Umgaqo kunye namaNyathelo oTshintsho lweSixhobo oluzenzekelayo kumaZiko oMatshini we-CNC
I-Abstract: Eli phepha lichaza ngokubanzi ngokubaluleka kwesixhobo sokutshintsha isixhobo esizenzekelayo kumaziko omatshini we-CNC, umgaqo wokutshintsha isixhobo esizenzekelayo, kunye namanyathelo athile, kubandakanywa nemiba efana nokulayishwa kwesixhobo, ukukhethwa kwesixhobo, kunye nokutshintsha isixhobo. Ijonge ukuhlalutya nzulu itekhnoloji yokutshintsha isixhobo esizenzekelayo, ukubonelela ngenkxaso yethiyori kunye nesikhokelo esisebenzayo sokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuchaneka kwamaziko omatshini e-CNC, ukunceda abaqhubi baqonde ngcono kwaye balawule obu buchwepheshe buphambili, kwaye emva koko kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso.
I. Intshayelelo
Njengezixhobo eziphambili kwimveliso yanamhlanje, amaziko omatshini e-CNC adlala indima ebalulekileyo ngezixhobo zabo zokutshintsha izixhobo ezizenzekelayo, izixhobo zokusika izixhobo, kunye nezixhobo zokutshintsha ipalethi. Ukusetyenziswa kwezi zixhobo kwenza amaziko omatshini agqibezele ukusetyenzwa kwamacandelo amaninzi awohlukeneyo omsebenzi emva kofakelo olunye, ukunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokuphumla okungenasiphako, kucuthwe ngokufanelekileyo umjikelo wokwenziwa kwemveliso, kunye nokuba nokubaluleka okubalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukuchaneka kokulungiswa kweemveliso. Njengenxalenye engundoqo phakathi kwabo, ukusebenza kwesixhobo sokutshintsha isixhobo esizenzekelayo sihambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwinqanaba lokuqhuba kakuhle. Ngoko ke, uphando olunzulu ngomgaqo walo kunye namanyathelo anexabiso elisebenzayo elibalulekileyo.
II. Umgaqo-siseko woTshintsho lweSixhobo esiSebenzayo kwii-CNC Machining Centres
(I) Inkqubo esisiseko yoTshintsho lweSixhobo
Nangona kukho iindidi ngeendidi zeemagazini zesixhobo kumaziko omatshini e-CNC, afana neemagazini zesixhobo sohlobo lwe-disc kunye neemagazini zesixhobo sohlobo lwekhonkco, inkqubo esisiseko yokutshintsha isixhobo iyahambelana. Xa isixhobo sokutshintsha isixhobo esizenzekelayo sifumana umyalelo wokutshintsha isixhobo, inkqubo yonke iqalisa ngokukhawuleza inkqubo yokutshintsha isixhobo. Okokuqala, i-spindle iya kuyeka ngokukhawuleza ukujikeleza kwaye imise ngokuchanekileyo kwindawo yokutshintsha isixhobo esisetyenzisiweyo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokubeka echanekileyo ephezulu. Emva koko, isixhobo sokukhulula isixhobo siyasebenza ukwenza isixhobo esikwi-spindle sibe kwimeko enokutshintshwa. Ngeli xesha, ngokwemiyalelo yenkqubo yolawulo, imagazini isixhobo iqhuba izixhobo zothumelo oluhambelanayo ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo ukuhambisa isixhobo esitsha kwindawo yokutshintsha isixhobo kwaye yenze isixhobo sokungafihli. Emva koko, i-manipulator yengalo ephindwe kabini yenza ngokukhawuleza ukubamba ngokuchanekileyo izixhobo ezitsha nezidala ngexesha elinye. Emva kokuba itheyibhile yokutshintshiselana ngesixhobo ijikeleze kwindawo echanekileyo, i-manipulator ifaka isixhobo esitsha kwi-spindle kwaye ibeka isixhobo esidala kwindawo engenanto yemagazini yesixhobo. Ekugqibeleni, i-spindle yenza i-clamping action ukuze ibambe ngokuqinileyo isixhobo esitsha kwaye ibuyele kwindawo yokuqala yokucubungula phantsi kwemiyalelo yenkqubo yokulawula, ngaloo ndlela igqibe yonke inkqubo yokutshintsha isixhobo.
(II) Uhlalutyo lweNyulo yeSixhobo
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshintsha isixhobo kwiziko lomatshini, ukuhamba kwesixhobo kubandakanya iinxalenye ezine eziphambili:
- Isixhobo Simisa nge-Spindle kwaye siHamba kwiSixhobo soTshintsho lweSixhobo: Le nkqubo idinga ukuba i-spindle iyeke ukujikeleza ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo kwaye ihambe kwindawo ethile yokutshintsha isixhobo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ehambayo yee-axes zokulungelelanisa isixhobo somatshini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le ntshukumo iphunyezwa yindlela yokuhambisa efana ne-screw-nut pair eqhutywa yi-motor ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchaneka kokumisa kwe-spindle kuyahlangabezana neemfuno zokucubungula.
- Ukuhamba kweSixhobo kwiMagazini yeSixhobo: Indlela yokunyakaza yesixhobo kwimagazini yesixhobo ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwemagazini yesixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, kwimagazini yesixhobo sohlobo lwekhonkco, isixhobo sihamba kwindawo echaziweyo kunye nokujikeleza kwekhonkco. Le nkqubo ifuna i-motor yokuqhuba imagazini yesixhobo ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo i-engile yokujikeleza kunye nesantya setsheyini ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sinokufikelela kwindawo yokutshintsha isixhobo ngokuchanekileyo. Kwimagazini yesixhobo sohlobo lwe-disc, ukubekwa kwesixhobo kufezekiswa ngendlela ejikelezayo yemagazini yesixhobo.
- UkuTshintshela kweSixhobo ngeSixhobo soTshintsho lweManipulator: Ukuhamba kwesixhobo sokutshintsha i-manipulator kunzima kakhulu njengoko kufuneka kufezekiswe zombini ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kunye nomgca. Ngexesha lokubamba isixhobo kunye nenqanaba lokukhutshwa kwesixhobo, i-manipulator kufuneka isondele kwaye ishiye isixhobo ngokusebenzisa intshukumo echanekileyo yomgca. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kuphunyezwa yi-rack kunye ne-pinion mechanism eqhutywa yi-cylinder ye-hydraulic okanye i-cylinder yomoya, ethi emva koko iqhube ingalo yomatshini ukufezekisa intshukumo yomgca. Ngethuba lokurhoxiswa kwesixhobo kunye nezigaba zokufakwa kwesixhobo, ngaphezu kokunyakaza komgca, i-manipulator nayo ifuna ukwenza i-angle ethile yokujikeleza ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sinokurhoxiswa kakuhle kwaye sifakwe kwi-spindle okanye kwimagazini yesixhobo. Le ntshukumo ejikelezayo ifezekiswa ngokusebenzisana phakathi kwengalo yomatshini kunye ne-gear shaft, ebandakanya ukuguqulwa kweebini ze-kinematic.
- Ukuhamba kweSixhobo sokuBuyela kwiNdawo yokuLungisa kunye ne-主轴: Emva kokuba utshintsho lwesixhobo lugqityiwe, i-spindle kufuneka ibuyele ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yokuqala kunye nesixhobo esitsha sokuqhubeka nokusebenza okulandelayo. Le nkqubo ifana nokuhamba kwesixhobo esihamba kwindawo yokutshintsha isixhobo kodwa kwelinye icala. Kwakhona kufuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu okuphezulu kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla ngexesha lokucubungula kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
III. Amanyathelo oTshintsho lweSixhobo esiSebenzayo kwiCNC Machining Centres
(I) Tool Loading
- Indlela yokuLayisha iSixhobo esingaqhelekanga
Le ndlela yokulayisha isixhobo inokuguquguquka okuphezulu. Abaqhubi banokubeka izixhobo nakwesiphi na isixhobo kwimagazini yesixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba emva kokuba ukufakwa kwesixhobo kugqityiwe, inombolo yomnini wesixhobo apho isixhobo sikhoyo kufuneka sibhalwe ngokuchanekileyo ukwenzela ukuba inkqubo yokulawula ikwazi ukufumana ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ibize isixhobo ngokwemiyalelo yeprogram kwinkqubo yokucubungula elandelayo. Umzekelo, kwezinye iinkqubo zokubumba ezintsonkothileyo, izixhobo zinokufuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo ngokweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa. Kule meko, indlela yokulayisha i-random umnikazi wesixhobo inokucwangcisa ngokufanelekileyo izikhundla zokugcina izixhobo ngokwemeko yangempela kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwesixhobo. - Indlela yokuLayisha iSixhobo esisisigxina
Ngokwahlukileyo kwindlela yokulayisha i-random umnikazi wesixhobo, indlela yokulayisha isixhobo esisigxina ifuna ukuba izixhobo kufuneka zibekwe kubaphathi bezixhobo ezithile ezicwangcisiweyo. Inzuzo yale ndlela kukuba izikhundla zokugcina izixhobo zigxininiswe, ezilungele ukuba abaqhubi bakhumbule kwaye balawule, kwaye kuququzelele ukumisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokubiza izixhobo ngenkqubo yokulawula. Kweminye imisebenzi yokuvelisa i-batch, ukuba inkqubo yokucubungula igxininisekile, ukwamkela indlela yokulayisha isixhobo esisisigxina kunokuphucula ukuzinza kunye nokuthembeka kokucubungula kunye nokunciphisa iingozi zokucubungula ezibangelwa izikhundla zokugcina izixhobo ezingalunganga.
(II) Ukukhethwa kwesixhobo
Ukukhetha isixhobo sisikhonkco esiphambili kwinkqubo yokutshintsha isixhobo esizenzekelayo, kwaye injongo yayo kukukhawuleza kwaye ukhethe ngokuchanekileyo isixhobo esichaziweyo kwimagazini yesixhobo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa. Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zokukhetha izixhobo:
- UKhetho lweSixhobo esilandelelanayo
Indlela yokukhethwa kwesixhobo esilandelelanayo ifuna ukuba abaqhubi babeke izixhobo kubaphathi besixhobo ngokuhambelana ngokungqongqo nokulandelelana kwenkqubo yezobuchwepheshe xa belayisha izixhobo. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokucubungula, inkqubo yokulawula iya kuthatha izixhobo nganye nganye ngokulandelelana kokubekwa kwezixhobo kwaye uzibuyisele kubaphathi besixhobo sokuqala emva kokusetyenziswa. Inzuzo yale ndlela yokukhethwa kwesixhobo kukuba kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi, kwaye ifanelekile kwimisebenzi ethile yokucubungula kunye neenkqubo zokucubungula ezilula kunye nokulandelelana kokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, ekuqhutyweni kwezinye iindawo ezilula ze-shaft, kuphela izixhobo ezimbalwa ngokulandelelana okusisigxina kunokufuneka. Kule meko, indlela yokukhethwa kwesixhobo esilandelelanayo inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokucubungula kwaye inokunciphisa iindleko kunye nobunzima bezixhobo. - UKhetho lwesiXhobo esingesihle
- UKhetho lwesiXhobo soMphathi weKhowudi
Le ndlela yokukhethwa kwesixhobo ibandakanya ukukhowuda umnini wesixhobo ngasinye kwimagazini yesixhobo kwaye emva koko ibeke izixhobo ezihambelana neekhowudi zomphathi wesixhobo kubaphathi besixhobo abachaziweyo nganye nganye. Xa inkqubo, abaqhubi basebenzisa idilesi T ukucacisa ikhowudi yomphathi wesixhobo apho isixhobo sikhoyo. Inkqubo yolawulo iqhuba imagazini isixhobo ukuhambisa isixhobo esihambelanayo kwindawo yokutshintsha isixhobo ngokwalo lwazi lwekhowudi. I-advanteji yesixhobo somphathi wekhowudi yokukhetha isixhobo kukuba ukhetho lwesixhobo lubhetyebhetye ngakumbi kwaye lunokuziqhelanisa neminye imisebenzi yokucubungula eneenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokusetyenzwa kunye nolandelelwano losetyenziso olungalungiswanga. Umzekelo, ekusetyenzweni kwezinye iindawo ezintsonkothileyo zenqwelomoya, izixhobo zinokufuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo ngokweenxalenye ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa kunye neemfuno zenkqubo, kwaye ulandelelwano lokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo alulungiswanga. Kule meko, indlela yokukhetha isixhobo somphathi wekhowudi inokuqonda ngokulula ukhetho olukhawulezayo kunye nokutshintshwa kwezixhobo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. - UKhetho lweSixhobo seMemori yeKhompyutha
Ukukhetha isixhobo sememori yekhompyuter yindlela ephambili kwaye ekrelekrele yokukhetha isixhobo. Ngaphantsi kwale ndlela, iinombolo zesixhobo kunye neendawo zabo zokugcina okanye amanani omphathi wesixhobo zikhunjulwe ngokuhambelanayo kwimemori yekhompyuter okanye inkumbulo yomlawuli wengqiqo ecwangcisiweyo. Xa kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha izixhobo ngexesha lenkqubo yokucubungula, inkqubo yokulawula iya kufumana ngokuthe ngqo ulwazi lwendawo yezixhobo ezivela kwimemori ngokwemiyalelo yeprogram kwaye uqhube imagazini yesixhobo ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo ukuhambisa izixhobo kwindawo yokutshintsha isixhobo. Ngaphezu koko, ekubeni utshintsho lwedilesi yokugcinwa kwesixhobo lunokukhunjulwa yikhompyutheni ngexesha langempela, izixhobo ziyakwazi ukukhutshwa kwaye zithunyelwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwimagazini yesixhobo, ukuphucula kakhulu ulawulo olusebenzayo kunye nokuguquguquka kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo. Le ndlela yokukhethwa kwesixhobo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumaziko omatshini anamhlanje achanekileyo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu we-CNC, ngakumbi afanelekele ukusetyenzwa kwemisebenzi eneenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokusetyenzwa kunye neentlobo ezininzi zezixhobo, njengokusetyenzwa kwamacandelo afana neebhloko zeenjini zemoto kunye neentloko zeesilinda.
(III) Utshintsho lwesixhobo
Inkqubo yokutshintsha isixhobo inokwahlulwa ngokwezi meko zilandelayo ngokweentlobo zabaphathi besixhobo kwisixhobo sokusonta kunye nesixhobo esiza kutshintshwa kwimagazini yesixhobo:
- Zombini iSixhobo kwiSpindle kunye neSixhobo esiMakutshintshwa endaweni yayo kwiMagazini yeSixhobo zikwiMibambi yesiXhobo eRandom.
Kule meko, inkqubo yokutshintsha isixhobo yile ilandelayo: Okokuqala, imagazini yesixhobo yenza umsebenzi wokukhetha isixhobo ngokwemiyalelo yenkqubo yokulawula ukuhambisa ngokukhawuleza isixhobo ukuba sitshintshwe kwindawo yokutshintsha isixhobo. Emva koko, i-double-arm manipulator yandisa ukubamba ngokuchanekileyo isixhobo esitsha kwimagazini yesixhobo kunye nesixhobo esidala kwi-spindle. Emva koko, itafile yokutshintshiselana isixhobo ijikeleza ukujikeleza isixhobo esitsha kunye nesixhobo esidala kwiindawo ezihambelanayo ze-spindle kunye nemagazini yesixhobo ngokulandelanayo. Ekugqibeleni, i-manipulator ifaka isixhobo esitsha kwi-spindle kwaye iyibambe, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ibeka isixhobo esidala kwindawo engenanto yemagazini yesixhobo ukugqiba umsebenzi wokutshintsha isixhobo. Le ndlela yokutshintsha isixhobo inokuguquguquka okuphezulu kwaye iyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa kunye nokudibanisa izixhobo, kodwa ineemfuno eziphezulu zokuchaneka kwe-manipulator kunye nesantya sokuphendula kwinkqubo yokulawula. - Isixhobo esikwi-Spindle sibekwe kwisiBambi seSixhobo esiFixed, kwaye iSixhobo eSiza kuTshintshwa sikwiSibambi seSixhobo esiRandom okanye isiBambi sesixhobo esiFixed.
Inkqubo yokukhethwa kwesixhobo iyafana nendlela yokukhetha isixhobo somphathi wesixhobo esingasentla. Xa utshintsha isixhobo, emva kokuthatha isixhobo kwi-spindle, imagazini yesixhobo kufuneka ijikelezwe kwangaphambili kwindawo ethile yokufumana isixhobo sokuphotha ukuze isixhobo esidala sithunyelwe ngokuchanekileyo kwimagazini yesixhobo. Le ndlela yokutshintsha isixhobo ixhaphake ngakumbi kweminye imisebenzi yokucubungula eneenkqubo zokusetyenzwa ezingaguqukiyo kunye nosetyenziso oluphezulu lokusebenzisa isixhobo sokusonta. Umzekelo, kwezinye iinkqubo zokusetyenzwa komngxuma wokuvelisa ibhetshi, iidrili ezithile okanye iireamers zingasetyenziswa kwi-spindle ixesha elide. Kule meko, ukubeka isixhobo se-spindle kwisixhobo esisisigxina kunokuphucula ukuzinza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokusebenza. - Isixhobo esikwi-Spindle sikwiSibambi seSixhobo esiRandom, kwaye iSixhobo emasiTshintshwe sikwiSibambi sesixhobo esiFixed.
Inkqubo yokukhethwa kwesixhobo kukwakhetha isixhobo esichaziweyo kwimagazini yesixhobo ngokweemfuno zenkqubo yokucubungula. Xa utshintsha isixhobo, isixhobo esithathwe kwi-spindle siya kuthunyelwa kwindawo ekufutshane engenanto yesixhobo sokusetyenziswa okulandelayo. Esi sixhobo sokutshintsha indlela, ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, sithathela ingqalelo ukuguquguquka kokugcinwa kwesixhobo kunye nokulula kolawulo lwemagazini yesixhobo. Ilungele eminye imisebenzi yokucubungula eneenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokusetyenzwa, iintlobo ezininzi zezixhobo, kunye nosetyenziso olusezantsi lwezakhelo zezinye izixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye iinkqubo zokubumba, izixhobo ezininzi zeenkcazo ezahlukeneyo zinokusetyenziswa, kodwa ezinye izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zisetyenziswa rhoqo. Kule meko, ukubeka ezi zixhobo kwizibambi zezixhobo ezisisigxina kunye nokugcina izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwi-spindle ekufutshane kunokuphucula izinga lokusetyenziswa kwendawo yemagazini yesixhobo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwesixhobo.
IV. Ukuqukumbela
Umgaqo kunye namanyathelo okutshintsha kwesixhobo esizenzekelayo kumaziko omatshini e-CNC yinjineli eyinkimbinkimbi kunye nechanekileyo yenkqubo, ebandakanya ulwazi lobugcisa kwiinkalo ezininzi ezifana nesakhiwo soomatshini, ulawulo lombane, kunye neprogram yesoftware. Ukuqonda okunzulu kunye nobuchule beteknoloji yokutshintsha isixhobo esizenzekelayo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuchaneka kokucubungula, kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo zamaziko omatshini e-CNC. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lweshishini lemveliso kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, izixhobo ezizenzekelayo zokutshintsha izixhobo zamaziko omatshini e-CNC nazo ziya kuqhubeka nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kunye nokuphucula, ukuya kwisantya esiphezulu, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, kunye nobukrelekrele obunamandla ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo yokusetyenzwa kwamacandelo antsonkothileyo kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso eyomeleleyo yokukhuthaza inguqu kunye nokuphuculwa kweshishini lemveliso. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, abaqhubi kufuneka bakhethe ngokufanelekileyo iindlela zokulayisha izixhobo, iindlela zokukhetha izixhobo, kunye nezicwangciso zokutshintsha izixhobo ngokweempawu kunye neemfuno zokusetyenzwa kwemisebenzi ukuze basebenzise ngokupheleleyo izibonelelo zamaziko omatshini e-CNC, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Ngeli xesha, abavelisi bezixhobo kufuneka baqhubeke nokuphucula uyilo kunye neenkqubo zokwenziwa kwezixhobo zokutshintsha izixhobo ezizenzekelayo ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokuzinza kwezixhobo kunye nokubonelela abasebenzisi ngezisombululo zoomatshini ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nezisebenzayo ngakumbi zeCNC.