Intshayelelo eneenkcukacha kwiintlobo zoomatshini bokugaya
Njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo somatshini wokusika isinyithi, umatshini wokugaya udlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwintsimi yokulungiswa koomatshini. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zayo, kwaye uhlobo ngalunye lunesakhiwo esisodwa kunye noluhlu lwesicelo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa.
I. Ihlelwa ngokoLwakhiwo
(1) Umatshini wokugaya ibhentshi
Umatshini wokugaya ibhentshi ngumatshini wokugaya omncinci, odla ngokusetyenziselwa ukugaya iindawo ezincinci, ezifana nezixhobo kunye neemitha. Isakhiwo sayo silula, kwaye umthamo wayo uncinci, olungele ukusebenza kwindawo encinci yokusebenza. Ngenxa yomthamo wayo onyiniweyo wokusetyenzwa, ilungele ikakhulu umsebenzi olula wokusila oneemfuno ezichanekileyo ezisezantsi.
Umzekelo, ekuvelisweni kwezixhobo ezincinci zombane, umatshini wokungqusha ibhentshi unokusetyenziselwa ukucubungula iigrooves ezilula okanye imingxuma kwiqokobhe.
(2) Cantilever Milling Machine
Intloko yokugaya umatshini wokugaya i-cantilever ifakwe kwi-cantilever, kwaye ibhedi ihlelwe ngokuthe tye. I-cantilever inokuthi ihambe ngokuthe nkqo ecaleni komzila wesikhokelo sekholomu kwelinye icala lebhedi, ngelixa intloko yokugaya ihamba kunye nomzila wesikhokelo se-cantilever. Esi sakhiwo senza ukuba umatshini wokugaya i-cantilever ube bhetyebhetye ngakumbi ngexesha lokusebenza kwaye unokulungelelanisa ukusetyenzwa kwee-workpieces zemilo eyahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu.
Kwezinye iinkqubo zokubumba, umatshini wokugaya i-cantilever unokusetyenziselwa ukucubungula amacala okanye ezinye iindawo ezinzulu zokubumba.
(3) Umatshini wokugaya iinkunzi zeegusha
I-spindle yomshini wokugaya inkunzi ifakwe kwinkunzi yegusha, kwaye ibhedi ihlelwe ngokuthe tye. Inkunzi yegusha inokuhamba ecaleni komgaqo kaloliwe wesali, kwaye isali ingahamba ngokuthe nkqo ecaleni komgaqo kaloliwe wekholamu. Esi sakhiwo senza ukuba umatshini wokusila iinkunzi zegusha ufezekise uluhlu olukhulu lokushukuma kwaye ngaloo ndlela unokwenza ubungakanani bomsebenzi omkhulu.
Umzekelo, ekusetyenzweni kwamalungu amakhulu oomatshini, umatshini wokungqusha iinkunzi unokusila ngokuchanekileyo iindawo ezahlukeneyo zamalungu.
(4) IGantry Milling Machine
Umbhede womatshini wokugaya i-gantry ulungelelaniswe ngokuthe tye, kwaye iikholomu kumacala omabini kunye nemiqadi yokudibanisa yenza isakhiwo se-gantry. Intloko yokugaya ifakwe kwi-crossbeam kunye nekholomu kwaye inokuhamba kunye nomzila wayo wesikhokelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-crossbeam inokuhamba ngokuthe nkqo ecaleni komzila wesikhokelo sekholamu, kwaye i-worktable inokuhamba ngobude kunye nomzila wesikhokelo sebhedi. Umatshini wokugaya i-gantry unendawo enkulu yokucubungula kunye nomthamo wokuthwala kwaye ufanelekile ukucubungula ii-workpieces ezinkulu, ezifana nokubumba okukhulu kunye neebhedi zesixhobo somatshini.
Kwintsimi ye-aerospace, umatshini wokugaya i-gantry udla ngokusetyenziswa ekuqhutyweni kwamanye amacandelo amakhulu okwakhiwa.
(5) Umatshini wokuSila umphezulu (umatshini wokuSila weCNC)
Umatshini wokugaya umphezulu usetyenziselwa iinqwelomoya zokugaya kunye nokwenza iindawo, kwaye ibhedi ihlelwe ngokuthe tye. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-worktable ihamba ngobude kunye nomzila wesikhokelo sebhedi, kwaye i-spindle inokuhamba nge-axially. Umatshini wokugaya umphezulu unesakhiwo esilula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Ngelixa umatshini wokugaya umphezulu we-CNC ufezekisa ukusetyenzwa okuchanekileyo kunye nokuntsonkothileyo ngenkqubo ye-CNC.
Kwishishini lokuvelisa iimoto, umatshini wokugaya umphezulu uhlala usetyenziselwa ukucubungula iinqwelomoya zeebhloko zenjini.
(6) Umatshini wokugaya iProfayili
Umatshini wokugaya iprofayili ngumatshini wokungqusha owenza ukusetyenzwa kweprofayili kwizinto zokusebenza. Ilawula umzila wokuhamba wesixhobo sokusika ngesixhobo sokwenza iprofayili esekelwe kwimilo yethemplate okanye imodeli, ngaloo ndlela icubungula i-workpieces efana netemplate okanye imodeli. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukucubungula izixhobo zokusebenza ezineemilo ezintsonkothileyo, ezinje ngemingxuma yokubumba kunye ne-impellers.
Kwishishini lemveliso yezandla, umatshini wokugaya iprofayili unokuqhuba imisebenzi yobugcisa egqwesileyo esekwe kwimodeli eyilwe kakuhle.
(7) Umatshini wokugaya iKnee-Type
Umatshini wokusila wohlobo lwamadolo unetafile ephakamisayo enokuthi ihambe ngokuthe nkqo ecaleni komzila wesikhokelo sebhedi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-worktable kunye ne-saddle efakwe kwitafile yokuphakamisa inokuhamba ixesha elide kunye necala ngokulandelelanayo. Umatshini wokugaya idolo uguquguquka ekusebenzeni kwaye unoluhlu olubanzi lwesicelo, kwaye yenye yeentlobo eziqhelekileyo zoomatshini bokugaya.
Kwiindibano zocweyo zokucoca ngoomatshini ngokubanzi, umatshini wokusila wohlobo lwamadolo udla ngokusetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo aphakathi naphakathi.
(8) Umatshini wokugaya iRadial
Ingalo ye-radial ifakwe phezulu kwebhedi, kwaye intloko yokugaya ifakwe kwelinye icala lengalo ye-radial. Ingalo yeradial inokujikeleza kwaye ihambe kwinqwelo-moya ethe tye, kwaye intloko yokusila inokujikeleza kwi-angle ethile ekupheleni kwengalo ye-radial. Esi sakhiwo senza ukuba umatshini wokusila we-radial wenze ukucutshungulwa kokugaya kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo kunye nezikhundla kwaye ulungelelanise neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokucubungula.
Ngokomzekelo, ekuqhutyweni kweengxenye ezineengile ezikhethekileyo, umatshini wokugaya i-radial unokusebenzisa iingenelo ezikhethekileyo.
(9) Umatshini wokuSila i-Bed-Type
I-worktable yomatshini wokusila we-bed-type ayinakuphakanyiswa kwaye inokuhamba kuphela ubude kunye nomzila wesikhokelo sebhedi, ngelixa intloko yokugaya okanye ikholomu inokuhamba ngokuthe nkqo. Esi sakhiwo senza ukuba umatshini wokugaya umbhede ube nozinzo olungcono kwaye ulungele ukulungiswa okuphezulu kokugaya.
Kwinkqubo echanekileyo yomatshini, umatshini wokusila we-bed-type uhlala usetyenziselwa ukucubungula iindawo ezichanekileyo.
(10) Oomatshini abakhethekileyo bokugaya
- Umatshini wokugaya izixhobo: Ngokukhethekileyo usetyenziselwa ukubumba izixhobo zokusila, ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nobuchule bokwenza izinto ezinzima.
- Keyway Milling Machine: Ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa kwezitshixo kwiindawo zeshaft.
- Umatshini wokugaya weCam: Isetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa kweenxalenye ezinemilo yecam.
- Umatshini wokuSila weCrankshaft: Ngokukodwa usetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa kwee-crankshafts ze-injini.
- Roller Journal Milling Machine: Isetyenziselwa ukucubungula iinxalenye zejenali yeerola.
- I-Square Ingot Milling Machine: Umatshini wokusila wokusetyenzwa okuthe ngqo kwee-ingots zesikwere.
Aba matshini bokungqusha bakhethekileyo bonke bayilwe kwaye benziwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenzwa kwezinto ezithile zokusebenza kwaye banobugcisa obuphezulu kunye nokufaneleka.
II. Ihlelwa ngokoYilo lweFom kunye noluhlu lweSicelo
(1) Umatshini wokugaya idolo
Kukho iindidi ezininzi zoomatshini bokungqusha bedolo, kuquka i-universal, horizontal, kunye nethe nkqo (iCNC milling machines). I-worktable yomshini wokugaya idolo-uhlobo lwendalo yonke inokujikeleza kwi-angle ethile kwinqwelo-moya ethe tye, ukwandisa uluhlu lokucubungula. I-spindle yomshini wokusila owenziwe ngamadolo othe tyaba ulungelelaniswe ngokuthe tye kwaye ulungele ukusetyenzwa kweendiza, ii-grooves, njl njl. I-spindle yomshini wokugaya i-vertical knee-type milling ihlelwe ngokuthe nkqo kwaye ifanelekile ukucubungula iiplani, i-step surfaces, njl.
Umzekelo, kwiifektri ezincinci zokulungisa oomatshini, umatshini wokugaya idolo ungomnye wezixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye unokusetyenziselwa ukucubungula i-shaft kunye neediski ezahlukeneyo.
(2) IGantry Milling Machine
Umatshini wokugaya i-gantry uquka i-gantry milling kunye noomatshini boring, i-gantry milling kunye noomatshini bokucwangcisa, kunye noomatshini bokugaya ikholomu kabini. Umatshini wokugaya i-gantry unomsebenzi omkhulu kunye nekhono lokusika elinamandla kwaye unokucubungula iindawo ezinkulu, ezifana neebhokisi ezinkulu kunye neebhedi.
Kumashishini amakhulu okuvelisa oomatshini, umatshini wokugaya i-gantry sisixhobo esiphambili sokulungisa iindawo ezinkulu.
(3) Umatshini wokuSila weKholamu enye kunye nomatshini wokuSila ngengalo enye
Intloko yokusila ethe tyaba yomatshini wokugaya ikholomu enye inokuhamba ecaleni komzila wesikhokelo sekholamu, kwaye i-worktable izondla ngokude. Intloko yokusila ethe nkqo yomatshini wokugaya ingalo enye inokuhamba ngokuthe tye ecaleni komzila wesikhokelo se-cantilever, kwaye i-cantilever inokulungelelanisa ukuphakama kunye nomzila wesikhokelo sekholomu. Zombini umatshini wokungqusha wekholamu enye kunye noomatshini wokungqusha wengalo enye ulungele ukusetyenzwa kwamacandelo amakhulu.
Ekusetyenzisweni kwezinye izakhiwo ezinkulu zetsimbi, umatshini wokugaya ikholomu enye kunye nomatshini wokugaya ingalo enye unokudlala indima ebalulekileyo.
(4) Umatshini wokugaya izixhobo
Umatshini wokusila ngumatshini wokungqusha wedolo elincinci, osetyenziselwa izixhobo zokusebenza kunye nezinye iindawo ezincinci. Inokuchaneka okuphezulu kwaye inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokucubungula izixhobo zesixhobo.
Kwishishini lokuvelisa izixhobo kunye neemitha, umatshini wokugaya isixhobo sisixhobo sokwenza izinto ezibalulekileyo.
(5) Umatshini wokugaya izixhobo
Umatshini wokugaya izixhobo uxhotyiswe ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neentloko zokusila ezithe nkqo, iitafile zokusebenza ze-angle yendalo yonke, kunye neeplagi, kwaye unokwenza iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokubhola, ukukruqula, kunye nokubeka. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukwenza iimbumba kunye nezixhobo.
Kumashishini okuvelisa ukungunda, umatshini wokugaya isixhobo uhlala usetyenziselwa ukucubungula iindawo ezahlukeneyo zokubumba.
III. Ihlelwe ngokweNdlela yoLawulo
(1) Umatshini wokuSila iProfayili
Umatshini wokugaya iprofayili ulawula i-trajectory yentshukumo yesixhobo sokusika ngesixhobo sokwenza iprofayili ukufezekisa ukusetyenzwa kweprofayili ye-workpiece. Isixhobo seprofayili sinokuguqula ulwazi lwe-contour yethemplate okanye imodeli kwimiyalelo yokunyakaza yesixhobo sokusika ngokusekelwe kwimilo yayo.
Umzekelo, xa kusenziwa ezinye iindawo ezintsonkothileyo zomphezulu ogobileyo, umatshini wokusila unokuphinda ngokuchanekileyo ukuphindaphinda imilo yamalungu ngokusekwe kwitemplate esele yenziwe.
(2) Umatshini wokugaya olawulwa yiNkqubo
Umatshini wokugaya olawulwa yinkqubo ulawula ukuhamba kunye nenkqubo yokucubungula isixhobo somatshini ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokubhala kwangaphambili. Inkqubo yokucubungula inokuveliswa ngokubhala ngesandla okanye ukusebenzisa isoftware encediswa yikhompyuter.
Kwimveliso ye-batch, umatshini wokugaya olawulwa yiprogram unokuqhuba iinxalenye ezininzi ngokwenkqubo efanayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokuchaneka kokulungiswa.
(3) Umatshini wokugaya we-CNC
Umatshini wokungqusha we-CNC uphuhliswa ngokusekelwe kumatshini oqhelekileyo wokusila. Yamkela inkqubo ye-CNC yokulawula ukuhamba kunye nenkqubo yokucubungula isixhobo somatshini. Inkqubo ye-CNC inokulawula ngokuchanekileyo ukunyakaza kwe-axis, isantya se-spindle, isantya sokutya, njl njl kwisixhobo somatshini ngokwenkqubo yokufaka kunye neeparitha, ngaloo ndlela ifezekise ukuchaneka okuphezulu kweendawo ezinobumba obunzima.
Umatshini wokusila we-CNC uneengenelo zenqanaba eliphezulu lokuzenzela, ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokusebenza, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimimandla efana ne-aerospace, iimoto, kunye nokubumba.