Abavelisi babelana ngamanyathelo okuthintela ukusilela okuqhelekileyo koomatshini bezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC.

Amanyathelo aBavelisi besixhobo soomatshini be-CNC ukuThintela ukungaphumeleli koomatshini abaqhelekileyo beZixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC.

Njengesixhobo esiphambili kwimveliso yanamhlanje, ukuzinza kunye nokuthembeka kokusebenza kwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC kubaluleke kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide, izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zinokufumana ukusilela komatshini, okuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Ke ngoko, abavelisi besixhobo somatshini we-CNC kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo asebenzayo okuthintela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC.

 

I. Ukuthintelwa kokungaphumeleli kwecandelo le-spindle yezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC
(A) Ukubonakaliswa kokusilela
Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweenjini zokulawula isantya, ukwakheka kwebhokisi yokuphotha yezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC kulula. Awona malungu aphambili athambekele ekusileleni sisixhobo esizenzekelayo esibamba isixhobo kunye nesixhobo sokulawula isantya esizenzekelayo ngaphakathi kwi-spindle. Iziganeko eziqhelekileyo zokungaphumeleli ziquka ukungakwazi ukukhulula isixhobo emva kokubamba, ukufudumeza kwe-spindle, kunye nengxolo kwibhokisi yokusonta.
(B) Amanyathelo okuthintela

 

  1. Isixhobo clamping ukusilela ukuphatha
    Xa isixhobo singenako ukukhululwa emva kokubamba, cinga ukulungisa uxinzelelo lwesixhobo sokukhupha i-hydraulic cylinder kunye nesixhobo sokutshintsha i-stroke. Ngelo xesha, i-nut kwi-disc spring ingalungiswa kwakhona ukunciphisa inani loxinzelelo lwe-spring ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba isixhobo sinokukhutshwa ngokuqhelekileyo.
  2. Ukuphatha ukufudumeza kwe-spindle
    Ngeengxaki zokufudumeza i-spindle, qala ucoce ibhokisi lokuphotha ukuqinisekisa ukucoceka kwayo. Emva koko, jonga kwaye ulungelelanise ubungakanani beoyile yokuthambisa ukuze uqinisekise ukuba i-spindle inokuthanjiswa ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lokusebenza. Ukuba ingxaki yokufudumeza isaqhubeka, ukuthwala i-spindle kungadinga ukutshintshwa ukuze kupheliswe umcimbi wokufudumeza obangelwa kukunxiba.
  3. Ukuphathwa kwengxolo yebhokisi yomsonto
    Xa ingxolo isenzeka kwibhokisi yokusonta, jonga imeko yeegiya ngaphakathi kwebhokisi yokusonta. Ukuba iigiya zigugile kakhulu okanye zonakele, kufuneka zilungiswe okanye zitshintshwe kwangethuba ukuze kuncitshiswe ingxolo. Ngexesha elifanayo, yenza rhoqo ukugcinwa kwibhokisi ye-spindle, jonga imeko yokuqinisa inxalenye nganye, kwaye uthintele ingxolo ebangelwa ukukhulula.

 

II. Ukuthintelwa kokungaphumeleli kwekhonkco lokutya kwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC
(A) Ukubonakaliswa kokusilela
Kwinkqubo ye-feed drive yezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC, amacandelo afana ne-ball screw pairs, i-hydrostatic screw nut pairs, izikhokelo zokuqengqeleka, izikhokelo ze-hydrostatic, kunye nezikhokelo zeplastiki zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Xa ukusilela kwenzeka kwitsheyini ye-feed drive, kubonakaliswa ikakhulu njengokuhla komgangatho wentshukumo, njengamalungu oomatshini angashukumiyo kwindawo echaziweyo, ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza, ukwehla kokuchaneka kokumisa, ukwanda kokucocwa umva, ukukhasa, kunye nokwanda kwengxolo yokuthwala (emva kongquzulwano).
(B) Amanyathelo okuthintela

 

  1. Ukuphucula ukuchaneka kothumelo
    (1) Lungisa ukulayishwa kwangaphambili kwesibini ngasinye esishukumayo ukuphelisa ukukhutshwa kothumelo. Ngokulungelelanisa ukulayishwa kwangaphambili kweebini ezihambayo ezifana ne-screw nut pairs kunye ne-slider sliders, ukukhutshwa kungancitshiswa kwaye ukuchaneka kokuhanjiswa kunokuphuculwa.
    (2) Misela iigiya zokunciphisa kwikhonkco lokuhambisa ukuze unciphise ubude bekhonkco lokuhambisa. Oku kunokunciphisa ukuqokelela kweempazamo kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kokudluliselwa.
    (3) Lungisa amakhonkco akhululekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iindawo zixhunyiwe ngokuqinileyo. Jonga rhoqo iziqhagamshelo kwikhonkco lothumelo, olufana nokudibanisa kunye nokudibanisa okubalulekileyo, ukuthintela ukukhulula ekuchaphazeleni ukuchaneka kokudluliselwa.
  2. Ukuphucula ukuqina kosulelo
    (1) Lungisa ukulayishwa kwangaphambili kweeperi ze-screw nut kunye nezixhobo ezixhasayo. Ukulungelelanisa ngokufanelekileyo ukulayisha kwangaphambili kunokonyusa ukuqina kwesikrufu, ukunciphisa i-deformation, kunye nokuphucula ukuqina kothumelo.
    (2) Ngokufanelekileyo khetha ubungakanani besikrufu ngokwaso. Ngokomthwalo kunye neemfuno ezichanekileyo zesixhobo somatshini, khetha isikrufu esinobubanzi obufanelekileyo kunye ne-pitch ukuphucula ukuqina kokuhanjiswa.
  3. Ukuphucula ukuchaneka kwentshukumo
    Ngaphantsi kwesiseko sokuhlangana namandla kunye nokuqina kwamacandelo, ukunciphisa ubunzima beendawo ezihambayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukunciphisa ububanzi kunye nobuninzi beengxenye ezijikelezayo ukunciphisa inertia yezinto ezihambayo kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kwentshukumo. Umzekelo, sebenzisa iitafile zokusebenzela kunye neekhareji ezinoyilo olukhaphukhaphu.
  4. Ukugcinwa kwesikhokelo
    (1) Izikhokelo zokuqengqeleka zinovakalelo ngokwentelekiso kubumdaka kwaye kufuneka zibe nesixhobo esikhuselayo esilungileyo sokuthintela uthuli, iitshiphusi kunye nobunye ukungcola ekungeneni kwisikhokelo kunye nokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwayo.
    (2) Ukukhethwa kwangaphambili kwezikhokelo zokuqengqeleka kufuneka kube ngokufanelekileyo. Ukulayisha kwangaphambili okugqithisileyo kuya kwandisa kakhulu amandla okutsala, ukwandisa umthwalo wemoto, kunye nokuchaphazela ukuchaneka kwentshukumo.
    (3) Izikhokelo ze-Hydrostatic kufuneka zibe nesethi yeenkqubo zokubonelela ngeoyile kunye nemiphumo emihle yokucoca ukuqinisekisa ukubunjwa kwefilimu yeoli ezinzileyo kwindawo yesikhokelo kunye nokuphucula umthamo wokuthwala kunye nokuchaneka kwentshukumo yesikhokelo.

 

III. Ukuthintelwa kokungaphumeleli kokutshintsha isixhobo esizenzekelayo sezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC
(A) Ukubonakaliswa kokusilela
Ukungaphumeleli kokutshintsha isixhobo esizenzekelayo kubonakaliswa ikakhulu kwiintsilelo zentshukumo yesixhobo semagazini, iimpazamo ezigqithisileyo zokubeka indawo, ukucinezela okungazinzanga kwezibambo zesixhobo ngumanipulator, kunye neempazamo ezinkulu zentshukumo zesikhohlisi. Kwiimeko ezinzima, isenzo sokutshintsha isixhobo sinokubambeka kwaye isixhobo somatshini siya kunyanzeleka ukuba siyeke ukusebenza.
(B) Amanyathelo okuthintela

 

  1. Ukuphathwa kokusilela kwemagazini yesixhobo
    (1) Ukuba imagazini yesixhobo ayinakujikeleza ngenxa yezizathu zoomatshini ezifana nezikhonkwane ezixengaxengayo ezidibanisa ishafti yemoto kunye neshafti yentshulube okanye ukudityaniswa komatshini okuxineneyo, izikrufu ezikudityanisiweyo maziqiniswe ukuqinisekisa uqhagamshelo oluluqilima.
    (2) Ukuba ijenali yesixhobo ayijikisi i到位, inokubangelwa kukusilela kokujikeleza kwemoto okanye impazamo yothumelo. Jonga imo yokusebenza yemoto, efana nevoltheji, yangoku, kunye nesantya, ukubona ukuba ziqhelekile na. Kwangaxeshanye, jonga imeko yokunxiba yamacandelo othumelo anjengamagiya kunye namatyathanga, kwaye utshintshe amacandelo anxibe kakhulu ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
    (3) Ukuba umkhono wesixhobo awukwazi ukusibamba isixhobo, lungisa isikrufu sokulungelelanisa kwisikhonkwane sesixhobo, ucinezele intwasahlobo, kwaye uqinise iphini lokubamba. Qinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sifakwe ngokuqinileyo kwi-sleeve yesixhobo kwaye asiyi kuwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshintsha isixhobo.
    (4) Xa umkhono wesixhobo ungekho kwindawo echanekileyo phezulu okanye ezantsi, khangela indawo yefolokhwe okanye ukufakwa kunye nokulungelelaniswa kokutshintsha umda. Qinisekisa ukuba ifolokhwe inokutyhala ngokuchanekileyo i-sleeve yesixhobo ukuya phezulu nasezantsi, kwaye umyinge wokutshintsha unokubona ngokuchanekileyo indawo yomkhono wesixhobo.
  2. Isixhobo sokutshintsha ukuphathwa kokusilela kwe-manipulator
    (1) Ukuba isixhobo asinyanzelwanga ngokuqinileyo kwaye siyawa, lungelelanisa i-clamping claw spring ukwandisa uxinzelelo lwaso okanye indawo ye-clamping pin ye-manipulator. Qinisekisa ukuba i-manipulator inokusibamba ngokuqinileyo isixhobo kwaye siyithintele ekuweni ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshintsha isixhobo.
    (2) Ukuba isixhobo asikwazi ukukhutshwa emva kokunyanzeliswa, lungisa i-nut emva kwentwasahlobo yokukhululwa ukuze uqinisekise ukuba umthwalo omkhulu awugqithisi ixabiso elilinganisiweyo. Gwema isixhobo asikwazi ukukhutshwa ngenxa yoxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lwentwasahlobo.
    (3) Ukuba isixhobo siwela ngexesha lokutshintshiselana kwesixhobo, sinokubangelwa yibhokisi ye-spindle engabuyeli kwindawo yokutshintsha isixhobo okanye isixhobo sokutshintsha isixhobo. Sebenzisa ibhokisi ye-spindle kwakhona ukuze ubuyele kwindawo yokutshintsha isixhobo kwaye usethe kwakhona indawo yokutshintsha isixhobo ukuze uqinisekise ukuchaneka kwenkqubo yokutshintsha isixhobo.

 

IV. Ukuthintelwa kokungaphumeleli kokutshintsha kwe-stroke kwindawo nganye yokuhamba kwe-axis yezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC
(A) Ukubonakaliswa kokusilela
Kwizixhobo zomatshini we-CNC, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuthembeka komsebenzi ozenzekelayo, inani elikhulu lokutshintsha kwe-stroke ukufumanisa izikhundla zokunyakaza zisetyenziswa. Emva kokusebenza kwexesha elide, iimpawu ezishukumayo zeengxenye ezihambayo zitshintsha, kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo zokucofa i-stroke kunye neempawu zomgangatho wokutshintsha kwe-stroke ngokwazo ziya kuba nefuthe elikhulu ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi kwesixhobo somatshini.
(B) Amanyathelo okuthintela
Jonga kwaye utshintshe utshintsho lwestroke ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Jonga rhoqo isimo sokusebenza sokutshintsha kwe-stroke, njengokuba ngaba banokufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo indawo yeendawo ezihambayo, nokuba kukho iingxaki ezifana nokukhululeka okanye umonakalo. Ukuba umtshini we-stroke awuphumeleli, kufuneka utshintshwe kwangethuba ukuze kupheliswe impembelelo yotshintsho olunjalo kwisixhobo somatshini. Ngexesha elifanayo, xa ufaka ukutshintshwa kwe-stroke, qinisekisa ukuba iindawo zabo zokufakela zichanekile kwaye ziqinile ukuphepha ukungaphumeleli okubangelwa ukufakela okungafanelekanga.

 

V. Ukuthintela ukungaphumeleli kokuxhasa izixhobo ezincedisayo zezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC
(A) Inkqubo ye-hydraulic

 

  1. Ukubonakaliswa kokusilela
    Iimpompo eziguquguqukayo kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwiimpompo ze-hydraulic ukunciphisa ukufudumeza kwenkqubo ye-hydraulic. Isihluzi esifakwe kwi-tank yamafutha kufuneka sicocwe rhoqo ngepetroli okanye i-ultrasonic vibration. Ukusilela okuqhelekileyo kukunxitywa kwempompo yomzimba, iintanda, kunye nomonakalo womatshini.
  2. Amanyathelo okuthintela
    (1) Coca isihluzo rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukucoceka kweoli ye-hydraulic. Thintela ukungcola ekungeneni kwi-hydraulic system kunye nokonakalisa amacandelo e-hydraulic.
    (2) Ukusilela okunje ngokunxitywa komzimba wempompo, iintanda, kunye nomonakalo womatshini, ngokubanzi, ukulungiswa okukhulu okanye ukutshintshwa kwamalungu ayimfuneko. Ekusetyenzisweni kwansuku zonke, nikela ingqalelo ekugcinweni kwenkqubo ye-hydraulic kwaye ugweme ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo kunye nemithwalo yempembelelo yokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yepompo ye-hydraulic.
    (B) Inkqubo yomoya
  3. Ukubonakaliswa kokusilela
    Kwinkqubo ye-pneumatic esetyenziselwa isixhobo okanye i-workpiece clamping, ukutshintshela umnyango wokhuseleko, kunye ne-chip evuthela kwi-spindle taper hole, isahluli samanzi kunye nesihluzo somoya kufuneka sikhutshwe rhoqo kwaye sicocwe rhoqo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvakalelwa kwamalungu ahambayo kumacandelo e-pneumatic. Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweValve core, ukuvuza komoya, ukonakaliswa kwelungu le-pneumatic, kunye nokusilela kwesenzo zonke zibangelwa kukuthanjiswa kakubi. Ngoko ke, isahluli senkungu yeoli kufuneka sicocwe rhoqo. Ukongezelela, ukuqina kwenkqubo ye-pneumatic kufuneka kuhlolwe rhoqo.
  4. Amanyathelo okuthintela
    (1) Khupha amanzi kwaye ucoce isahluli samanzi kunye nesihluzo somoya rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umoya ongena kwi-pneumatic system yomile kwaye icocekile. Ukuthintela umswakama kunye nokungcola ekungeneni kumacandelo e-pneumatic kunye nokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwabo.
    (2) Coca isahlukanisi senkungu yeoli rhoqo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthanjiswa okulungileyo kwamacandelo omoya. Khetha ioli efanelekileyo yokuthambisa kwaye wenze i-oyile kunye nokucoca ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo.
    (3) Jonga rhoqo ukuqina kwenkqubo ye-pneumatic kwaye ufumane kwaye uphathe iingxaki zokuvuza komoya ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Qwalasela ukudityaniswa kwemibhobho, izitywini, iivalvu kunye nezinye iindawo ukuze uqinisekise ukuqina kakuhle kwenkqubo yomoya.
    (C) Inkqubo yokuthambisa
  5. Ukubonakaliswa kokusilela
    Iquka ukuthanjiswa kwezikhokelo zesixhobo soomatshini, izixhobo zokuhambisa, izikrufu zebhola, iibhokisi zokuphotha, njl njl.
  6. Amanyathelo okuthintela
    (1) Coca kwaye ubeke indawo yokucoca ngaphakathi kwimpompo yokuthambisa rhoqo ukuze uqinisekise ukucoceka kweoli yokuthambisa. Thintela ukungcola ekungeneni kwinkqubo yokuthambisa kunye nokonakalisa amacandelo okuthambisa.
    (2) Ngokutsho kwencwadi yokusebenza yesixhobo somatshini, yenza rhoqo i-oyile kunye nokugcinwa kwindawo nganye yokuthambisa. Khetha ioyile yokuthambisa efanelekileyo kwaye uhlengahlengise isixa se-oyile kunye nexesha lokuthambisa ngokweemfuno zamacandelo ahlukeneyo.
    (D) Inkqubo yokupholisa
  7. Ukubonakaliswa kokusilela
    Idlala indima kwizixhobo zokupholisa kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza kunye neetshiphusi ezigungxulwayo. Umbhobho wokupholisa kufuneka ucocwe rhoqo.
  8. Amanyathelo okuthintela
    (1) Coca umlomo wokupholisa rhoqo ukuze uqinisekise ukuba isixhobo sokupholisa sinokutshizwa ngokulinganayo kwizixhobo nakwizinto zokusebenza, udlala indima entle ekupholiseni nasekugungxuleni itshiphu.
    (2) Jonga ugxininiso kunye nesantya sokuhamba kwesipholisi kwaye ulungelelanise ngokweemfuno zokusetyenzwa. Qinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza kwesipholisi kuyahlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenzwa.
    (E) Isixhobo sokususa i-chip
  9. Ukubonakaliswa kokusilela
    Isixhobo sokususa i-chip sisixhobo esinemisebenzi ezimeleyo, ngokukodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubela phambili egudileyo yokusika ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokunciphisa ukuveliswa kobushushu bezixhobo zomshini we-CNC. Ngoko ke, isixhobo sokususa i-chip kufuneka sikwazi ukususa ii-chips ngokuzenzekelayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye indawo yokufakela kwayo kufuneka ibe kufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwindawo yokusika isixhobo.
  10. Amanyathelo okuthintela
    (1) Jonga rhoqo imeko yokusebenza yesixhobo sokususa itshiphu ukuze uqinisekise ukuba inokususa iitshiphusi ngokuzenzekelayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Coca iitshiphusi ngaphakathi kwesixhobo sokususa itshiphu ukunqanda ukuvaleka.
    (2) Ukulungelelanisa ngokufanelekileyo indawo yokufakela isixhobo sokususa i-chip ukuze sisondele kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwindawo yokusika isixhobo sokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokususwa kwetshiphu. Ngexesha elifanayo, qinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sokususa i-chip sifakwe ngokuqinileyo kwaye asiyi kugungqa okanye sitshintshe ngexesha lokucubungula.

 

VI. Ukuqukumbela
Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zizixhobo zokusebenza ezizenzekelayo kunye nolawulo lwekhompyutheni kunye nokudibanisa kwe-mechatronics. Ukusetyenziswa kwabo yiprojekthi yesicelo sobugcisa. Ukuthintela okuchanekileyo kunye nokugcinwa okusebenzayo ziziqinisekiso ezisisiseko zokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC. Ukusilela komatshini okuqhelekileyo, nangona kwenzeka ngokungaqhelekanga, akufuneki ukuba zingahoywa. Abavelisi besixhobo somatshini we-CNC kufuneka bahlalutye ngokubanzi kwaye bagwebe izizathu ezisisiseko zokungaphumeleli, bathathe amanyathelo okuthintela asebenzayo, kwaye banciphise ixesha lokuphumla ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kangangoko ukuququzelela ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC.
Kwimveliso eyiyo, abavelisi kufuneka bomeleze uqeqesho lwabasebenzi ukuphucula izakhono zabo zokusebenza kunye nokwazisa ngolondolozo. Abaqhubi kufuneka basebenze ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana neenkqubo zokusebenza, benze rhoqo ukugcinwa kwezixhobo zoomatshini, kwaye babone ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye baphathe iingozi ezinokuthi zingaphumeleli. Kwangaxeshanye, abavelisi kufuneka baseke inkqubo yenkonzo egqibeleleyo emva kokuthengisa, baphendule kwiimfuno zabathengi ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye babonelele ngenkxaso yobuchwephesha kunye neenkonzo zolondolozo. Kuphela ngale ndlela kuya kuqinisekiswa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso kuphuculwe, kwaye igalelo lenziwe kuphuhliso lwemveliso yanamhlanje.