"Uhlalutyo lweZakhiwo zoThumelo lwe-Spindle kuMaziko oMatshini"
Kwintsimi yokulungiswa komatshini wanamhlanje, amaziko omatshini athatha indawo ebalulekileyo kunye nobuchule bawo bokusebenza obuchanekileyo kunye ngokuchanekileyo. Inkqubo yolawulo lwamanani, njengondoqo wolawulo lweziko lomatshini, iyalela yonke inkqubo yokucubungula njengobuchopho bomntu. Kwangaxeshanye, i-spindle yeziko lomatshini lilingana nentliziyo yomntu kwaye ingumthombo wamandla okusebenza aphambili kwiziko lomatshini. Ukubaluleka kwayo kuyabonakala. Ke ngoko, xa ukhetha i-spindle yeziko lomatshini, umntu kufuneka alumke kakhulu.
Iispindles zamaziko omatshini zinokuhlelwa ikakhulu zibe ziindidi ezine ngokweendlela zothumelo lwazo: iispindles eziqhutywa ngegiya, iispindle eziqhutywa ngebhanti, iispindle ezidityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo, kunye nespindles zombane. Ezi zakhiwo zine zothumelo zineempawu zazo kunye nezantya ezahlukeneyo zokujikeleza, kwaye zidlala iinzuzo ezizodwa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa.
I. I-spindle eqhutywa yigear
Isantya esijikelezayo se-spindle eqhutywa yi-gear ngokuqhelekileyo yi-6000r / min. Enye yeempawu zayo eziphambili kukuqina kakuhle kwe-spindle, eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kakhulu kwiimeko ezinzima zokusika. Kwinkqubo yokusika okunzima, i-spindle idinga ukukwazi ukumelana namandla amakhulu okusika ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okucacileyo. I-spindle eqhutywa ngegiya ihlangabezana nje nale mfuno. Ukongeza, ii-spindles eziqhutywa ngegiya zihlala zixhotyiswe koomatshini abaninzi abasontayo. Oomatshini bokusonta abaninzi badla ngokufuna ukusetyenzwa kwezixhobo zokusebenza ezininzi ngaxeshanye okanye zisebenze ngolungelelaniso iindawo ezininzi zomsebenzi omnye, ezifuna ukuba i-spindle ibe nokuzinza okuphezulu kunye nokuthembeka. Indlela yokuhambisa igiya inokuqinisekisa ukugudiswa kunye nokuchaneka kokuhanjiswa kwamandla, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa umgangatho wokusetyenzwa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle koomatshini abaninzi be-spindle.
Isantya esijikelezayo se-spindle eqhutywa yi-gear ngokuqhelekileyo yi-6000r / min. Enye yeempawu zayo eziphambili kukuqina kakuhle kwe-spindle, eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kakhulu kwiimeko ezinzima zokusika. Kwinkqubo yokusika okunzima, i-spindle idinga ukukwazi ukumelana namandla amakhulu okusika ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okucacileyo. I-spindle eqhutywa ngegiya ihlangabezana nje nale mfuno. Ukongeza, ii-spindles eziqhutywa ngegiya zihlala zixhotyiswe koomatshini abaninzi abasontayo. Oomatshini bokusonta abaninzi badla ngokufuna ukusetyenzwa kwezixhobo zokusebenza ezininzi ngaxeshanye okanye zisebenze ngolungelelaniso iindawo ezininzi zomsebenzi omnye, ezifuna ukuba i-spindle ibe nokuzinza okuphezulu kunye nokuthembeka. Indlela yokuhambisa igiya inokuqinisekisa ukugudiswa kunye nokuchaneka kokuhanjiswa kwamandla, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa umgangatho wokusetyenzwa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle koomatshini abaninzi be-spindle.
Nangona kunjalo, ii-spindles eziqhutywa ngegiya nazo zineentsilelo ezithile. Ngenxa yobume obuntsonkothileyo bothumelo lwezixhobo, iindleko zokwenziwa nokugcinwa kwazo ziphezulu. Ngaphezu koko, iigiya ziya kuvelisa ingxolo ethile kunye nokungcangcazela ngexesha lenkqubo yothumelo, enokuba nefuthe elithile ekuqhubeni ukuchaneka. Ukongeza, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhanjiswa kwegiya kuphantsi kwaye kuya kudla umthamo othile wamandla.
II. I-spindle eqhutywa ngebhanti
Isantya esijikelezayo se-spindle eqhutywe ngebhanti yi-8000r / min. Esi sakhiwo sothumelo sineenzuzo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Okokuqala, isakhiwo esilula yenye yeempawu zayo eziphambili. Ukuhanjiswa kwebhanti kuqulunqwe ngeepuli kunye namabhanti. Isakhiwo silula kwaye kulula ukwenza kunye nokufaka. Oku akunciphisi kuphela iindleko zemveliso kodwa kwenza ulondolozo nokulungiswa kube lula ngakumbi. Okwesibini, imveliso elula ikwayenye yeenzuzo zokusonta eziqhutywa ngebhanti. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esilula, inkqubo yokuvelisa kulula ukuyilawula, enokuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ngaphaya koko, ii-spindles eziqhutywa ngebhanti zinamandla okukhusela. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokucubungula, i-spindle ingaba phantsi kweempembelelo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokungcangcazela. I-elasticity yebhanti inokudlala indima efanelekileyo yokukhusela kwaye ikhusele i-spindle kunye namanye amacandelo okuhambisa kumonakalo. Ngaphezu koko, xa i-spindle igcwele kakhulu, ibhanti iya kutyibilika, ekhusela ngokufanelekileyo i-spindle kwaye igweme umonakalo ngenxa yokugqithiswa.
Isantya esijikelezayo se-spindle eqhutywe ngebhanti yi-8000r / min. Esi sakhiwo sothumelo sineenzuzo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Okokuqala, isakhiwo esilula yenye yeempawu zayo eziphambili. Ukuhanjiswa kwebhanti kuqulunqwe ngeepuli kunye namabhanti. Isakhiwo silula kwaye kulula ukwenza kunye nokufaka. Oku akunciphisi kuphela iindleko zemveliso kodwa kwenza ulondolozo nokulungiswa kube lula ngakumbi. Okwesibini, imveliso elula ikwayenye yeenzuzo zokusonta eziqhutywa ngebhanti. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esilula, inkqubo yokuvelisa kulula ukuyilawula, enokuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ngaphaya koko, ii-spindles eziqhutywa ngebhanti zinamandla okukhusela. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokucubungula, i-spindle ingaba phantsi kweempembelelo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokungcangcazela. I-elasticity yebhanti inokudlala indima efanelekileyo yokukhusela kwaye ikhusele i-spindle kunye namanye amacandelo okuhambisa kumonakalo. Ngaphezu koko, xa i-spindle igcwele kakhulu, ibhanti iya kutyibilika, ekhusela ngokufanelekileyo i-spindle kwaye igweme umonakalo ngenxa yokugqithiswa.
Nangona kunjalo, ii-spindles eziqhutywa ngebhanti azigqibelelanga. Ibhanti iya kubonisa ukuguga kunye nokuguga emva kokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwaye idinga ukutshintshwa rhoqo. Ukongezelela, ukuchaneka kokuhanjiswa kwebhanti kuncinci kwaye kunokuba nefuthe elithile ekuqhubeni ukuchaneka. Nangona kunjalo, ngezihlandlo apho iimfuno zokuchaneka kokucubungula zingekho phezulu kakhulu, i-spindle eqhutywa ngebhanti iselukhetho oluhle.
III. I-spindle edityanisiweyo ngokuthe ngqo
I-spindle edibeneyo edibeneyo iqhutywa ngokudibanisa i-spindle kunye ne-motor ngokusebenzisa i-coupling. Esi sakhiwo sokuhambisa sineempawu ze-torsion enkulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi. Isantya salo esijikelezayo singaphezulu kwe-12000r / min kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo sisetyenziswa kumaziko omatshini aphezulu. Isakhono sokusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu se-spindle edityanisiweyo ngokuthe ngqo sisinika iingenelo ezinkulu xa kusetyenzwa ii-workpieces ezichanekileyo eziphezulu kunye neemilo ezinzima. Inokugqiba ngokukhawuleza ukusika ukusetyenzwa, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wokucubungula ngexesha elifanayo.
I-spindle edibeneyo edibeneyo iqhutywa ngokudibanisa i-spindle kunye ne-motor ngokusebenzisa i-coupling. Esi sakhiwo sokuhambisa sineempawu ze-torsion enkulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi. Isantya salo esijikelezayo singaphezulu kwe-12000r / min kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo sisetyenziswa kumaziko omatshini aphezulu. Isakhono sokusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu se-spindle edityanisiweyo ngokuthe ngqo sisinika iingenelo ezinkulu xa kusetyenzwa ii-workpieces ezichanekileyo eziphezulu kunye neemilo ezinzima. Inokugqiba ngokukhawuleza ukusika ukusetyenzwa, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wokucubungula ngexesha elifanayo.
Iingenelo ze-spindle ezidityanisiweyo ngokuthe ngqo zikwalele ekusebenzeni kwayo okuphezulu. Ekubeni i-spindle ixhunywe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-motor ngaphandle kwamanye amakhonkco okuhambisa phakathi, ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kuyancitshiswa kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla liphuculwe. Ukongeza, ukuchaneka kwe-spindle edityanisiweyo ngokuthe ngqo nayo iphezulu kwaye inokuhlangabezana nezihlandlo ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokuchaneka kokusebenza.
Nangona kunjalo, i-spindle edityanisiweyo ngokuthe ngqo nayo inento engalunganga. Ngenxa yesantya esiphezulu sokujikeleza, iimfuno zemoto kunye nokudibanisa nazo ziphezulu kakhulu, ezinyusa iindleko zezixhobo. Ngaphezu koko, i-spindle edibeneyo ngokuthe ngqo iya kuvelisa ubushushu obukhulu ngexesha lokusebenza kwesantya esiphezulu kwaye idinga inkqubo yokupholisa esebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwe-spindle.
IV. I-spindle yombane
I-spindle yombane idibanisa i-spindle kunye ne-motor. I-motor yi-spindle kwaye i-spindle yi-motor. Ezi zimbini zidityanisiwe zibe yinto enye. Olu luyilo lwahlukileyo lwenza ikhonkco lothumelo lwe-spindle yombane liphantse libe zero, liphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuchaneka. Isantya esijikelezayo se-spindle yombane siphakathi kwe-18000 - 40000r / min. Nakumazwe angaphandle aphambili, i-spindles yombane esebenzisa ii-bearings zemagnetic levitation kunye ne-hydrostatic bearings inokufikelela kwisantya sokujikeleza kwe-100000r / min. Isantya esiphezulu esinjalo sokujikeleza siyenza isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumaziko omatshini anesantya esiphezulu.
I-spindle yombane idibanisa i-spindle kunye ne-motor. I-motor yi-spindle kwaye i-spindle yi-motor. Ezi zimbini zidityanisiwe zibe yinto enye. Olu luyilo lwahlukileyo lwenza ikhonkco lothumelo lwe-spindle yombane liphantse libe zero, liphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuchaneka. Isantya esijikelezayo se-spindle yombane siphakathi kwe-18000 - 40000r / min. Nakumazwe angaphandle aphambili, i-spindles yombane esebenzisa ii-bearings zemagnetic levitation kunye ne-hydrostatic bearings inokufikelela kwisantya sokujikeleza kwe-100000r / min. Isantya esiphezulu esinjalo sokujikeleza siyenza isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumaziko omatshini anesantya esiphezulu.
Iinzuzo ze-spindles zombane zivelele kakhulu. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuba akukho zixhobo zokuhambisa zendabuko, isakhiwo sihlangene ngakumbi kwaye sithatha indawo encinci, ehambelana noyilo olupheleleyo kunye noyilo lweziko lomatshini. Okwesibini, isantya sokuphendula se-spindle yombane sikhawuleza kwaye sinokufikelela kwimo yokusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu ngexesha elifutshane, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Ngaphezu koko, ukuchaneka kwe-spindle yombane kuphezulu kwaye kunokuhlangabezana nezihlandlo ezineemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zokuchaneka kokusebenza. Ukongezelela, ingxolo kunye nokungcangcazela kwe-spindle yombane kuncinci, okwenza kube lula ukudala indawo efanelekileyo yokucubungula.
Nangona kunjalo, ii-spindle zombane nazo zineentsilelo ezithile. Iimfuno zeteknoloji yokuvelisa i-spindles zombane ziphezulu kwaye iindleko ziphezulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, ukugcinwa kwee-spindle zombane kunzima ngakumbi. Nje ukuba kubekho ukungaphumeleli, amagcisa aqeqeshiweyo ayafuneka ukuze alondolozwe. Ukongezelela, i-spindle yombane iya kuvelisa ubushushu obukhulu ngexesha lokusebenza kwesantya esiphezulu kwaye idinga inkqubo yokupholisa esebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo ngokuqhelekileyo.
Phakathi kwamaziko omatshini aqhelekileyo, kukho iintlobo ezintathu zokuphotha kwisakhiwo sothumelo eziqhelekileyo ngokwentelekiso, ezizezi, ii-spindles eziqhutywa ngebhanti, ii-spindles ezidityanisiweyo ngokuthe ngqo, kunye nezokusonta zombane. Iispindle eziqhutywa ziigiya azifane zisetyenziswe kumaziko omatshini, kodwa ziqhelekile kumaziko omatshini amaninzi asontayo. Ii-spindles eziqhutywa ngebhanti zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumaziko amancinci omatshini kunye namaziko amakhulu omatshini. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-spindle eqhutywa ngebhanti inesakhiwo esilula kunye nomthamo owomeleleyo we-buffering, kwaye iyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemfuno zokusetyenzwa kwamaziko omatshini obungakanani obahlukeneyo. I-spindles edibeneyo edibeneyo kunye ne-spindles yombane idla ngokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumaziko omatshini anesantya esiphezulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba baneempawu zesantya esiphezulu sokujikeleza kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu, kwaye banokuhlangabezana neemfuno zamaziko omatshini we-high-speed for processing performance and processing quality.
Ukuqukumbela, izakhiwo zothumelo lweziko lokuphotha ngomatshini zineenzuzo zazo kunye nokungalunganga. Xa ukhetha, ingqwalasela ebanzi kufuneka inikwe ngokweemfuno ezithile zokusetyenzwa kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Ukuba inkqubo yokusika enzima iyafuneka, i-spindle eqhutywa nge-gear ingakhethwa; ukuba iimfuno zokuchaneka kokucubungula aziphezulu kakhulu kwaye isakhiwo esilula kunye neendleko eziphantsi zifunwa, i-spindle eqhutywe ngebhanti ingakhethwa; ukuba i-high-speed processing iyadingeka kwaye ukuchaneka okuphezulu kuyafuneka, i-spindle edibeneyo edibeneyo okanye i-spindle yombane ingakhethwa. Kuphela ngokukhetha ulwakhiwo olufanelekileyo lothumelo lwe-spindle apho ukusebenza kweziko lomatshini kunokwenziwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye kusetyenzwe kakuhle kunye nomgangatho wokusetyenzwa kuphuculwe.