqubo yokutya elawulwayo evaliweyo yesixhobo somatshini we-CNC ikakhulu iqulunqwe ngamalungu aliqela afana nothelekiso lwendawo, amacandelo okukhulisa, iiyunithi zokuqhuba, iindlela zokuhambisa ifidi ngoomatshini, kunye neempawu zokubhaqwa kwengxelo. Phakathi kwabo, indlela yokuhambisa isondlo ngoomatshini yiyo yonke ikhonkco lothumelo lomatshini eliguqula intshukumo ejikelezayo ye-servo motor ibe yintshukumo yokutya enomda wetafile yokusebenza kunye nomphathi wesixhobo, kubandakanya izixhobo zokunciphisa, i-lead screw kunye neeperi zamantongomane, izixhobo zesikhokelo kunye neendawo zazo ezixhasayo. Njengekhonkco elibalulekileyo kwinkqubo ye-servo, indlela yokutya yezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ayifanele ibe nokuchaneka kokubeka okuphezulu kodwa ibe neempawu ezintle zokuphendula. Impendulo yesistim ekulandeleni imiqondiso yomyalelo kufuneka ikhawuleze kwaye uzinzo lube luhle.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kothumelo, uzinzo lwenkqubo, kunye neempawu zokuphendula eziguqukayo zenkqubo yokutya yamaziko omatshini athe nkqo, uluhlu lweemfuno ezingqongqo zibekwe phambili kwindlela yokutya:
I. Imfuneko akukho msantsa
Umsantsa wothumelo uya kukhokelela ekubuyiseleni umva impazamo yendawo efileyo kwaye kuchaphazele ukuchaneka kokusetyenzwa. Ukuphelisa umsantsa wothumelo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, iindlela ezinjengokusebenzisa ishafti yonxibelelaniso enokupheliswa komsantsa kunye neeperi zothumelo ngamanyathelo okuphelisa umsantsa zingamkelwa. Umzekelo, kwi-lead screw kunye ne-nut pair, indlela yokulayishwa kwangaphambili kwe-nut-nut ingasetyenziselwa ukuphelisa i-gap ngokulungelelanisa indawo ehambelanayo phakathi kwamantongomane amabini. Kwangaxeshanye, kumacandelo afana nokuhanjiswa kwegiya, iindlela ezinjengokuhlengahlengisa iishim okanye izinto ezilastiki nazo zingasetyenziselwa ukuphelisa umsantsa ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokuhanjiswa.
Umsantsa wothumelo uya kukhokelela ekubuyiseleni umva impazamo yendawo efileyo kwaye kuchaphazele ukuchaneka kokusetyenzwa. Ukuphelisa umsantsa wothumelo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, iindlela ezinjengokusebenzisa ishafti yonxibelelaniso enokupheliswa komsantsa kunye neeperi zothumelo ngamanyathelo okuphelisa umsantsa zingamkelwa. Umzekelo, kwi-lead screw kunye ne-nut pair, indlela yokulayishwa kwangaphambili kwe-nut-nut ingasetyenziselwa ukuphelisa i-gap ngokulungelelanisa indawo ehambelanayo phakathi kwamantongomane amabini. Kwangaxeshanye, kumacandelo afana nokuhanjiswa kwegiya, iindlela ezinjengokuhlengahlengisa iishim okanye izinto ezilastiki nazo zingasetyenziselwa ukuphelisa umsantsa ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokuhanjiswa.
II. Imfuneko yokukhuhlana okuphantsi
Ukwamkela indlela yokuhambisa i-low-friction transmission inokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhanjiswa, kunye nokunceda ukuphucula isantya sokuphendula kunye nokuchaneka kwenkqubo. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuhanjiswa kwe-low-friction ziquka izikhokelo ze-hydrostatic, izikhokelo zokuqengqeleka, kunye nezikrufu zebhola.
Ukwamkela indlela yokuhambisa i-low-friction transmission inokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhanjiswa, kunye nokunceda ukuphucula isantya sokuphendula kunye nokuchaneka kwenkqubo. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuhanjiswa kwe-low-friction ziquka izikhokelo ze-hydrostatic, izikhokelo zokuqengqeleka, kunye nezikrufu zebhola.
Izikhokelo ze-Hydrostatic zenza umaleko wefilimu yeoli yoxinzelelo phakathi kwemigangatho yesikhokelo ukufezekisa ukutyibilika okungadibanisiyo kunye nokukhuhlana okuncinci kakhulu. Izikhokelo zokuqengqeleka zisebenzisa ukuqengqeleka kwezinto eziqengqelekayo kwiindlela zomzila wesikhokelo ukubuyisela ukutyibilika, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukungqubana. Izikrufu zebhola zizinto ezibalulekileyo eziguqula intshukumo ejikelezayo ibe yintshukumo yomgca. Iibhola ziqengqeleka phakathi kwe-screw ekhokelayo kunye ne-nut ene-coefficient ephantsi ye-friction kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuhanjiswa. Ezi zixhobo zokuhanjiswa kwe-friction ephantsi zinokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukuchasana kwendlela yokutya ngexesha lokunyakaza kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo.
III. Imfuneko ye-inertia ephantsi
Ukuphucula isisombululo sesixhobo somatshini kunye nokwenza i-worktable ikhawulezise kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukufezekisa injongo yokulandelela imiyalelo, umzuzu we-inertia oguqulelwe kwi-drive shaft yinkqubo kufuneka ibe yincinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Le mfuno inokufezekiswa ngokukhetha umlinganiselo wothumelo oluphezulu. Ukukhetha ngokufanelekileyo umlinganiselo wothumelo kunokunciphisa umzuzu we-inetia yenkqubo ngelixa uhlangabezana neemfuno zesantya sokuhamba esisebenzayo kunye nokukhawuleza. Umzekelo, xa uyila isixhobo sokunciphisa, ngokweemfuno zokwenyani, umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wegiya okanye umlinganiselo webhanti wepulley unokukhethwa ukuze utshatise isantya sokuphuma kwemoto ye-servo kunye nesantya sokuhamba setafile yokusebenza kunye nokunciphisa umzuzu we-inertia ngaxeshanye.
Ukuphucula isisombululo sesixhobo somatshini kunye nokwenza i-worktable ikhawulezise kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukufezekisa injongo yokulandelela imiyalelo, umzuzu we-inertia oguqulelwe kwi-drive shaft yinkqubo kufuneka ibe yincinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Le mfuno inokufezekiswa ngokukhetha umlinganiselo wothumelo oluphezulu. Ukukhetha ngokufanelekileyo umlinganiselo wothumelo kunokunciphisa umzuzu we-inetia yenkqubo ngelixa uhlangabezana neemfuno zesantya sokuhamba esisebenzayo kunye nokukhawuleza. Umzekelo, xa uyila isixhobo sokunciphisa, ngokweemfuno zokwenyani, umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wegiya okanye umlinganiselo webhanti wepulley unokukhethwa ukuze utshatise isantya sokuphuma kwemoto ye-servo kunye nesantya sokuhamba setafile yokusebenza kunye nokunciphisa umzuzu we-inertia ngaxeshanye.
Ukongeza, ingqikelelo yoyilo olukhaphukhaphu inokwamkelwa, kwaye izinto ezinobunzima obulula zinokukhethwa ukwenza izinto zokuhambisa. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhaphukhaphu ezifana ne-aluminium alloy ukwenza isikrufu sokukhokela kunye neeperi zamantongomane kunye nezixhobo zesikhokelo kunokunciphisa inertia iyonke yenkqubo.
IV. Imfuneko yokuqina okuphezulu
Inkqubo yokudlulisa ukuqina okuphezulu kunokuqinisekisa ukuchasana nokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle ngexesha lenkqubo yokucubungula kunye nokugcina ukuchaneka okuzinzile. Ukuphucula ukuqina kwenkqubo yothumelo, la manyathelo alandelayo anokuthathwa:
Ukunciphisa ikhonkco lokuhambisa: Ukunciphisa amakhonkco okuhambisa kunokunciphisa ukuguqulwa kwe-elastic yenkqubo kunye nokuphucula ukuqina. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa indlela yokuqhuba ngokuthe ngqo isikrufu sokukhokela ngemoto kugcina amakhonkco othumelo aphakathi, kunciphisa iimpazamo zothumelo kunye ne-elastic deformation, kunye nokuphucula ukuqina kwenkqubo.
Ukuphucula ukuqina kwenkqubo yokuhambisa ngokulayishwa kwangaphambili: Izikhokelo zokuqengqeleka kunye neeperile ze-screw zebhola, indlela yokulayishwa kwangaphambili ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ukulayisha kwangaphambili phakathi kwezinto ezijikelezayo kunye neentsimbi zesikhokelo okanye izikrufu zokukhokela ukuphucula ukuqina kwenkqubo. Inkxaso ye-screw ekhokelayo yenzelwe ukulungiswa kuzo zombini iziphelo kwaye ingaba nesakhiwo esalulwe ngaphambili. Ngokusebenzisa i-pre-tension yangaphambili kwi-screw ekhokelayo, i-axial force ngexesha lokusebenza inokuchaswa kwaye ukuqina kwe-screw lead kunokuphuculwa.
Inkqubo yokudlulisa ukuqina okuphezulu kunokuqinisekisa ukuchasana nokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle ngexesha lenkqubo yokucubungula kunye nokugcina ukuchaneka okuzinzile. Ukuphucula ukuqina kwenkqubo yothumelo, la manyathelo alandelayo anokuthathwa:
Ukunciphisa ikhonkco lokuhambisa: Ukunciphisa amakhonkco okuhambisa kunokunciphisa ukuguqulwa kwe-elastic yenkqubo kunye nokuphucula ukuqina. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa indlela yokuqhuba ngokuthe ngqo isikrufu sokukhokela ngemoto kugcina amakhonkco othumelo aphakathi, kunciphisa iimpazamo zothumelo kunye ne-elastic deformation, kunye nokuphucula ukuqina kwenkqubo.
Ukuphucula ukuqina kwenkqubo yokuhambisa ngokulayishwa kwangaphambili: Izikhokelo zokuqengqeleka kunye neeperile ze-screw zebhola, indlela yokulayishwa kwangaphambili ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ukulayisha kwangaphambili phakathi kwezinto ezijikelezayo kunye neentsimbi zesikhokelo okanye izikrufu zokukhokela ukuphucula ukuqina kwenkqubo. Inkxaso ye-screw ekhokelayo yenzelwe ukulungiswa kuzo zombini iziphelo kwaye ingaba nesakhiwo esalulwe ngaphambili. Ngokusebenzisa i-pre-tension yangaphambili kwi-screw ekhokelayo, i-axial force ngexesha lokusebenza inokuchaswa kwaye ukuqina kwe-screw lead kunokuphuculwa.
V. Imfuneko yefrikhwensi yeresonant ephezulu
I-resonant frequency ephezulu ithetha ukuba inkqubo inokubuyela ngokukhawuleza kwisimo esizinzileyo xa iphantsi kokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle kwaye inokumelana nokungcangcazela okulungileyo. Ukuphucula i-resonant frequency yenkqubo, le miba ilandelayo inokuqaliswa:
Yandisa uyilo lolwakhiwo lwamacandelo othumelo: Yila ngokufanelekileyo imilo kunye nobukhulu bamalungu othumelo anjengezikrufu zelothe kunye neentsimbi zesikhokelo ukuphucula amaza azo endalo. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa isikrufu sokukhokela esingenanto kunokunciphisa ubunzima kunye nokuphucula ukujikeleza kwendalo.
Khetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo: Khetha izixhobo ezinemodyuli ephezulu yeelastiki kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi, njenge-titanium alloy, njl., ezinokuphucula ukuqina kunye nokuphindaphinda kwendalo kwamacandelo othumelo.
Ukwandisa ukuthomalalisa: Ukunyuka okufanelekileyo kokumanzisa kwinkqubo kunokusebenzisa amandla okungcangcazela, ukunciphisa incopho ye-resonant, kunye nokuphucula ukuzinza kwenkqubo. Ukuchithwa kwenkqubo kunokunyuswa ngokusebenzisa izinto zokuthambisa kunye nokufaka ii-dampers.
I-resonant frequency ephezulu ithetha ukuba inkqubo inokubuyela ngokukhawuleza kwisimo esizinzileyo xa iphantsi kokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle kwaye inokumelana nokungcangcazela okulungileyo. Ukuphucula i-resonant frequency yenkqubo, le miba ilandelayo inokuqaliswa:
Yandisa uyilo lolwakhiwo lwamacandelo othumelo: Yila ngokufanelekileyo imilo kunye nobukhulu bamalungu othumelo anjengezikrufu zelothe kunye neentsimbi zesikhokelo ukuphucula amaza azo endalo. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa isikrufu sokukhokela esingenanto kunokunciphisa ubunzima kunye nokuphucula ukujikeleza kwendalo.
Khetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo: Khetha izixhobo ezinemodyuli ephezulu yeelastiki kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi, njenge-titanium alloy, njl., ezinokuphucula ukuqina kunye nokuphindaphinda kwendalo kwamacandelo othumelo.
Ukwandisa ukuthomalalisa: Ukunyuka okufanelekileyo kokumanzisa kwinkqubo kunokusebenzisa amandla okungcangcazela, ukunciphisa incopho ye-resonant, kunye nokuphucula ukuzinza kwenkqubo. Ukuchithwa kwenkqubo kunokunyuswa ngokusebenzisa izinto zokuthambisa kunye nokufaka ii-dampers.
VI. Imfuneko yomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokumanzisa
Umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokudambisa unokwenza inkqubo izinze ngokukhawuleza emva kokuphazamiseka ngaphandle kokuthotywa okugqithisileyo kokungcangcazela. Ukufumana umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokudambisa, ukulawulwa komlinganiselo wokudambisa kunokufezekiswa ngokulungelelanisa iiparitha zenkqubo ezifana neeparitha ze-damper kunye ne-friction coefficient ye-transmission components.
Umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokudambisa unokwenza inkqubo izinze ngokukhawuleza emva kokuphazamiseka ngaphandle kokuthotywa okugqithisileyo kokungcangcazela. Ukufumana umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokudambisa, ukulawulwa komlinganiselo wokudambisa kunokufezekiswa ngokulungelelanisa iiparitha zenkqubo ezifana neeparitha ze-damper kunye ne-friction coefficient ye-transmission components.
Isishwankathelo, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC kwiindlela zokuhambisa ukondla, uthotho lwamanyathelo okuphucula kufuneka luthathwe. La manyathelo awakwazi nje ukuphucula ukuchaneka kokulungiswa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo zoomatshini kodwa nokunyusa ukuzinza kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo zoomatshini, ukubonelela ngenkxaso eqinile yokuphuhliswa kokuveliswa kwanamhlanje.
Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, kukwafuneka ukuba kuqwalaselwe ngokubanzi imiba eyahlukeneyo ngokweemfuno ezithile zokusetyenzwa kunye neempawu zesixhobo somatshini kwaye ukhethe eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokuhambisa isondlo kunye nemilinganiselo yokwandisa. Kwangaxeshanye, kunye nenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe, izinto ezintsha, itekhnoloji, kunye neekhonsepthi zoyilo zihlala zivela, nto leyo ekwabonelela ngendawo ebanzi yokuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kweendlela zokuhambisa ukutya kwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC. Kwixesha elizayo, indlela yokuhanjiswa kwesondlo sezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC iya kuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa kwicala lokuchaneka okuphezulu, isantya esiphezulu, kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu.