"Ukuqonda ngokunzulu amaZiko oMatshini we-CNC: IiMfuno zoLwazi kunye nezinto eziluncedo eziZodwa"
Ngexesha lophuhliso oluphezulu lweshishini kule mihla, amaziko omatshini e-CNC, njengesixhobo sokusetyenzwa phambili, adlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ukuba umntu ufuna ukuzuza impumelelo ebalaseleyo kwicandelo lomatshini we-CNC, ukufunda nzulu kunye nokuqonda kakuhle amaziko omatshini e-CNC kubalulekile, kwaye oku kufuna ukuba nolwazi kwiinkalo ezininzi.
Ulwazi lwejometri yesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, ngakumbi i-trigonometry, lilitye lembombo elibalulekileyo lokufunda amaziko omatshini e-CNC. I-Trigonometry isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekubaleni ubungakanani, i-engile yamalungu kunye nokucwangcisa indlela yokucubungula. Umzekelo, xa sifuna ukusetyenzwa kwenxalenye yomhlaba nge-engile ethambekileyo, kufuneka sisebenzise i-trigonometry ukubala ngokuchanekileyo umkhondo wokuhamba kwesixhobo kunye nobunzulu bokusika. Omnye umzekelo kukuba xa ujongene neendawo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-arc, i-trigonometry ingasinceda ngokuchanekileyo i-radius ye-arc, ulungelelwaniso lweziko, kunye neeparitha zokucubungula ezihambelanayo, ngaloo ndlela siqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho wamacandelo.
Ulwazi olulula lwesiNgesi lukwanayo nendawo yalo ekufundeni kwamaziko omatshini e-CNC. Kule mihla, iinkqubo ezininzi eziphambili ze-CNC kunye nesoftware enxulumeneyo zisebenzisa ujongano lwesiNgesi kunye nemiyalelo. Ukuqonda isigama sesiNgesi esiqhelekileyo esifana ne "isantya sokutya" (isantya sokutya), "isantya sokujikeleza" (isantya sokujikeleza kwe-spindle), "i-tool offset" (imbuyekezo yesixhobo), njl., yenza ukuba abaqhubi basebenzisane nezixhobo ngokucokisekileyo, baqonde ngokuchanekileyo kwaye babeke iiparitha ezahlukeneyo, kwaye bagweme iimpazamo zokusebenza ezibangelwa yimiqobo yolwimi. Ngaphezu koko, ngotshintshiselwano oluthe gqolo kunye nentsebenziswano kushishino lwemveliso lwamazwe ngamazwe, ukuba nenqanaba elithile lobuchule besiNgesi luncedo ekufumaneni ulwazi lwamva nje lweshishini kunye nemathiriyeli yobugcisa, ngaloo ndlela iphucula inqanaba lobugcisa lomntu.
Ulwazi olusisiseko lwemigaqo yokuzoba lukwabalulekile ekulawuleni amaziko omatshini eCNC. Ngokufunda imigaqo yokuzoba, sinokufunda kunye nokuzoba imizobo yobunjineli entsonkothileyo, siqonde ulwazi oluphambili olufana nolwakhiwo, ubungakanani, kunye nokunyamezelana kwamalungu. Oku kufana nje nokubonelela “ngemephu yokukhangela” echanekileyo yokusebenza kweziko lomatshini. Umzekelo, xa sijongene nomzobo wecandelo elineenkcukacha, sinokubona ngokucacileyo imilo, ubudlelwane bendawo, kunye neemfuno zobungakanani bophawu ngalunye, ngokwenza oko sicwangcisa ngokufanelekileyo itekhnoloji yokucubungula kunye nokukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuqonda ulwazi lomzobo kukwaluncedo ekuyileni nasekuphuculeni iinxalenye, ukukwazi ukuguqula ngokuchanekileyo iimbono zibe yimizobo enokwenziwa kunye nokubeka isiseko esiluqilima somsebenzi wokulungisa olandelayo.
Ukunyamezelana kunye nokufaneleka kunye nolwazi olufanelekileyo lukwanokubaluleka okubalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kwamaziko omatshini e-CNC. Ukunyamezelana kunye nokufaneleka kumisela ukuchaneka kwendibano kunye nokutshintshana phakathi kwamalungu. Ukuqonda ingcamango kunye nokumakisha indlela yokunyamezela kusenza sikwazi ukulawula ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional yamacandelo ngexesha lenkqubo yokucubungula kwaye siqinisekise ukuba iinxalenye zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezilindelekileyo zokusebenza ngexesha lokuhlanganisa. Ulwazi olufanelekileyo lusinika ukuqonda okucacileyo kunye namava okusebenza okusebenzayo okulungiswa koomatshini. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-fitter, sifunda indlela yokusebenzisa izixhobo zezandla ukwenzela ukusetyenzwa okulula, ukudibanisa, kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo, okusinceda ukuba siqonde ngcono isibonelelo sokulungiswa kunye nokulandelelana kwenkqubo kumatshini we-CNC, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho.
Olunye ulwazi lwemigaqo yoomatshini, njengoomatshini, isayensi yezinto, kunye nokuhanjiswa koomatshini, ibonelela ngenkxaso yethiyori yokuqonda nzulu umgaqo wokusebenza kunye neempawu zokusebenza zamaziko omatshini e-CNC. Ulwazi lweMechanics lunokusinceda ukuba sihlalutye amandla okusika, amandla okubamba, kunye neemeko zokunyanzeliswa kwesakhiwo sesixhobo somatshini ngexesha lenkqubo yokucubungula, ngaloo ndlela siphucula iiparitha zokucubungula kunye noyilo lokulungiswa. Ulwazi lwenzululwazi yezeMathiriyeli lusenza sikwazi ukukhetha imathiriyeli efanelekileyo kwaye senze iindlela ezihambelanayo zokusetyenzwa ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zokusetyenziswa kunye neempawu zokusetyenzwa kwamalungu. Kwaye ulwazi lokuhambisa ngoomatshini luvumela ukuba siqonde ubudlelwane bokuhanjiswa kwentshukumo phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo omatshini womatshini, oluncedo ekuxilongeni ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokugcinwa xa izixhobo zingasebenzi kakuhle.
Amaziko omatshini e-CNC aphuhliswe koomatshini bokungqusha be-CNC. Xa kuthelekiswa noomatshini be-CNC abakruqulayo nabasilayo, ineengenelo ezizodwa. Eyona nto iphawulekayo kukukwazi ukutshintshiselana ngokuzenzekelayo izixhobo zokusebenza. Ngokufakela izixhobo zokusetyenziswa okuhlukeneyo kwimagazini yesixhobo, ngexesha lokudibanisa enye, isixhobo sokucubungula kwi-spindle sitshintshwa ngesixhobo sokutshintsha isixhobo esizenzekelayo ukufezekisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokucubungula. Esi sixhobo sokutshintsha isixhobo esizenzekelayo siphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye sinciphisa inkcitho yexesha kunye neempazamo zokuchaneka okubangelwa lutshintsho lwesixhobo semanuwali.
Umzekelo, xa kusetyenzwa indawo entsonkothileyo, kunokuba yimfuneko ukwenza ngokulandelelana iinkqubo ezininzi ezinje ngokugaya, ukugrumba, ukudika, kunye nokucofa. Izixhobo zoomatshini bemveli kufuneka ziyeke kutshintsho lwenkqubo nganye, zitshintshe ngesandla izixhobo, kwaye emva koko zilungelelanise kwaye zilungelelanise iiparamitha zokulungisa. Oku akudli nje ixesha elininzi kodwa kwazisa iimpazamo zabantu ngokulula. Nangona kunjalo, amaziko omatshini we-CNC angakwazi ukugqiba ngokuzenzekelayo ukutshintshwa kwesixhobo phantsi kolawulo lweprogram kwaye agcine ngokuchanekileyo indawo ehambelanayo kunye neeparitha zokucubungula isixhobo kunye ne-workpiece, ngaloo ndlela eqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kunye nokuchaneka kokuchaneka kokulungiswa.
Amaziko omatshini e-CNC aqulunqwe zizixhobo zoomatshini kunye neenkqubo ze-CNC kwaye zizixhobo zoomatshini ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo ezilungele ukusetyenzwa kwamacandelo anzima. Inxalenye yesixhobo soomatshini ibandakanya ibhedi yomatshini, ikholamu, i-worktable, ibhokisi yokuphotha, imagazini yesixhobo, njl.njl. Uyilo lwesakhiwo kunye nokuchaneka kokuveliswa kwala macandelo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kunye nokuchaneka kokusebenza kwesixhobo somatshini. Inkqubo ye-CNC "yingqondo" yesixhobo somatshini, ojongene nokulawula umzila wokuhamba, iiparitha zokucubungula, kunye nembuyekezo yesixhobo somatshini.
Kwinkqubo yokwenyani, isakhono sokusebenza esibanzi samaziko omatshini e-CNC sibalasele. I-workpiece inokugqiba imixholo yokucubungula ngakumbi emva kokubamba enye, kwaye ukuchaneka kokucubungula kuphezulu. Kwi-batch workpieces yobunzima bokucubungula okuphakathi, ukusebenza kwayo kumaxesha ama-5 ukuya kwali-10 kunezixhobo eziqhelekileyo. Ngokukodwa xa ujongana ne-single-piece processing okanye i-batch encinci kunye ne-medium-batch multi-variety imveliso eneemilo ezintsonkothileyo kunye neemfuno ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo, amaziko omatshini we-CNC anokubonisa ngcono iingenelo zabo ezizodwa.
Umzekelo, kwibala le-aerospace, iimilo zamalungu zihlala zintsonkothe kakhulu, iimfuno ezichanekileyo ziphezulu kakhulu, kwaye zihlala ziveliswa kwiibhetshi ezincinci. Amaziko omatshini e-CNC anokuqhuba ngokuchanekileyo imiphezulu eyahlukeneyo egobileyo kunye nezakhiwo ezisekwe kwimodeli enemigangatho emithathu yamacandelo, eqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza kunye nomgangatho wamalungu ahlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo ye-aerospace. Kwishishini lokuvelisa iimoto, ukusetyenzwa kwamacandelo aphambili afana neebhloko zenjini kunye neentloko ze-cylinder nazo zisebenza ngokubanzi kumaziko omatshini e-CNC. Amandla ayo okusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu angahlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso yeemoto ezinkulu.
Ukongezelela, amaziko omatshini e-CNC axhotyiswe ngemagazini yesixhobo, egcina ubuninzi obuhlukeneyo bezixhobo ezahlukeneyo okanye izixhobo zokuhlola, kwaye zikhethwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye zitshintshwe yiprogram ngexesha lokucubungula. Eli nqaku livumela isixhobo somatshini ukuba sitshintshe ngokukhawuleza izixhobo phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle kokungenelela ngesandla, ukuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwemveliso. Ngaphezu koko, ngokucwangcisa ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo kwimagazini yesixhobo, ukuqhutyelwa kwenkqubo edibeneyo yeenkqubo ezininzi kunokufezekiswa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokwenziwa kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo.
Ukuqukumbela, njengenye yezixhobo ezingundoqo kwimveliso yanamhlanje, amaziko omatshini e-CNC anamandla okusebenza kunye nethemba elibanzi lokusetyenziswa. Ukufezekisa iziphumo ezigqwesileyo kweli candelo, kuyafuneka ukuba ube nolwazi oluphangaleleyo kwimiba emininzi, kubandakanya ijometri yesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, isiNgesi, imigaqo yokuzoba, ukunyamezelana kunye nokufaneleka, ukufaneleka, kunye neminye imigaqo yomatshini. Kungale ndlela kuphela apho iingenelo zamaziko omatshini e-CNC anokwenziwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye igalelo lenziwe kuphuhliso loshishino lokuvelisa.