Uhlalutyo olunzulu lwenqanaba lokuchaneka kunye neemfuno zokuchaneka komatshini kwiindawo eziphambili zezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC
Kwimveliso yanamhlanje, izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ziye zaba zezona zixhobo ziphambili zokuvelisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo ezichanekileyo ngokuchaneka kwazo okuphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokuzenzela. Inqanaba lokuchaneka kwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC limisela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho kunye nobunzima bamacandelo anokuthi baqhube, kunye neemfuno zokuchaneka kwe-machining yeendawo eziphambili zeengxenye eziqhelekileyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhetheni izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC.
Izixhobo zomatshini ze-CNC zingahlelwa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe ekusebenziseni kwazo, kubandakanywa lula, ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo, ukuchaneka kwe-ultra, njl. Uhlobo ngalunye lunokufikelela kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuchaneka. Izixhobo zomatshini ezilula ze-CNC zisasetyenziswa kwezinye iileyile kunye noomatshini bokugaya, kunye nesisombululo esincinci se-0.01mm, kunye nentshukumo kunye nokuchaneka komatshini ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphezulu (0.03-0.05) mm. Olu hlobo lwesixhobo somatshini lufanelekile kwimisebenzi ethile yomatshini eneemfuno ezichanekileyo ezisezantsi.
Ukuchaneka kwe-Ultra CNC izixhobo zoomatshini zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiinkalo ezikhethekileyo zomatshini, kwaye ukuchaneka kwazo kunokufikelela kumanqanaba amangalisayo angaphantsi kwe-0.001mm. Esi sixhobo somatshini esichaneke kakhulu sinokwenza iindawo ezichaneke kakhulu, sihlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye namashishini asakhasayo afana ne-aerospace kunye nezixhobo zonyango.
Ukongeza ekuhleleni ngenjongo, izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC nazo zingahlelwa zibe ziintlobo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezichanekileyo ezisekelwe ekuchanekeni. Xa uvavanya ukuchaneka kwezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC, ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya izinto ezingama-20-30. Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto imele kunye neempawu zeempawu ziquka ukuchaneka kokuma kwe-axis enye, i-axis enye ephindaphindiweyo yokuchaneka kokuma, kunye nokujikeleza kwesiqwenga sovavanyo esiveliswa ngamazembe amabini okanye ngaphezulu adityanisiweyo.
Ukuchaneka kokumiswa kwe-axis eyodwa kubhekiselele kuluhlu lwempazamo xa ubeka nayiphi na indawo ngaphakathi kwe-axis stroke, kwaye isalathiso esibalulekileyo esibonisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka komatshini wesixhobo somatshini. Okwangoku, kukho iiyantlukwano ezithile kwimimiselo, iinkcazo, iindlela zokulinganisa, kunye neendlela zokucubungula idatha yesi salathisi phakathi kwamazwe emhlabeni jikelele. Ekusungulweni kwedatha yesampula kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC, imigangatho eqhelekileyo ibandakanya i-American Standard (NAS), imigangatho ecetyiswayo ye-American Machine Tool Manufacturers Association, i-German Standard Standard (VDI), i-Japan Standard (JIS), i-International Organization for Standardization (ISO), kunye ne-China yeSizwe soMgangatho (GB).
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba phakathi kwale migangatho, umgangatho waseJapan uchaza eyona iphantsi. Indlela yokulinganisa isekelwe kwiseti enye yedatha ezinzileyo, kwaye ixabiso lempazamo linyanzeliswa ngesiqingatha ngokuthatha ixabiso le-±. Ke ngoko, ukuchaneka kokumiswa okulinganiswe kusetyenziswa iindlela zomlinganiso osemgangathweni waseJapan kudla ngokuhluka ngokuphindwe kabini xa kuthelekiswa neziphumo ezilinganisiweyo kusetyenziswa eminye imigangatho. Nangona kunjalo, eminye imigangatho, nangona ihluke ekusebenzeni kwedatha, zonke zilandela umthetho wezibalo zephutha ukuhlalutya umlinganiselo kunye nokuchaneka kokubeka. Oku kuthetha ukuba impazamo ethile yokubeka indawo kwi-stroke elawulwayo ye-axis yesixhobo somatshini we-CNC, kufuneka ibonise imeko yempazamo yamawaka amaxesha okumisa ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide lomatshini womatshini. Nangona kunjalo, kwimilinganiselo yangempela, ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwiimeko, kuphela inani elilinganiselwe lemilinganiselo enokwenziwa (ngokuqhelekileyo ngamaxesha angama-5-7).
I-axis enye ephindaphindiweyo yokuchaneka kokumisa ngokucacileyo ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuchaneka okubanzi kwecandelo ngalinye elihambayo le-axis, ngokukodwa ekuboniseni ukuzinza kwe-axis kuyo nayiphi na indawo yokumisa ngaphakathi kwe-stroke, ebaluleke kakhulu. Isalathiso esisisiseko sokulinganisa ukuba i-axis inokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo nangokuthembekileyo. Kwiinkqubo zale mihla ze-CNC, isoftware inemisebenzi yembuyekezo etyebileyo yempazamo, enokuthi ihlawule ngokuzinzileyo iimpazamo zenkqubo yekhonkco ngalinye kwikhonkco losulelo lwesondlo.
Ngokomzekelo, ukucocwa, ukuguqulwa kwe-elastic, kunye nokuqina koqhagamshelwano lwekhonkco nganye kwikhonkco lokuhambisa kuya kubonisa ukunyakaza okuhlukeneyo ngokukhawuleza kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobukhulu bomthwalo webhentshi yokusebenza, ubude bomgama wokuhamba, kunye nesantya sokumisa ukuhamba. Kwezinye iisistim ze-servo ezivulekileyo kunye ne-semi-loop-loop feed, amacandelo okuqhuba oomatshini emva kokulinganisa amacandelo aya kuchatshazelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo zengozi, ezikhokelela kwiimpazamo ezibalulekileyo ezingahleliwe. Umzekelo, ukongezwa kwe-thermal yezikrufu zebhola kunokubangela ukukhukuliseka kwindawo eyiyo yokuma yebhentshi yokusebenza.
Ukuze uvavanye ngokubanzi ukuchaneka kokuchaneka kwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, ukongeza kwizalathi ezichanekileyo ze-axis enye ekhankanywe ngasentla, kukwabalulekile ukuvavanya ukuchaneka kwe-multi-axis linkage machining. Ukuchaneka komphezulu we-cylindrical wokusila okanye i-grooves ye-spiral spiral (imisonto) luphawu olunokuvavanya ngokubanzi i-servo ilandela iimpawu ezishukumayo ze-axes ze-CNC (i-axes ezimbini okanye ezintathu) kunye nomsebenzi wokudibanisa weenkqubo ze-CNC kwizixhobo zoomatshini. Indlela eqhelekileyo yesigwebo kukulinganisa ukujikeleza komgangatho we-cylindrical owenziwe ngomatshini.
Kwityala lokusikwa kwezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC, ukugaya isikwere se-oblique yesikwere esinamacala amane kwindlela yokwenza kwakhona kuyindlela esebenzayo yokugweba, enokusetyenziswa ukuvavanya ukuchaneka kweezembe ezimbini ezilawulekayo kwintshukumo yokuguqulwa komgca. Ngethuba lolu vavanyo lokusika, i-mill yokugqibela esetyenziselwa ukuchaneka ngokuchanekileyo ifakwe kwi-spindle yesixhobo somatshini, kwaye i-specimen yesetyhula ebekwe kwi-workbench i-milled. Kwizixhobo zoomatshini abancinci naphakathi, iisampulu ezijikelezayo zikhethwa ngokubanzi phakathi koluhlu lwe-¥ 200 ukuya kwi-¥ 300. Emva kokugqiba ukungqusha, beka umfuziselo kwisivavanyi esingqukuva kwaye ulinganise uburharha bomphezulu owenziwe ngoomatshini.
Ngokujonga kunye nokuhlalutya iziphumo zomatshini, ulwazi oluninzi olubalulekileyo malunga nokuchaneka kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo zoomatshini kunokufumaneka. Ukuba kukho iipateni zokungcangcazela ezicacileyo zokusila kwi-milled cylindrical surface, ibonisa isantya esingazinzanga se-interpolation yesixhobo somatshini; Ukuba kukho impazamo enkulu ye-elliptical kwi-roundness eveliswa ngokusila, ibonisa ukuba iinzuzo zeendlela ezimbini ezilawulwayo ze-axis ye-interpolation motion azihambelani; Kwinqanaba lesetyhula, ukuba kukho amanqaku okumisa kumanqaku apho i-axis nganye elawulwayo iguqula isalathiso (oko kukuthi, kwintshukumo eqhubekayo yokusika, ukuba intshukumo yokutya iyeka kwindawo ethile, isixhobo siya kwenza icandelo elincinci lamanqaku okusika isinyithi kwi-machining surface), kubonisa ukuba ukucocwa kwangaphambili kunye nokubuyisela umva kwe-axis akuzange kulungiswe kakuhle.
Umgwebo wokuchaneka kwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC yinkqubo entsonkothileyo nenzima, kwaye ezinye zide zifune uvavanyo oluchanekileyo emva kokuba kugqityiwe ukwenziwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuchaneka kwezixhobo zoomatshini kuthonywa kukudityaniswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa noyilo lwesakhiwo sesixhobo somatshini, ukuchaneka kokwenziwa kwamacandelo, umgangatho wendibano, ukusebenza kweenkqubo zokulawula, kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini.
Ngokumalunga noyilo lwesakhiwo sezixhobo zoomatshini, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo esifanelekileyo kunye noyilo oluqinileyo kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukungcangcazela kunye nokuguqulwa ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukuchaneka komatshini. Ngokomzekelo, ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokulala eziphezulu, ikholomu ephuculweyo kunye nezakhiwo ze-crossbeam, njl., Kunokunceda ukuphucula ukuzinza okupheleleyo kwesixhobo somatshini.
Ukuchaneka kokwenziwa kwamacandelo nako kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuchanekeni kwezixhobo zoomatshini. Ukuchaneka kwamacandelo abalulekileyo anjengezikrufu zebhola, izikhokelo zomgca, kunye ne-spindles zinquma ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka kwentshukumo ye-axis yentshukumo nganye yesixhobo somatshini. Izikrufu zebhola ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziqinisekisa ukunyakaza okuchanekileyo, ngelixa izikhokelo zomgca ezichanekileyo zibonelela ngesikhokelo esigudileyo.
Umgangatho weNdibano nawo uyinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ukuchaneka kwezixhobo zomatshini. Kwinkqubo yendibano yesixhobo somatshini, kuyimfuneko ukulawula ngokuthe ngqo iiparitha ezifana nokuchaneka okufanelekileyo, ukuhambelana, kunye nokuma ngokuthe nkqo phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ubudlelwane obuchanekileyo bokunyakaza phakathi kweendawo ezihambayo zesixhobo somatshini ngexesha lokusebenza.
Ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokulawula kubalulekile kulawulo oluchanekileyo lwezixhobo zoomatshini. Iinkqubo ze-CNC eziphucukileyo zinokufikelela kulawulo lwendawo echanekileyo, ulawulo lwesantya, kunye nemisebenzi yokudibanisa, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukuchaneka komatshini wezixhobo zoomatshini. Okwangoku, umsebenzi wembuyekezo yempazamo yenkqubo ye-CNC inokubonelela ngembuyekezo yexesha langempela kwiimpazamo ezahlukeneyo zesixhobo somatshini, ngakumbi ukuphucula ukuchaneka komatshini.
Iimeko zokusingqongileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini nazo zinokuchaphazela ukuchaneka kwesixhobo somatshini. Utshintsho kwiqondo lokushisa kunye nokufuma kunokubangela ukwanda kwe-thermal kunye nokucutheka kwezixhobo zesixhobo somatshini, ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazela ukuchaneka komatshini. Ngoko ke, kwiimeko zokuchaneka okuphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo kuyimfuneko ukulawula ngokungqongqo indawo yomatshini kunye nokugcina ubushushu obuqhubekayo kunye nomswakama.
Isishwankathelo, ukuchaneka kwezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC luphawu olubanzi oluphenjelelwa yintsebenziswano yezinto ezininzi. Xa ukhetha isixhobo somatshini we-CNC, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela izinto ezifana nohlobo lwesixhobo somatshini, inqanaba lokuchaneka, iiparitha zobugcisa, kunye nodumo kunye nenkonzo emva kokuthengisa yomenzi, ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zokuchaneka komatshini wamacandelo. Ngexesha elifanayo, ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo somatshini, uvavanyo oluchanekileyo kunye nokugcinwa ngokuchanekileyo kufuneka kuqhutywe ngokukhawuleza ukuchonga nokusombulula iingxaki, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo somatshini sihlala sigcina ukuchaneka okulungileyo kunye nokubonelela ngeziqinisekiso ezithembekileyo zokuveliswa kwamacandelo aphezulu.
Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yeteknoloji kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwemveliso, iimfuno zokuchaneka kwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC nazo zikhula rhoqo. Abavelisi bezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC bahlala bephanda kwaye bevelisa izinto ezintsha, bamkela itekhnoloji ephezulu kunye neenkqubo zokuphucula ukuchaneka kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo zoomatshini. Ngelo xesha, imigangatho yoshishino olufanelekileyo kunye neenkcukacha zihlala ziphuculwa, zibonelela ngesiseko senzululwazi kunye nesimanyeneyo sovavanyo oluchanekileyo kunye nokulawulwa komgangatho wezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC.
Kwixesha elizayo, izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ziya kuphuhlisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuzenzekelayo, ukubonelela ngenkxaso eyomeleleyo yokuguqulwa kunye nokuphuculwa kweshishini lemveliso. Kumashishini okuvelisa, ukuqonda okunzulu kweempawu ezichanekileyo zezixhobo zomshini we-CNC, ukhetho olufanelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zomshini we-CNC, kuya kuba ngundoqo ekuphuculeni umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuphucula ukukhuphisana kweemarike.