Uhlalutyo kunye nezisombululo kwiNgxaki yeNgxaki yokuHamba ngokuHamba kweZixhobo zokuLungelelanisa iZixhobo zoMatshini
Kwintsimi yokulungiswa komatshini, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo koomatshini beziko lomatshini kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kumgangatho wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Nangona kunjalo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentshukumo egwenxa yolungelelwaniso lwesixhobo soomatshini kwenzeka ngamanye amaxesha, kubangela iingxaki ezininzi kubasebenzi kwaye kunokukhokelela kwiingozi ezimandundu zemveliso. Oku kulandelayo kuya kuqhuba ingxoxo enzulu malunga nemiba ehambelanayo yokunyakaza okungahambi kakuhle kokulungelelaniswa kwesixhobo somatshini kumaziko omatshini kunye nokubonelela ngezisombululo ezisebenzayo.
I. Isiganeko kunye neNkcazelo yeNgxaki
Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, xa umatshini weziko lomatshini uqhuba inkqubo emva kokuqalisa i-homing, ulungelelaniso kunye nendawo yesixhobo somatshini unokuhlala uchanekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba umsebenzi we-homing ugqityiwe, ukuba isixhobo somatshini sisebenza ngesandla okanye ngesandla, ukuphambuka kuya kubonakala kumboniso wee-workpiece coordinates kunye nokulungelelanisa izixhobo zomatshini. Ngokomzekelo, kuvavanyo lwentsimi, emva kokuqalisa ikhaya, i-X-axis yesixhobo somatshini ishukunyiswa ngesandla ngu-10 mm, emva koko umyalelo we-G55G90X0 wenziwa kwimodi ye-MDI. Ngokuqhelekileyo kufunyenwe ukuba indawo yokwenene yesixhobo somatshini ayihambelani nendawo elindelekileyo yokulungelelanisa. Oku kungahambelani kungabonakalisa njengokuphambuka kumaxabiso alungelelanisiweyo, iimpazamo kwindlela yokuhamba kwesixhobo somatshini, okanye ukutenxa ngokupheleleyo kwi-trajectory esetwe kwangaphambili.
II. Uhlahlelo lweZisusa ezinokuthi zibekho zokungasebenzi kakuhle
(I) Imiba yeNdibano yooMatshini
Ukuchaneka kwendibano yomatshini kukuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka kwamanqaku okubhekisela kwisixhobo somatshini. Ukuba ngexesha lenkqubo yendibano yesixhobo somatshini, amacandelo okuhanjiswa kwe-axis yolungelelwaniso nganye ayifakwanga ngokufanelekileyo, njengezithuba phakathi kwe-screw kunye ne-nut, okanye iingxaki kunye nokufakelwa komzila kaloliwe ongekho-parallel okanye ongekho-perpendicular, ukuphambuka okongeziweyo kokufuduka kunokwenzeka ngexesha lokusebenza kwesixhobo somatshini, ngaloo ndlela kubangele ukuba amanqaku esalathiso atshintshe. Olu tshintsho alunakulungiswa ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-homing yesixhobo somatshini, kwaye emva koko kukhokelele kwinto yokunyakaza okungahambi kakuhle kolungelelwaniso kwimisebenzi elandelayo yencwadana okanye ezenzekelayo.
(II) Iimpazamo zeParameter kunye neNkqubo
- IMbuyekezo yeSixhobo kunye nokuSetyenziswa koLungelelaniso lweSixhobo sokuSebenza: Ukusetwa okungalunganga kwexabiso lembuyekezo yesixhobo kuya kubangela ukutenxa phakathi kwendawo eyiyo yesixhobo ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini kunye nendawo ecwangcisiweyo. Umzekelo, ukuba ixabiso lembuyekezo yeradiyasi yesixhobo likhulu kakhulu okanye lincinci kakhulu, isixhobo siya kuphambuka kwitrajekhi yecontour emiselwe kwangaphambili xa usika i-workpiece. Ngokufanayo, ukusetwa okungachanekanga kolungelelwaniso lweworkpiece sesinye sezizathu eziqhelekileyo. Xa abaqhubi bebeka inkqubo yokulungelelanisa i-workpiece, ukuba ixabiso le-zero offset alichanekanga, yonke imiyalelo ye-machining esekelwe kule nkqubo yokulungelelanisa iya kubangela ukuba isixhobo somatshini sihambe kwindawo engalunganga, okubangela umboniso we-chaotic coordinate.
- Iimpazamo zoCwangciso: Ukungakhathali ngexesha lenkqubo yokucwangcisa kunokukhokelela kulungelelwaniso lwesixhobo somatshini esingaqhelekanga. Ngokomzekelo, iimpazamo zegalelo lemilinganiselo yokulungelelanisa xa kubhalwa iinkqubo, ukusetyenziswa okungafanelekanga kweefomathi zemiyalelo, okanye ingqiqo yeprogram engafanelekanga ebangelwa kukungaqondi kakuhle kwenkqubo yomatshini. Ngokomzekelo, xa ulungelelaniso lwesetyhula lwenkqubo, ukuba ulungelelwaniso lombindi wesangqa lubalwe ngokungalunganga, isixhobo somatshini siya kuhamba ngendlela engalunganga xa sisenza le nxalenye yenkqubo, sibangela ukuba isixhobo somatshini silungelelanise ukuba siphambuke kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo.
(III) Iinkqubo zokuSebenza ngokungafanelekanga
- Iimpazamo kwiiNdlela zokuSebenza kweNkqubo: Xa inkqubo isetyenzisiwe kwaye emva koko iqaliswe ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka kwicandelo eliphakathi ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ngokupheleleyo imeko yangoku yesixhobo somatshini kunye nomzila wayo wangaphambili wokuhamba, kunokukhokelela kwisiphithiphithi kwinkqubo yokulungelelanisa isixhobo somatshini. Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo iqhuba ngokusekelwe kwingqiqo ethile kunye neemeko zokuqala ngexesha lenkqubo yokusebenza, ngokunyanzeliswa ukusuka kwicandelo eliphakathi kunokuphazamisa oku kuqhubela phambili kwaye kungenzeki ukuba isixhobo somatshini sibale ngokuchanekileyo indawo yokulungelelanisa yangoku.
- Ukuqhuba ngokuthe ngqo iNkqubo emva kokuSebenza okuKhethekileyo: Emva kokwenza imisebenzi ekhethekileyo efana ne "Tool Tool Lock", "I-Manual Absolute Value", kunye ne "Handwheel Insertion", ukuba ulungelelwaniso oluhambelanayo lokusetha ngokutsha okanye ukuqinisekiswa kwesimo akwenziwanga kwaye inkqubo iqhutywe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-machining, kwakhona kulula ukubangela ingxaki yokunyakaza okungahambi kakuhle kokulungelelaniswa. Ngokomzekelo, umsebenzi "weSitshixo seSitshixo" unokumisa ukuhamba kwee-axes zesixhobo somatshini, kodwa ukuboniswa kolungelelwaniso lwesixhobo somatshini kusaza kutshintsha ngokwemiyalelo yenkqubo. Ukuba inkqubo iqhutywa ngokuthe ngqo emva kokuvula, isixhobo somatshini sinokuhamba ngokomahluko wolungelelwaniso olungalunganga; emva kokuhambisa ngesandla isixhobo somatshini kwimodi ye "Manual Absolute Value", ukuba inkqubo elandelayo ayiphathi ngokuchanekileyo i-offset yokulungelelaniswa okubangelwa yintshukumo yesandla, iya kukhokelela ekulungelelaniseni i-chaos; ukuba ulungelelwaniso lolungelelwaniso alwenziwanga kakuhle xa utshintshela umva ekusebenzeni ngokuzenzekelayo emva kokusebenza kwe "Handwheel Insertion", ulungelelwaniso lomatshini olungaqhelekanga luya kuvela.
(IV) Impembelelo yokuguqulwa kweParameter yeNC
Xa ulungisa iiparamitha ze-NC, ezifana ne-mirroring, ukuguqulwa phakathi kwe-metric kunye ne-imperial systems, njl., ukuba imisebenzi ayifanelekanga okanye impembelelo yokuguqulwa kweparameter kwisistim sokulungelelanisa isixhobo somatshini ayiqondwa ngokupheleleyo, kunokukhokelela ekuhambeni okungahambi kakuhle kokulungelelaniswa kwesixhobo somatshini. Umzekelo, xa usenza umsebenzi wesipili, ukuba i-axis yesibuko kunye nemigaqo yokuguqulwa kolungelelwaniso oluhambelanayo ayimiselwanga ngokuchanekileyo, isixhobo somatshini siya kuhamba ngokwengqiqo yesipili esingalunganga xa kusenziwa iinkqubo ezilandelayo, ukwenza eyona ndawo yomatshini ichasene ngokupheleleyo nelindelekileyo, kunye nokuboniswa kolungelelwaniso lwesixhobo somatshini nako kuya kuba ngumbhodamo.
III. Izisombululo kunye neMiqathango
(I) Izisombululo kwiingxaki zeNdibano zeMechanical
Hlola rhoqo kwaye ugcine amacandelo othumelo omatshini wesixhobo somatshini, kubandakanywa izikrufu, iileyile zesikhokelo, ukudityaniswa, njl. Ukuba umsantsa mkhulu kakhulu, unokusonjululwa ngokulungelelanisa ukulayishwa kwangaphambili kwesikrufu okanye ukubuyisela iindawo ezigugileyo. Kwisikhokelo sikaloliwe, qinisekisa ukuchaneka kofakelo lwaso, jonga i-flatness, parallelism, kunye ne-perpendicularity yendawo kaloliwe yesikhokelo, kwaye wenze uhlengahlengiso ngexesha elifanelekileyo okanye ukulungiswa ukuba kukho ukutenxa.
Ngethuba lenkqubo yendibano yesixhobo somatshini, landela ngokungqongqo iimfuno zenkqubo yendibano, kwaye usebenzise izixhobo zokulinganisa ezichanekileyo zokubona kunye nokulinganisa ukuchaneka kwendibano ye-axis yokulungelelanisa nganye. Ngokomzekelo, sebenzisa i-laser interferometer ukulinganisa kunye nokuhlawulela impazamo ye-pitch ye-screw, kwaye usebenzise inqanaba lombane ukulungelelanisa umgangatho kunye ne-perpendicularity yomzila wesikhokelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo somatshini sinokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuzinza ngexesha lendibano yokuqala.
Ngethuba lenkqubo yendibano yesixhobo somatshini, landela ngokungqongqo iimfuno zenkqubo yendibano, kwaye usebenzise izixhobo zokulinganisa ezichanekileyo zokubona kunye nokulinganisa ukuchaneka kwendibano ye-axis yokulungelelanisa nganye. Ngokomzekelo, sebenzisa i-laser interferometer ukulinganisa kunye nokuhlawulela impazamo ye-pitch ye-screw, kwaye usebenzise inqanaba lombane ukulungelelanisa umgangatho kunye ne-perpendicularity yomzila wesikhokelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo somatshini sinokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuzinza ngexesha lendibano yokuqala.
(II) Ukulungiswa kweParameter kunye neempazamo zeNkqubo
Ngeempazamo kwimbuyekezo yesixhobo kunye nokusetwa kolungelelwaniso lomsebenzi, abaqhubi kufuneka bajonge ngononophelo amaxabiso embuyekezo yesixhobo kunye neeparitha zokuseta zenkqubo yolungelelwaniso lweworkpiece phambi komatshini. I-radius kunye nobude besixhobo sinokulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo ngezixhobo ezifana nezixhobo zokumisela izixhobo kunye namaxabiso achanekileyo anokuba negalelo kwinkqubo yokulawula isixhobo somatshini. Xa ubeka inkqubo yokulungelelanisa i-workpiece, iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokumisela izixhobo kufuneka zamkelwe, ezifana nokucwangcisa isixhobo sokusika isilingo kunye nesixhobo sokufumana isixhobo somda, ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwexabiso le-zero offset. Okwangoku, ngexesha lenkqubo yokubhala inkqubo, khangela ngokuphindaphindiweyo iinxalenye ezibandakanya amaxabiso okulungelelanisa kunye nemiyalelo yembuyekezo yesixhobo ukuze ugweme iimpazamo zegalelo.
Ngokumalunga neprogramu, ukuqinisa uqeqesho kunye nokuphuculwa kwezakhono zabaprogramu ukubenza babe nokuqonda okunzulu kwenkqubo yomatshini kunye nenkqubo yokufundisa isixhobo somatshini. Xa ubhala iinkqubo ezinzima, qhuba uhlalutyo lwenkqubo eyaneleyo kunye nokucwangciswa kwendlela, kwaye uqinisekise ngokuphindaphindiweyo izibalo eziphambili zokulungelelanisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemiyalelo. Isoftware yokulinganisa ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukusebenza kweenkqubo ezibhaliweyo ukufumanisa iimpazamo ezinokwenzeka zokucwangcisa kwangaphambili kunye nokunciphisa iingozi ngexesha lokusebenza kwangempela kwisixhobo somatshini.
Ngokumalunga neprogramu, ukuqinisa uqeqesho kunye nokuphuculwa kwezakhono zabaprogramu ukubenza babe nokuqonda okunzulu kwenkqubo yomatshini kunye nenkqubo yokufundisa isixhobo somatshini. Xa ubhala iinkqubo ezinzima, qhuba uhlalutyo lwenkqubo eyaneleyo kunye nokucwangciswa kwendlela, kwaye uqinisekise ngokuphindaphindiweyo izibalo eziphambili zokulungelelanisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemiyalelo. Isoftware yokulinganisa ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukusebenza kweenkqubo ezibhaliweyo ukufumanisa iimpazamo ezinokwenzeka zokucwangcisa kwangaphambili kunye nokunciphisa iingozi ngexesha lokusebenza kwangempela kwisixhobo somatshini.
(III) Ukulungelelanisa iiNkqubo zokuSebenza
Ukuthobela ngokuthe ngqo inkcazo yokusebenza kwesixhobo somatshini. Emva kokuba inkqubo isetyenzisiwe, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuqalisa ukusebenza ukusuka kwicandelo eliphakathi, kuyimfuneko ukuba uqale uqinisekise indawo yokulungelelanisa yangoku yesixhobo somatshini kwaye wenze uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko okanye uqalise imisebenzi ngokwengqiqo kunye neemfuno zenkqubo. Ngokomzekelo, isixhobo somatshini sinokususwa ngesandla kwindawo ekhuselekileyo kuqala, kwaye emva koko umsebenzi we-homing unokuphunyezwa okanye inkqubo yokulungelelanisa i-workpiece inokubuyiselwa kwakhona ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo somatshini sikwimeko echanekileyo yokuqala ngaphambi kokuqhuba inkqubo.
Emva kokwenza imisebenzi ekhethekileyo efana ne "Isitshixo seSitshixo soMtshini", "Ixabiso elipheleleyo le-Manual", kunye ne "Handwheel Insertion", ulungelelwaniso oluhambelanayo lokusetha ngokutsha okanye imisebenzi yokubuyisela imeko kufuneka iqhutywe kuqala. Ngokomzekelo, emva kokuvula "Isitshixo seSitshixo soMtshini", umsebenzi we-homing kufuneka uqhutywe kuqala okanye isixhobo somatshini kufuneka sihanjiswe ngesandla kwindawo echanekileyo eyaziwayo, kwaye ke inkqubo ingaqhutywa; emva kokuhambisa ngesandla isixhobo somatshini kwimodi ye "Manual Absolute Value", amaxabiso alungelelanisayo kwiprogram kufuneka alungiswe ngokufanelekileyo ngokwexabiso lentshukumo okanye ulungelelwaniso lwesixhobo somatshini kufuneka lubuyiselwe kumaxabiso achanekileyo ngaphambi kokuqhuba inkqubo; emva kokuba umsebenzi "we-Handwheel Insertion" ugqityiwe, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukunyuswa kokulungelelaniswa kwe-handwheel kunokudibaniswa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nemiyalelo yokulungelelanisa kwiprogram ukuze ugweme ukudibanisa ukudibanisa okanye ukuphambuka.
Emva kokwenza imisebenzi ekhethekileyo efana ne "Isitshixo seSitshixo soMtshini", "Ixabiso elipheleleyo le-Manual", kunye ne "Handwheel Insertion", ulungelelwaniso oluhambelanayo lokusetha ngokutsha okanye imisebenzi yokubuyisela imeko kufuneka iqhutywe kuqala. Ngokomzekelo, emva kokuvula "Isitshixo seSitshixo soMtshini", umsebenzi we-homing kufuneka uqhutywe kuqala okanye isixhobo somatshini kufuneka sihanjiswe ngesandla kwindawo echanekileyo eyaziwayo, kwaye ke inkqubo ingaqhutywa; emva kokuhambisa ngesandla isixhobo somatshini kwimodi ye "Manual Absolute Value", amaxabiso alungelelanisayo kwiprogram kufuneka alungiswe ngokufanelekileyo ngokwexabiso lentshukumo okanye ulungelelwaniso lwesixhobo somatshini kufuneka lubuyiselwe kumaxabiso achanekileyo ngaphambi kokuqhuba inkqubo; emva kokuba umsebenzi "we-Handwheel Insertion" ugqityiwe, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukunyuswa kokulungelelaniswa kwe-handwheel kunokudibaniswa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nemiyalelo yokulungelelanisa kwiprogram ukuze ugweme ukudibanisa ukudibanisa okanye ukuphambuka.
(IV) Ukusebenza ngokucokisekileyo kweNC Parameter Modification
Xa kulungiswa iiparamitha ze-NC, abaqhubi kufuneka babe nolwazi olwaneleyo lobuchwephesha kunye namava kwaye baqonde ngokupheleleyo intsingiselo yepharamitha nganye kunye nefuthe lokuguqulwa kweparameter ekusebenzeni kwesixhobo somatshini. Ngaphambi kokuguqula iiparamitha, gcina iiparamitha zokuqala ukuze zibuyiselwe ngexesha xa iingxaki zisenzeka. Emva kokuguqula iiparamitha, qhuba uluhlu lweemvavanyo zokuvavanya, ezifana nokugijima okomileyo kunye nokuhamba kwesinyathelo esisodwa, ukujonga ukuba ngaba imo yokunyakaza yesixhobo somatshini kunye nokuboniswa kolungelelwaniso kuqhelekileyo. Ukuba izinto ezingaqhelekanga zifunyenwe, misa ngokukhawuleza ukusebenza, buyisela isixhobo somatshini kwisimo saso sangaphambili ngokweeparamitha zogcino, kwaye emva koko ujonge ngononophelo inkqubo kunye nomxholo wokuguqulwa kweparamitha ukufumana iingxaki kwaye wenze izilungiso.
Isishwankathelo, ukunyakaza okungahambi kakuhle kokulungelelaniswa kwesixhobo somatshini kumaziko omatshini yingxaki enzima ebandakanya izinto ezininzi. Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla yezixhobo zoomatshini, abaqhubi kufuneka bomeleze ukufunda kwabo kunye nobuchule besakhiwo somatshini wezixhobo zoomatshini, useto lweparamitha, ukucaciswa kwenkqubo, kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza. Xa uhlangabezana nengxaki yokunyakaza okungahambi kakuhle kolungelelwaniso, kufuneka bahlalutye ngokuzolileyo, baqale kwizizathu ezinokwenzeka ezikhankanywe ngasentla, ngokuthe ngcembe bajonge kwaye bathathe izisombululo ezihambelanayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo somatshini sinokubuyela ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo, ukuphucula umgangatho womatshini kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Okwangoku, abavelisi bezixhobo zoomatshini kunye neengcali zokulungisa kufuneka kwakhona baqhubeke bephucula amanqanaba abo obugcisa, baphucule ukuyila kunye neenkqubo zokuhlanganisa izixhobo zoomatshini, kunye nokubonelela abasebenzisi ngezixhobo zokusebenza ezizinzileyo nezithembekileyo kunye neenkonzo ezigqibeleleyo zenkxaso yobugcisa.