"Imigaqo yokuKhethwa kwezinto ezintathu kwi-CNC Machine Tool Cutting".
Kwinkqubo yokusika isinyithi, ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo izinto ezintathu zokusika isixhobo somatshini we-CNC - ukusika isantya, izinga lokutya, kunye nobunzulu bokusika kubaluleke kakhulu. Le ngenye yeziqulatho eziphambili zekhosi yomgaqo wokusika isinyithi. Oku kulandelayo yinkcazo eneenkcukacha yemigaqo yokukhethwa kwezi zinto zintathu.
I. Ukusika isantya
Ukusika isantya, oko kukuthi, isantya somgca okanye isantya se-circumferential (V, iimitha / umzuzu), yenye yeeparitha ezibalulekileyo kwi-CNC yokusika isixhobo somatshini. Ukukhetha isantya esifanelekileyo sokusika, izinto ezininzi kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kuqala.
Ukusika isantya, oko kukuthi, isantya somgca okanye isantya se-circumferential (V, iimitha / umzuzu), yenye yeeparitha ezibalulekileyo kwi-CNC yokusika isixhobo somatshini. Ukukhetha isantya esifanelekileyo sokusika, izinto ezininzi kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kuqala.
Izixhobo zesixhobo
I-Carbide: Ngenxa yobunzima bayo obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nobushushu obulungileyo, isantya esiphakamileyo sokusika sinokufezekiswa. Ngokubanzi, inokuba ngaphezulu kweemitha ezili-100 ngomzuzu. Xa kuthengwa ukufakwa, iiparitha zobugcisa zidla ngokubonelelwa ukuba zicacise uluhlu lwezantya zomgca ezinokuthi zikhethwe xa kusenziwa izinto ezahlukeneyo.
I-Speed-Speed Steel: Xa kuthelekiswa ne-carbide, ukusebenza kwe-high-speed steel kuncinci, kwaye isantya sokusika sinokuncinci. Kwiimeko ezininzi, isantya sokusika isantya esiphezulu asidluli i-70 yeemitha / ngomzuzu, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo singaphantsi kwe-20 - 30 yeemitha / ngomzuzu.
I-Carbide: Ngenxa yobunzima bayo obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nobushushu obulungileyo, isantya esiphakamileyo sokusika sinokufezekiswa. Ngokubanzi, inokuba ngaphezulu kweemitha ezili-100 ngomzuzu. Xa kuthengwa ukufakwa, iiparitha zobugcisa zidla ngokubonelelwa ukuba zicacise uluhlu lwezantya zomgca ezinokuthi zikhethwe xa kusenziwa izinto ezahlukeneyo.
I-Speed-Speed Steel: Xa kuthelekiswa ne-carbide, ukusebenza kwe-high-speed steel kuncinci, kwaye isantya sokusika sinokuncinci. Kwiimeko ezininzi, isantya sokusika isantya esiphezulu asidluli i-70 yeemitha / ngomzuzu, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo singaphantsi kwe-20 - 30 yeemitha / ngomzuzu.
Izixhobo zokusebenza
Kwizinto zokusebenza ezinobunzima obuphezulu, isantya sokusika kufuneka sibe phantsi. Ngokomzekelo, kwintsimbi ecinyiweyo, insimbi engenasici, njl., Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubomi besixhobo kunye nomgangatho wokucubungula, i-V kufuneka ibekwe phantsi.
Kwizinto zensimbi ezityhidiweyo, xa usebenzisa izixhobo ze-carbide, isantya sokusika sinokuba ngama-70 - 80 metres / min.
Insimbi ephantsi kwekhabhoni ine-machinability engcono, kwaye isantya sokusika sinokuba ngaphezu kweemitha ezili-100 / ngomzuzu.
Ukucutshungulwa kweentsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous kulula, kwaye isantya esiphezulu sokusika sinokukhethwa, ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-100 - 200 yeemitha / ngomzuzu.
Kwizinto zokusebenza ezinobunzima obuphezulu, isantya sokusika kufuneka sibe phantsi. Ngokomzekelo, kwintsimbi ecinyiweyo, insimbi engenasici, njl., Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubomi besixhobo kunye nomgangatho wokucubungula, i-V kufuneka ibekwe phantsi.
Kwizinto zensimbi ezityhidiweyo, xa usebenzisa izixhobo ze-carbide, isantya sokusika sinokuba ngama-70 - 80 metres / min.
Insimbi ephantsi kwekhabhoni ine-machinability engcono, kwaye isantya sokusika sinokuba ngaphezu kweemitha ezili-100 / ngomzuzu.
Ukucutshungulwa kweentsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous kulula, kwaye isantya esiphezulu sokusika sinokukhethwa, ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-100 - 200 yeemitha / ngomzuzu.
Iimeko zokucwangcisa
Ngethuba lokucoca ngokukrakra, injongo ephambili kukususa ngokukhawuleza izinto eziphathekayo, kwaye imfuno yomgangatho ophezulu iphantsi. Ngoko ke, isantya sokusika sibekwe ngaphantsi. Ngexesha lokugqitywa komatshini, ukuze ufumane umgangatho olungileyo womphezulu, isantya sokusika kufuneka sibekwe phezulu.
Xa inkqubo yokuqina kwesixhobo somatshini, i-workpiece, kunye nesixhobo sihlwempuzekile, isantya sokusika kufuneka sibekwe phantsi ukunciphisa ukungcangcazela kunye nokuguqulwa.
Ukuba i-S esetyenziswe kwiprogram ye-CNC yisantya sokusonta ngomzuzu, ngoko i-S kufuneka ibalwe ngokobubanzi be-workpiece kunye nokusika isantya somgca V: S (isantya sokuphotha ngomzuzu) = V (ukusika isantya somgca) × 1000 / (3.1416 × workpiece ububanzi). Ukuba inkqubo ye-CNC isebenzisa isantya somgca wesigxina, ngoko i-S ingasebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo ukusika umgca we-V (iimitha / umzuzu).
Ngethuba lokucoca ngokukrakra, injongo ephambili kukususa ngokukhawuleza izinto eziphathekayo, kwaye imfuno yomgangatho ophezulu iphantsi. Ngoko ke, isantya sokusika sibekwe ngaphantsi. Ngexesha lokugqitywa komatshini, ukuze ufumane umgangatho olungileyo womphezulu, isantya sokusika kufuneka sibekwe phezulu.
Xa inkqubo yokuqina kwesixhobo somatshini, i-workpiece, kunye nesixhobo sihlwempuzekile, isantya sokusika kufuneka sibekwe phantsi ukunciphisa ukungcangcazela kunye nokuguqulwa.
Ukuba i-S esetyenziswe kwiprogram ye-CNC yisantya sokusonta ngomzuzu, ngoko i-S kufuneka ibalwe ngokobubanzi be-workpiece kunye nokusika isantya somgca V: S (isantya sokuphotha ngomzuzu) = V (ukusika isantya somgca) × 1000 / (3.1416 × workpiece ububanzi). Ukuba inkqubo ye-CNC isebenzisa isantya somgca wesigxina, ngoko i-S ingasebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo ukusika umgca we-V (iimitha / umzuzu).
II. Ireyithi yokutyisa
Umyinge wesondlo, okwaziwa ngokuba yireyithi yokutya kwesixhobo (F), ubukhulu becala ixhomekeke kuburhabaxa bomgangatho womsebenzi wokusetyenzwa.
Umyinge wesondlo, okwaziwa ngokuba yireyithi yokutya kwesixhobo (F), ubukhulu becala ixhomekeke kuburhabaxa bomgangatho womsebenzi wokusetyenzwa.
Gqibezela oomatshini
Ngexesha lokugqitywa komatshini, ngenxa yemfuno ephezulu yomgangatho womphezulu, izinga lokutya kufuneka libe lincinci, ngokubanzi li-0.06 - 0.12 mm / i-revolution ye-spindle. Oku kunokuqinisekisa umgangatho owenziwe ngoomatshini kunye nokunciphisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu.
Ngexesha lokugqitywa komatshini, ngenxa yemfuno ephezulu yomgangatho womphezulu, izinga lokutya kufuneka libe lincinci, ngokubanzi li-0.06 - 0.12 mm / i-revolution ye-spindle. Oku kunokuqinisekisa umgangatho owenziwe ngoomatshini kunye nokunciphisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu.
Umatshini orhabaxa
Ngethuba lokucoca ngokukrakra, umsebenzi oyintloko kukukhupha ngokukhawuleza inani elikhulu lezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye izinga lokutya linokusekwa likhulu. Ubungakanani bereyithi yokutya ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kumandla wesixhobo kwaye ngokubanzi kunokuba ngaphezulu kwe-0.3.
Xa i-angle yokukhulula i-angle yesixhobo inkulu, amandla esixhobo aya kuhlahloka, kwaye ngeli xesha, izinga lokutya alikwazi ukuba likhulu kakhulu.
Ukongeza, amandla omatshini womatshini kunye nobungqongqo bomsebenzi kunye nesixhobo kufuneka kuqwalaselwe. Ukuba umbane wesixhobo somatshini akonelanga okanye ukuqina kwesixhobo sokusebenza kunye nesixhobo sihlwempuzekile, izinga lokutya kufuneka lincitshiswe ngokufanelekileyo.
Inkqubo ye-CNC isebenzisa iiyunithi ezimbini zesantya sokutya: mm / umzuzu kunye ne-mm / revolution ye-spindle. Ukuba iyunithi ye-mm/minute isetyenzisiwe, inokuguqulwa ngefomula: isondlo ngomzuzu = isondlo nge-revolution × isantya sokusonta ngomzuzu.
Ngethuba lokucoca ngokukrakra, umsebenzi oyintloko kukukhupha ngokukhawuleza inani elikhulu lezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye izinga lokutya linokusekwa likhulu. Ubungakanani bereyithi yokutya ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kumandla wesixhobo kwaye ngokubanzi kunokuba ngaphezulu kwe-0.3.
Xa i-angle yokukhulula i-angle yesixhobo inkulu, amandla esixhobo aya kuhlahloka, kwaye ngeli xesha, izinga lokutya alikwazi ukuba likhulu kakhulu.
Ukongeza, amandla omatshini womatshini kunye nobungqongqo bomsebenzi kunye nesixhobo kufuneka kuqwalaselwe. Ukuba umbane wesixhobo somatshini akonelanga okanye ukuqina kwesixhobo sokusebenza kunye nesixhobo sihlwempuzekile, izinga lokutya kufuneka lincitshiswe ngokufanelekileyo.
Inkqubo ye-CNC isebenzisa iiyunithi ezimbini zesantya sokutya: mm / umzuzu kunye ne-mm / revolution ye-spindle. Ukuba iyunithi ye-mm/minute isetyenzisiwe, inokuguqulwa ngefomula: isondlo ngomzuzu = isondlo nge-revolution × isantya sokusonta ngomzuzu.
III. Ukusika Ubunzulu
Ukusika ubunzulu, oko kukuthi, ukusika ubunzulu, kunokhetho olwahlukileyo ngexesha lokugqiba umatshini kunye nomatshini orhabaxa.
Ukusika ubunzulu, oko kukuthi, ukusika ubunzulu, kunokhetho olwahlukileyo ngexesha lokugqiba umatshini kunye nomatshini orhabaxa.
Gqibezela oomatshini
Ngexesha lokugqitywa komatshini, ngokubanzi, ingaba ngaphantsi kwe-0.5 (ixabiso le-radius). Ubunzulu obuncinci bokusika bunokuqinisekisa umgangatho womgangatho owenziwe ngoomatshini kunye nokunciphisa uburhabaxa bomhlaba kunye noxinzelelo olushiyekileyo.
Ngexesha lokugqitywa komatshini, ngokubanzi, ingaba ngaphantsi kwe-0.5 (ixabiso le-radius). Ubunzulu obuncinci bokusika bunokuqinisekisa umgangatho womgangatho owenziwe ngoomatshini kunye nokunciphisa uburhabaxa bomhlaba kunye noxinzelelo olushiyekileyo.
Umatshini orhabaxa
Ngexesha lokutshiza ngokurhabaxa, ubunzulu bokusika kufuneka bumiselwe ngokwendawo yokusebenza, isixhobo, kunye neemeko zesixhobo somatshini. Kwi-lathe encinci (enomlinganiselo ophezulu wokucubungula ongaphantsi kwe-400mm) ukuguqula i-No.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuba utshintsho lwesantya se-spindle se-lathe lusebenzisa umgaqo wesantya sokuguqulwa kwesantya esiqhelekileyo, ngoko xa isantya se-spindle ngomzuzu siphantsi kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-100 - 200 revolutions / minute), amandla okukhutshwa kwemoto aya kuncitshiswa kakhulu. Ngeli xesha, kuphela ubunzulu obuncinci bokusika kunye nesantya sokutya sinokufumaneka.
Ngexesha lokutshiza ngokurhabaxa, ubunzulu bokusika kufuneka bumiselwe ngokwendawo yokusebenza, isixhobo, kunye neemeko zesixhobo somatshini. Kwi-lathe encinci (enomlinganiselo ophezulu wokucubungula ongaphantsi kwe-400mm) ukuguqula i-No.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuba utshintsho lwesantya se-spindle se-lathe lusebenzisa umgaqo wesantya sokuguqulwa kwesantya esiqhelekileyo, ngoko xa isantya se-spindle ngomzuzu siphantsi kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-100 - 200 revolutions / minute), amandla okukhutshwa kwemoto aya kuncitshiswa kakhulu. Ngeli xesha, kuphela ubunzulu obuncinci bokusika kunye nesantya sokutya sinokufumaneka.
Ukuqukumbela, ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo izinto ezintathu zokusika isixhobo somatshini we-CNC kufuna uqwalaselo olubanzi lwezinto ezininzi ezifana nezixhobo zesixhobo, izixhobo zokusebenza, kunye neemeko zokusetyenzwa. Kwinkqubo yokwenyani, uhlengahlengiso olufanelekileyo kufuneka lwenziwe ngokweemeko ezithile ukufezekisa iinjongo zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokuqhuba, kunye nokwandisa ubomi besixhobo. Kwangaxeshanye, abaqhubi kufuneka ngokuqhubekayo baqokelele amava kwaye baqhelane neempawu zemathiriyeli eyahlukeneyo kunye nobuchwepheshe bokulungisa ukuze ukhethe ngcono iiparamitha zokusika kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza komatshini weCNC izixhobo.