Inkqubo ye-CNC yezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela inkqubo yezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, kwaye xa uhlalutya inkqubo yee-workpieces, iimpawu zezixhobo zomshini we-CNC kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ukuqwalasela uluhlu lwezinto ezinje ngokucwangciswa kweendlela zenkqubo yenxalenye, ukhetho lwezixhobo zoomatshini, ukhetho lwezixhobo zokusika, kunye nokubethelwa kwamalungu. Izixhobo zomatshini ezahlukeneyo ze-CNC zihambelana neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza, kunye nendlela yokukhetha isixhobo esifanelekileyo somatshini sibe sisitshixo sokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa utyalo-mali kumashishini. Inkqubo ye-CNC yesixhobo somatshini we-CNC ibandakanya isixhobo se-CNC, i-fid drive (iyunithi yokulawula izinga lokutya kunye ne-servo motor), i-spindle drive (iyunithi yokulawula isantya kunye ne-spindle motor), kunye namacandelo okufumanisa. Xa ukhetha inkqubo ye-CNC, umxholo ongentla kufuneka ubandakanywe.
1, Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo ze-CNC
(1) Chwetheza ukhetho
Khetha isixhobo esihambelanayo se-CNC ngokohlobo lwesixhobo somatshini we-CNC. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izixhobo ze-CNC zifanelekile kwiindidi zomatshini ezifana nokujika, ukubhobhoza, ukudinwa, ukugaya, ukugaya, ukunyathela, kunye nokusika ukukhutshwa kombane, kwaye kufuneka kukhethwe ngokufanelekileyo.
(2) Ukukhetha ukusebenza
Ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-CNC kuyahluka kakhulu, njengenani lee-axis zokulawula ezibandakanya i-axis enye, i-2-axis, i-3-axis, i-4-axis, i-5-axis, kunye nangaphezulu kwe-10 okanye i-20; Kukho ii-axes ezi-2 okanye ngaphezulu zokudibanisa, kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokutya ngu-10m / min, 15m / min, 24m / min, 240m / min; Isisombululo yi-0.01mm, 0.001mm, kunye ne-0.0001mm. Ezi zalathi zihlukile, kwaye amaxabiso nawo ahluke. Kufuneka zisekelwe kwiimfuno zangempela zesixhobo somatshini. Umzekelo, kumatshini wokujika jikelele, ii-axes ezi-2 okanye ezi-4 (umphathi wesixhobo esiphindwe kabini) kufuneka zikhethwe, kwaye kwiindawo ezisicaba, kufuneka kukhethwe i-axes ezi-3 okanye ngaphezulu. Sukusukela inqanaba lamva nje neliphezulu, khetha ngobulumko.
(3) Ukukhethwa kwemisebenzi
Inkqubo ye-CNC yezixhobo zomshini we-CNC inemisebenzi emininzi, kubandakanywa nemisebenzi esisiseko - imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yezixhobo ze-CNC; Umsebenzi wokukhetha - umsebenzi onokuthi abasebenzisi bakhethe kuwo. Eminye imisebenzi ikhethwa ukusombulula izinto ezahlukeneyo zomatshini, ezinye ziphucula umgangatho womatshini, ezinye ziququzelela ukucwangciswa kwenkqubo, kwaye ezinye ziphucula ukusebenza nokugcinwa kwazo. Eminye imisebenzi yokhetho inxulumene, kwaye ukukhetha olu khetho kufuna ukukhetha olunye ukhetho. Ngoko ke, ukhetho kufuneka lusekelwe kwiimfuno zoyilo lwesixhobo somatshini. Musa ukukhetha imisebenzi emininzi ngaphandle kokuhlalutya, kwaye ushiye imisebenzi efanelekileyo, eya kunciphisa ukusebenza kwesixhobo somatshini we-CNC kwaye ibangele ilahleko engeyomfuneko.
Kukho iindidi ezimbini zabalawuli abacwangciswayo kumsebenzi wokukhetha: eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kunye nokuzimela. Kungcono ukhethe uhlobo lwangaphakathi, oluneemodeli ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, ukhetho kufuneka lusekelwe kwinani leengeniso kunye neziphumo zesignali phakathi kwesixhobo se-CNC kunye nesixhobo somatshini. Inani elikhethiweyo lamanqaku kufuneka libe phezulu kancinci kunelona nani lamanqaku, kwaye enye indebe inokufuna ukusebenza okongeziweyo kunye nokuguqulwa kokulawula. Okwesibini, kuyimfuneko ukuqikelela ubungakanani beenkqubo ezilandelelanayo kwaye ukhethe umthamo wokugcina. Ubungakanani beprogram buyanda kunye nobunzima besixhobo somatshini, kunye nomthamo wokugcina uyanda. Kufuneka ikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokwemeko ethile. Kukwakho nemigaqo yobugcisa efana nexesha lokuqhuba, umsebenzi womyalelo, isibali-xesha, ikhawuntara, i-relay yangaphakathi, njl. njl., kwaye ubungakanani kufuneka buhlangabezane neemfuno zoyilo.
(4) Ukukhetha ixabiso
Amazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nabavelisi besixhobo se-CNC bavelisa iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso ezinomahluko omkhulu wamaxabiso. Ngokusekelwe ekukhethweni kweentlobo zolawulo, ukusebenza, kunye nemisebenzi, uhlalutyo olubanzi lomlinganiselo wexabiso lokusebenza kufuneka lwenziwe ukukhetha izixhobo ze-CNC ezinomlinganiselo ophezulu wexabiso lokusebenza ukwenzela ukunciphisa iindleko.
(5) Ukukhethwa kweenkonzo zobugcisa
Xa ukhetha izixhobo ze-CNC ezihlangabezana neemfuno zobugcisa, ingqwalasela kufuneka iqwalaselwe kwigama lomenzi, ukuba ngaba imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa kwemveliso kunye namanye amaxwebhu agqityiwe, kwaye ngaba kunokwenzeka ukubonelela ngoqeqesho kubasebenzisi kwiprogram, ukusebenza kunye nabasebenzi bokulondoloza. Ngaba likhona isebe lenkonzo yobugcisa elizinikeleyo elibonelela ngamacandelo exesha elide kunye neenkonzo zokugcinwa kwangexesha ukuze kwandiswe iinzuzo zobugcisa nezoqoqosho.
2, Ukukhetha idrive feed
(1) Okuphambili kufuneka kunikwe ekusebenziseni iimotor ze-AC servo
Kuba xa ithelekiswa neemoto ze-DC, ine-rotor inertia encinci, impendulo eguquguqukayo engcono, amandla aphezulu aphumayo, isantya esiphezulu, ulwakhiwo olulula, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye nokusingqongileyo okungathintelwanga kwesicelo.
(2) Bala iimeko zomthwalo
Khetha ingcaciso ye-servo motor efanelekileyo ngokubala ngokuchanekileyo iimeko zomthwalo osetyenziswa kwi-motor shaft.
(3) Khetha iyunithi yokulawula isantya esihambelanayo
Umenzi we-feed drive ubonelela ngeseti epheleleyo yeemveliso zeyunithi yokulawula izinga lokutya kunye ne-servo motor eveliswayo, ke emva kokukhetha i-servo motor, iyunithi yokulawula isantya ehambelanayo ikhethwa ngokwencwadana yemveliso.
3, Ukukhethwa kwe-spindle drive
（1） Umba ophambili kufuneka unikwe kwiimotor eziqhelekileyo zokusonta
Kuba ayinayo imida yokutshintsha, isantya esiphezulu, kunye nomthamo omkhulu njengeemoto ze-DC spindle, inoluhlu olubanzi lolawulo lwesantya samandla, ingxolo ephantsi, kwaye iyabiza. Okwangoku, i-85% yezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC kumazwe ngamazwe zisebenzisa i-AC spindle drive.
(2) Khetha i-spindle motor njengoko kufuneka
① Bala amandla okusika ngokusekelwe kwizixhobo zoomatshini ezahlukeneyo, kwaye injini ekhethiweyo kufuneka ihlangabezane nale mfuneko; ② Ngokwexesha elifunekayo lokunyuka kwe-spindle kunye nexesha lokunciphisa, bala ukuba amandla emoto akufanele adlule ubuninzi bamandla aphumayo emoto; ③ Kwiimeko apho ukuqalisa rhoqo kunye nokuqhawuka kwentonga yokusonta kufuneka, umlinganiselo wamandla kufuneka ubalwe, kwaye ixabiso lawo alinako ukugqitha umlinganiselo oqhubekayo wokuphuma kwamandla emoto; ④ Kwiimeko apho ukulawulwa komphezulu okuthe gqolo kufunwa, isixa samandla okusika afunekayo kulawulo lwesantya esingaguqukiyo somphezulu kunye namandla afunekayo ukukhawulezisa kufuneka abe ngaphakathi koluhlu lwamandla olunokubonelela ngemoto.
(3) Khetha iyunithi yokulawula isantya sokusonta esihambelanayo
Umenzi we-spindle drive ubonelela ngeseti epheleleyo yeemveliso zeyunithi yokulawula isantya sokusonta kunye nemoto yokuphotha eveliswayo. Ke ngoko, emva kokukhetha i-spindle motor, iyunithi yokulawula isantya se-spindle ehambelanayo ikhethwa ngokwencwadi yemveliso.
(4) Khetha indlela yokulawula indlela
Xa ukulawulwa kolwalathiso lwe-spindle kuyadingeka, i-encoder yendawo okanye inzwa yamagnetic inokukhethwa ngokwemeko yangempela yesixhobo somatshini ukufezekisa ulawulo lwe-spindle directional.
4, Ukukhethwa kwamacandelo okubona
(1) Khetha indlela yokulinganisa
Ngokwesicwangciso sokulawula isikhundla senkqubo ye-CNC, ukufuduka komgca wesixhobo somatshini kulinganiswa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo, kwaye kukhethwe umgca okanye amacandelo okukhangela okujikelezayo. Okwangoku, izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zisebenzisa ngokubanzi ulawulo lwe-loop oluvaliweyo, zisebenzisa i-rotary angle measuring components (i-rotary transformers, i-pulse encoders).
(2) Cinga ngokuchaneka kunye nesantya
Ngokweemfuno zezixhobo zomshini we-CNC, nokuba ufumanisa ukuchaneka okanye ukukhawuleza, khetha indawo okanye amacandelo okukhangela isantya (i-generator yokuvavanya, i-pulse encoders). Ngokuqhelekileyo, izixhobo zoomatshini ezinkulu zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zesantya, ngelixa izixhobo zomatshini ezichanekileyo kunye nezincinci kunye neziphakathi zenzelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuchaneka. Isisombululo secandelo elikhethiweyo lobhaqo ngokuqhelekileyo lulandelelwano olunye lobukhulu obuphezulu kunobuchwephesha bokuchaneka.
(3) Khetha iikhowudi ze-pulse ezihambelanayo
Khetha iinkcukacha ezihambelanayo zeekhowudi ze-pulse ezisekelwe kwibhola ye-screw pitch yesixhobo somatshini we-CNC, isantya esisezantsi sentshukumo yenkqubo ye-CNC, umphindaphindi womyalelo, kunye nokuphindaphinda ukufumanisa.
(4) Qwalasela iisekethe zojongano
Xa ukhetha amacandelo okubona, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba isixhobo se-CNC sineesekethe ezihambelanayo zojongano.