"Inkcazo eneenkcukacha yeZixhobo zokuQala kunye neTekhnoloji yokuLungiselela i-CNC Milling Machines"
I. Intshayelelo
Ekuqhutyweni koomatshini bokugaya i-CNC, ukubuyisela kwakhona yindlela ebalulekileyo yokugqiba isiqingatha kunye nokugqiba imingxuma. Ukukhethwa okufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zokuvuselela kunye nokuzimisela okuchanekileyo kweeparamitha zokusika kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuchaneka komatshini kunye nomgangatho womphezulu wemingxuma. Eli nqaku liza kwazisa ngokweenkcukacha iimpawu zezixhobo zokuphinda zibuyele koomatshini bokugaya i-CNC, iiparamitha zokusika, ukhetho lokupholisa, kunye neemfuno zetekhnoloji yokucubungula.
Ekuqhutyweni koomatshini bokugaya i-CNC, ukubuyisela kwakhona yindlela ebalulekileyo yokugqiba isiqingatha kunye nokugqiba imingxuma. Ukukhethwa okufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zokuvuselela kunye nokuzimisela okuchanekileyo kweeparamitha zokusika kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuchaneka komatshini kunye nomgangatho womphezulu wemingxuma. Eli nqaku liza kwazisa ngokweenkcukacha iimpawu zezixhobo zokuphinda zibuyele koomatshini bokugaya i-CNC, iiparamitha zokusika, ukhetho lokupholisa, kunye neemfuno zetekhnoloji yokucubungula.
II. Ukuqulunqwa kunye neempawu zokuQala iZixhobo zokuQala kwi-CNC Milling Machines
Umxhasi womatshini osemgangathweni
Umatshini oqhelekileyo wokubuyisela umatshini uqulunqwe yinxalenye yokusebenza, intamo, kunye ne-shank. Kukho iifom ezintathu ze-shank: i-shank eqondileyo, i-taper shank, kunye nohlobo lwemikhono, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokubethelwa koomatshini bokungqusha be-CNC.
Inxalenye yokusebenza (inxalenye yokusika) ye-reamer ihlulwe ibe yinxalenye yokusika kunye nenxalenye yokulinganisa. Inxalenye yokusika i-conical kwaye yenza umsebenzi oyintloko wokusika. Inxalenye yokulinganisa ibandakanya i-cylinder kunye ne-cone inverted. Inxalenye ye-cylindrical idlala indima yokukhokela i-reamer, ukulinganisa umngxuma owenziwe ngomatshini, kunye nokupolisha. I-cone inverted ikakhulu idlala indima yokunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-reamer kunye nodonga lomngxuma kunye nokuthintela i-diameter yomngxuma ekukhuliseni.
Ireyiri enomphetho omnye kunye ne-indexable carbide efakwe
I-reamer-edged-edged remer ene-indexable carbide inserts ine-high cut performance esebenzayo kunye nokuqina. Ufakelo lunokutshintshwa, ukunciphisa iindleko zesixhobo.
Kufanelekile ukucubungula izinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu, njengensimbi ye-alloy, insimbi engenasici, njl.
Isivuseleli esidadayo
I-reamer edadayo inokulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo iziko kwaye ihlawule ukutenxa phakathi kwesixhobo sokuphotha somatshini kunye nomngxuma wokusebenza, ukuphucula ukuchaneka kokubuyisela kwakhona.
Ilungele ngokukodwa imicimbi yokucubungula kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zokuchaneka kwendawo yomngxuma.
Umxhasi womatshini osemgangathweni
Umatshini oqhelekileyo wokubuyisela umatshini uqulunqwe yinxalenye yokusebenza, intamo, kunye ne-shank. Kukho iifom ezintathu ze-shank: i-shank eqondileyo, i-taper shank, kunye nohlobo lwemikhono, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokubethelwa koomatshini bokungqusha be-CNC.
Inxalenye yokusebenza (inxalenye yokusika) ye-reamer ihlulwe ibe yinxalenye yokusika kunye nenxalenye yokulinganisa. Inxalenye yokusika i-conical kwaye yenza umsebenzi oyintloko wokusika. Inxalenye yokulinganisa ibandakanya i-cylinder kunye ne-cone inverted. Inxalenye ye-cylindrical idlala indima yokukhokela i-reamer, ukulinganisa umngxuma owenziwe ngomatshini, kunye nokupolisha. I-cone inverted ikakhulu idlala indima yokunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-reamer kunye nodonga lomngxuma kunye nokuthintela i-diameter yomngxuma ekukhuliseni.
Ireyiri enomphetho omnye kunye ne-indexable carbide efakwe
I-reamer-edged-edged remer ene-indexable carbide inserts ine-high cut performance esebenzayo kunye nokuqina. Ufakelo lunokutshintshwa, ukunciphisa iindleko zesixhobo.
Kufanelekile ukucubungula izinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu, njengensimbi ye-alloy, insimbi engenasici, njl.
Isivuseleli esidadayo
I-reamer edadayo inokulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo iziko kwaye ihlawule ukutenxa phakathi kwesixhobo sokuphotha somatshini kunye nomngxuma wokusebenza, ukuphucula ukuchaneka kokubuyisela kwakhona.
Ilungele ngokukodwa imicimbi yokucubungula kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zokuchaneka kwendawo yomngxuma.
III. Ukusika iiParameters zokuReaming kwi-CNC Milling Machines
Ubunzulu bokusika
Ubunzulu bokusika buthathwa njengesibonelelo sokubuyisela kwakhona. Isibonelelo se-rough reming yi-0.15 - 0.35mm, kunye ne-final reming allowance yi-0.05 - 0.15mm. Ukulawulwa okunengqiqo kobunzulu bokusikwa kunokuqinisekisa umgangatho womatshini wokuphinda uphinde uphephe umonakalo wesixhobo okanye ukuncipha komgangatho womngxuma womngxuma ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa kwamandla okusika.
Ukusika isantya
Xa iinxalenye zetsimbi ezihlaziyiweyo, isantya sokusika ngokuqhelekileyo si-5 - 7m / min; xa ukulungiswa kakuhle, isantya sokusika si-2 - 5m / min. Kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, isantya sokusika kufuneka silungiswe ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa kusetyenzwa iinxalenye zentsimbi, isantya sokusika sinokuncitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo.
Izinga lokutya
Umyinge wesondlo ngokubanzi ngu-0.2 - 1.2mm. Ukuba izinga lokutya lincinci kakhulu, i-slippage kunye ne-gnawing phenomena iya kwenzeka, echaphazela umgangatho ophezulu womngxuma; ukuba izinga lokutya likhulu kakhulu, amandla okusika aya kwanda, okukhokelela ekunxityweni kwesixhobo esibi. Kwinkqubo yokwenyani, ireyithi yesondlo kufuneka ikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokwezinto ezinje ngemathiriyeli ye-workpiece, ubukhulu bomngxuma, kunye neemfuno zokuchaneka komatshini.
Ubunzulu bokusika
Ubunzulu bokusika buthathwa njengesibonelelo sokubuyisela kwakhona. Isibonelelo se-rough reming yi-0.15 - 0.35mm, kunye ne-final reming allowance yi-0.05 - 0.15mm. Ukulawulwa okunengqiqo kobunzulu bokusikwa kunokuqinisekisa umgangatho womatshini wokuphinda uphinde uphephe umonakalo wesixhobo okanye ukuncipha komgangatho womngxuma womngxuma ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa kwamandla okusika.
Ukusika isantya
Xa iinxalenye zetsimbi ezihlaziyiweyo, isantya sokusika ngokuqhelekileyo si-5 - 7m / min; xa ukulungiswa kakuhle, isantya sokusika si-2 - 5m / min. Kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, isantya sokusika kufuneka silungiswe ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa kusetyenzwa iinxalenye zentsimbi, isantya sokusika sinokuncitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo.
Izinga lokutya
Umyinge wesondlo ngokubanzi ngu-0.2 - 1.2mm. Ukuba izinga lokutya lincinci kakhulu, i-slippage kunye ne-gnawing phenomena iya kwenzeka, echaphazela umgangatho ophezulu womngxuma; ukuba izinga lokutya likhulu kakhulu, amandla okusika aya kwanda, okukhokelela ekunxityweni kwesixhobo esibi. Kwinkqubo yokwenyani, ireyithi yesondlo kufuneka ikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokwezinto ezinje ngemathiriyeli ye-workpiece, ubukhulu bomngxuma, kunye neemfuno zokuchaneka komatshini.
IV. UKhetho olupholileyo
Ukujonga kwintsimbi
Ulwelo lwe-Emulsified lufanelekile ukubuyisela kwakhona kwintsimbi. Ulwelo lwe-Emulsified lunokupholisa okulungileyo, ukuthambisa, kunye neempawu zobungqina bokuhlwa, ezinokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu bokusika, ukunciphisa ukunxiba kwesixhobo, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho womphezulu wemingxuma.
Ukujonga kwiindawo zentsimbi
Ngamanye amaxesha i-kerosene isetyenziselwa ukuphinda kufakwe iintsimbi. I-kerosene ineempawu ezilungileyo zokuthambisa kwaye inokunciphisa ukukhuhlana phakathi kwe-reamer kunye nodonga lomngxuma kwaye ithintele i-diameter yomngxuma ekukhuliseni. Nangona kunjalo, umphumo wokupholisa we-kerosene umbi kakhulu, kwaye ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe ekulawuleni ubushushu bokusika ngexesha lokucubungula.
Ukujonga kwintsimbi
Ulwelo lwe-Emulsified lufanelekile ukubuyisela kwakhona kwintsimbi. Ulwelo lwe-Emulsified lunokupholisa okulungileyo, ukuthambisa, kunye neempawu zobungqina bokuhlwa, ezinokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu bokusika, ukunciphisa ukunxiba kwesixhobo, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho womphezulu wemingxuma.
Ukujonga kwiindawo zentsimbi
Ngamanye amaxesha i-kerosene isetyenziselwa ukuphinda kufakwe iintsimbi. I-kerosene ineempawu ezilungileyo zokuthambisa kwaye inokunciphisa ukukhuhlana phakathi kwe-reamer kunye nodonga lomngxuma kwaye ithintele i-diameter yomngxuma ekukhuliseni. Nangona kunjalo, umphumo wokupholisa we-kerosene umbi kakhulu, kwaye ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe ekulawuleni ubushushu bokusika ngexesha lokucubungula.
V. IiMfuno zeTekhnoloji zokuLungisa ukuQinisa kwi-CNC yokuSila oomatshini
Ukuchaneka kwendawo yomngxuma
Ukuhlaziya ngokubanzi akunako ukulungisa impazamo yendawo yomngxuma. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokubuyisela kwakhona, ukuchaneka kwendawo yomngxuma kufuneka kuqinisekiswe yinkqubo yangaphambili. Ngexesha lokucubungula, ukubeka i-workpiece kufuneka ichaneke kwaye inokwethenjelwa ukuphepha ukuchaphazela ukuchaneka kwendawo yomngxuma ngenxa yokunyakaza komsebenzi.
Kusetyenzwa ngokulandelelana
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuphinda kuhlawulwe ngokutsha kwenziwa kuqala, kuze emva koko kulungiswe kakuhle. Ukulungisa izinto ezirhabaxa ubukhulu becala kususa uninzi lwesibonelelo kwaye kubonelela ngesiseko esilungileyo sokulungisa kwakhona. Ukuphinda kuphinde kuphuculwe ngakumbi ukuchaneka komatshini kunye nomgangatho womphezulu womngxuma.
Ukufakwa kunye nokulungiswa kwezixhobo
Xa ufaka i-reamer, qinisekisa ukuba uxhulumaniso phakathi kwe-shank yesixhobo kunye ne-spindle yesixhobo somatshini luqinile kwaye luthembekile. Ukuphakama kweziko lesixhobo kufuneka kuhambelane nokuphakama kweziko le-workpiece ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwakhona.
Ukwenzela iireamers ezidadayo, hlengahlengisa uluhlu oludadayo ngokweemfuno zokusetyenzwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sinokuhlengahlengisa iziko ngokuzenzekelayo.
Ukubeka iliso kunye nokulawula ngexesha lokucubungula
Ngexesha lokucubungula, nikela ingqalelo kwiiparamitha ezinje ngokusika amandla, ubushushu bokusika, kunye nokutshintsha kobungakanani bomngxuma. Ukuba iimeko ezingaqhelekanga zifunyenwe, lungisa iiparitha zokusika okanye utshintshe isixhobo ngexesha.
Jonga rhoqo imeko yokunxiba ye-reamer kwaye ubeke endaweni yesixhobo esigugile kakhulu ngexesha lokuqinisekisa umgangatho wokucubungula.
Ukuchaneka kwendawo yomngxuma
Ukuhlaziya ngokubanzi akunako ukulungisa impazamo yendawo yomngxuma. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokubuyisela kwakhona, ukuchaneka kwendawo yomngxuma kufuneka kuqinisekiswe yinkqubo yangaphambili. Ngexesha lokucubungula, ukubeka i-workpiece kufuneka ichaneke kwaye inokwethenjelwa ukuphepha ukuchaphazela ukuchaneka kwendawo yomngxuma ngenxa yokunyakaza komsebenzi.
Kusetyenzwa ngokulandelelana
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuphinda kuhlawulwe ngokutsha kwenziwa kuqala, kuze emva koko kulungiswe kakuhle. Ukulungisa izinto ezirhabaxa ubukhulu becala kususa uninzi lwesibonelelo kwaye kubonelela ngesiseko esilungileyo sokulungisa kwakhona. Ukuphinda kuphinde kuphuculwe ngakumbi ukuchaneka komatshini kunye nomgangatho womphezulu womngxuma.
Ukufakwa kunye nokulungiswa kwezixhobo
Xa ufaka i-reamer, qinisekisa ukuba uxhulumaniso phakathi kwe-shank yesixhobo kunye ne-spindle yesixhobo somatshini luqinile kwaye luthembekile. Ukuphakama kweziko lesixhobo kufuneka kuhambelane nokuphakama kweziko le-workpiece ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwakhona.
Ukwenzela iireamers ezidadayo, hlengahlengisa uluhlu oludadayo ngokweemfuno zokusetyenzwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sinokuhlengahlengisa iziko ngokuzenzekelayo.
Ukubeka iliso kunye nokulawula ngexesha lokucubungula
Ngexesha lokucubungula, nikela ingqalelo kwiiparamitha ezinje ngokusika amandla, ubushushu bokusika, kunye nokutshintsha kobungakanani bomngxuma. Ukuba iimeko ezingaqhelekanga zifunyenwe, lungisa iiparitha zokusika okanye utshintshe isixhobo ngexesha.
Jonga rhoqo imeko yokunxiba ye-reamer kwaye ubeke endaweni yesixhobo esigugile kakhulu ngexesha lokuqinisekisa umgangatho wokucubungula.
VI. Ukuqukumbela
Reaming kumatshini wokugaya i-CNC yindlela ebalulekileyo yokucubungula umngxuma. Ukukhetha okunengqiqo kwezixhobo zokubuyisela kwakhona, ukuzimisela kweeparamitha zokusika kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto ezipholileyo, kunye nokuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo kunye neemfuno zeteknoloji yokucubungula kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuchaneka komatshini kunye nomgangatho womphezulu wemingxuma. Kwinkqubo yokwenyani, ngokwezinto ezinje ngemathiriyeli yesixhobo sokusebenza, ubungakanani bomngxuma, kunye neemfuno zokuchaneka, izinto ezahlukeneyo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokucokisekileyo ukuze kukhethwe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuphinda ziphinde zisebenze kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuqhuba ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho. Kwangaxeshanye, ngokuqhubekayo uqokelela amava okusebenza kunye nokwandisa iiparamitha zokusetyenzwa ukubonelela ngenkxaso eyomeleleyo yokusetyenzwa kakuhle koomatshini bokugaya i-CNC.
Reaming kumatshini wokugaya i-CNC yindlela ebalulekileyo yokucubungula umngxuma. Ukukhetha okunengqiqo kwezixhobo zokubuyisela kwakhona, ukuzimisela kweeparamitha zokusika kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto ezipholileyo, kunye nokuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo kunye neemfuno zeteknoloji yokucubungula kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuchaneka komatshini kunye nomgangatho womphezulu wemingxuma. Kwinkqubo yokwenyani, ngokwezinto ezinje ngemathiriyeli yesixhobo sokusebenza, ubungakanani bomngxuma, kunye neemfuno zokuchaneka, izinto ezahlukeneyo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokucokisekileyo ukuze kukhethwe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuphinda ziphinde zisebenze kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuqhuba ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho. Kwangaxeshanye, ngokuqhubekayo uqokelela amava okusebenza kunye nokwandisa iiparamitha zokusetyenzwa ukubonelela ngenkxaso eyomeleleyo yokusetyenzwa kakuhle koomatshini bokugaya i-CNC.