Ukuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kweteknoloji yenkqubo ye-CNC ibonelele ngeemeko zenkqubela yeteknoloji yezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zentengiso kwaye kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno eziphezulu zobugcisa bokwenza itekhnoloji ye-CNC, uphuhliso lwangoku lwetekhnoloji ye-CNC yehlabathi kunye nezixhobo zayo zibonakaliswa ikakhulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo zobugcisa:
1. Isantya esiphezulu
Uphuhliso lweIzixhobo zoomatshini be-CNCukuya kwicala lesantya esiphezulu akunakuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokwenza, kodwa nokuphucula umgangatho womatshini womhlaba kunye nokuchaneka kwamalungu. Itekhnoloji ye-Ultra high speed machining inokusebenza okubanzi ekufezekiseni imveliso enexabiso eliphantsi kwishishini lemveliso.
Ukususela kwiminyaka yoo-1990, amazwe aseYurophu, eUnited States, naseJapan aye akhuphisana ekuphuhliseni nasekusebenziseni isizukulwana esitsha sezixhobo ze-CNC zesantya esiphezulu, ukukhawulezisa isantya sophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezixhobo zoomatshini. Ukuphumelela okutsha kwenziwe kwiyunithi ye-spindle ephezulu (i-spindle yombane, i-speed 15000-100000 r / min), i-high-speed kunye ne-high-speed and high-acceleration / deceleration feed motion motion motion (isantya esihamba ngokukhawuleza 60-120m / min, ukusika isantya sokutya ukuya kwi-60m / min), izixhobo zokusebenza ze-NC kunye nokufikelela kwiinkqubo ezintsha ze-C. amanqanaba. Ngesisombululo setekhnoloji ephambili kuthotho lweenkalo zobugcisa ezifana ne-ultra high speed cut mechanism, izixhobo zokusebenza zesixhobo sobomi obude obungagugiyo kunye nezixhobo zokusila ezirhabaxa, amandla aphezulu anesantya esiphezulu sokuphotha kombane, ukunyusa isantya/ukunciphisa icandelo lokutya eliqhutywa yimoto, isiseko solawulo oluphezulu lwenkqubo (kubandakanywa nezixhobo zophuhliso ezinikezelweyo kunye nezixhobo zokubeka iliso) ukuveliswa kwezixhobo ze-CNC zesantya esiphezulu.
Okwangoku, kwi-ultra high speed machining, isantya sokusika sokujika kunye nokugaya sifikelele kwi-5000-8000m / min; Isantya se-spindle singaphezulu kwe-30000 rpm (ezinye zinokufikelela kwi-100000 r / min); Isantya sokunyakaza (isantya sokutya) kwi-workbench: ngaphezu kwe-100m / min (ezinye ukuya kwi-200m / min) kwisisombululo se-1 micrometer, nangaphezulu kwe-24m / min kwisisombululo se-0.1 micrometer; Isixhobo esizenzekelayo sokutshintsha isantya ngaphakathi komzuzwana omnye; Ireyithi yokutya ye-interpolation yomgca omncinci ifikelela kwi-12m / min.
2. Ukuchaneka okuphezulu
Uphuhliso lweIzixhobo zoomatshini be-CNCukusuka kumatshini ochanekileyo ukuya kwi-ultra precision machining lisikhokelo apho amagunya ezoshishino kwihlabathi jikelele azibophelele kulo. Ukuchaneka kwayo kuluhlu ukusuka kwinqanaba le-micrometer ukuya kwinqanaba le-submicron, kunye nakwinqanaba le-nanometer (<10nm), kwaye uluhlu lwayo lwesicelo luya lukhula ngokubanzi.
Okwangoku, phantsi kwemfuno ye-high-precision machining, ukuchaneka komatshini wezixhobo eziqhelekileyo zomatshini we-CNC kuye kwanda ukusuka ± 10 μ Ukwandisa m ukuya ku-± 5 μ M; Ukuchaneka komatshini wamaziko omatshini achanekileyo ukusuka kwi-± 3 ukuya kwi-5 μ m. Yandisa ukuya kwi-± 1-1.5 μ m. Nangaphezulu; Ukuchaneka kwe-ultra precision machining kungene kwinqanaba le-nanometer (i-0.001 micrometers), kwaye ukuchaneka kokujikeleza kwe-spindle kuyadingeka ukufikelela kwi-0.01 ~ 0.05 micrometers, kunye ne-machining roundness ye-0.1 micrometer kunye ne-machining surface roughness ye-Ra = 0.003 micrometers. Ezi zixhobo zoomatshini ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa i-vector elawulwa ngamaza okusonta ombane (ezidityaniswe nenjini kunye ne-spindle), kunye nokuphuma kwe-radial kwi-spindle engaphantsi kwe-2 µ m, i-axial displacement engaphantsi kwe-1 µ m, kunye neshaft engalungelelananga efikelela kwinqanaba le-G0.4.
I-feed drive ye-high-speed kunye ne-high-precision machining machine tools ikakhulu ibandakanya iindidi ezimbini: "i-rotary servo motor ene-speed high-speed ball screw" kunye ne "linear motor direct drive". Ukongeza, izixhobo zoomatshini abakhulayo abahambelanayo nazo zikwalula ukufikelela kwisondlo esinesantya esiphezulu.
Ngenxa yetekhnoloji evuthiweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa okubanzi, izikrufu zebhola aziphumeleli kuphela ukuchaneka okuphezulu (inqanaba le-ISO3408 1), kodwa zineendleko eziphantsi kakhulu zokufikelela kwi-high-speed machining. Ngoko ke, basasetyenziswa ngoomatshini abaninzi abanesantya esiphezulu soomatshini ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje. Isixhobo sangoku somatshini we-speed-speed machine esiqhutywa yi-screw yebhola sinesantya esiphezulu sokunyakaza kwe-90m / min kunye nokukhawuleza kwe-1.5g.
Isikrufu sebhola sesothungelwano ngoomatshini, olubandakanya ngokungenakuthintelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-elastic, ukukhuhlana, kunye nokucoca ngasemva ngexesha lenkqubo yothumelo, okukhokelela kwi-hysteresis eshukumayo kunye nezinye iimpazamo ezingezizo. Ukuze kupheliswe impembelelo yale mpazamo ekuchanekeni komatshini, i-linear motor drive ngqo isetyenziswe kwizixhobo zomatshini kwi-1993. Njengoko "i-zero transmission" ngaphandle kwamakhonkco aphakathi, ayinayo inertia encinci yentshukumo, ukuqina kwenkqubo ephezulu, kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, Iyakwazi ukufikelela kwisantya esiphezulu kunye nokukhawuleza, kunye nobude bayo be-stroke bunqunyanyiswa ngokwethiyori. Ukuchaneka kokumisa kunokufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu phantsi kwesenzo senkqubo yempendulo ye-high-precision position, okwenza kube yindlela efanelekileyo yokuqhuba i-high-speed and high-precision high-precision machine machine tools, ingakumbi izixhobo zomatshini ophakathi kunye nomkhulu. Okwangoku, isantya esiphezulu sokuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwesantya esiphezulu kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu koomatshini be-machining esebenzisa i-motor linear ifikelele kwi-208 m / min, kunye nokukhawuleza kwe-2g, kwaye kusekho indawo yophuhliso.
3. Ukuthembeka okuphezulu
Ngophuhliso lwezicelo zothungelwano lweIzixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, ukuthembeka okuphezulu kwezixhobo zomshini we-CNC kuye kwaba yinjongo elandelwa ngabavelisi benkqubo ye-CNC kunye nabavelisi bezixhobo ze-CNC. Kwifektri engasebenziyo esebenza iishifti ezimbini ngosuku, ukuba kufuneka isebenze ngokuqhubekayo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kwiiyure ze-16 kunye nokungaphumeleli kwereyithi ye-P (t) = 99% okanye ngaphezulu, ixesha eliphakathi phakathi kokungaphumeleli (MTBF) yesixhobo somatshini we-CNC kufuneka sibe ngaphezu kweeyure ze-3000. Ngomnye kuphela isixhobo somatshini we-CNC, umlinganiselo wezinga lokungaphumeleli phakathi komninimzi kunye nenkqubo ye-CNC yi-10: 1 (ukuthembeka kwe-CNC ngumyalelo omnye wobukhulu obuphezulu kunomkhosi). Ngeli xesha, i-MTBF yenkqubo ye-CNC kufuneka ibe nkulu kuneeyure ze-33333.3, kwaye i-MTBF yesixhobo se-CNC, i-spindle, kunye ne-drive kufuneka ibe ngaphezu kweeyure ze-100000.
Ixabiso le-MTBF yezixhobo zangoku ze-CNC zangaphandle zifikelele kwiiyure ze-6000, kwaye isixhobo sokuqhuba sifikelele kwiiyure ze-30000. Nangona kunjalo, kunokubonwa ukuba kusekho umsantsa ovela kwithagethi efanelekileyo.
4. Ukudibanisa
Kwinkqubo yokucutshungulwa kweengxenye, ixesha elininzi elingenamsebenzi lichithwa ekuphatheni i-workpiece, ukulayisha kunye nokukhulula, ukufakwa kunye nokulungelelaniswa, utshintsho lwesixhobo, kunye nesantya se-spindle phezulu nasezantsi. Ukuze kuncitshiswe la maxesha angenamsebenzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, abantu banethemba lokudibanisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokucwangcisa kwisixhobo somatshini esifanayo. Ke ngoko, izixhobo zoomatshini ezisebenza ngokudibeneyo ziye zaba yimodeli ekhula ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Ingqikelelo yesixhobo somatshini esihlanganisiweyo somatshini kwintsimi yokwenziwa bhetyebhetye ibhekiselele kubuchule besixhobo somatshini ukwenza ngokuzenzekelayo umatshini wokwenza izinto ezininzi ezifanayo okanye ezahlukeneyo zeendlela zenkqubo ngokwenkqubo yomatshini weCNC emva kokubamba umsebenzi wokusebenza ngexesha elinye, ukuze kugqitywe iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomatshini ezifana nokujika, ukugaya, ukubhola, ukudika, ukugaya, ukucofa, ukucofa, ukucofa ukucofa, ukucofa imilo entsonkothileyo. Ngokubhekiselele kumacandelo e-prismatic, amaziko omatshini awona zixhobo ziqhelekileyo zoomatshini ezenza inkqubo ehlanganisiweyo yenkqubo ezininzi zisebenzisa inkqubo efanayo. Kuye kwangqinwa ukuba isixhobo somatshini esihlanganisiweyo sinokuphucula ukuchaneka komatshini kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ukonga indawo, kwaye ngakumbi unciphise umjikelo womatshini wamacandelo.
5. Polyaxialization
Ngokuthandwa kweenkqubo ze-CNC zokudibanisa i-5-axis kunye nesofthiwe yeprogram, i-5-axis linkage controlled machining centres kunye noomatshini bokugaya i-CNC (amaziko omatshini omileyo) abe yindawo yophuhliso lwangoku. Ngenxa yokulula kwe-5-axis yokulawula ukudibanisa kwiprogram ye-CNC ye-ball end milling cutters xa kulungiswa imiphezulu yamahhala, kunye nokukwazi ukugcina isantya esifanelekileyo sokusika i-ball end cutters ngexesha lenkqubo yokugaya i-3D surfaces, Ngenxa yoko, uburhabaxa bomhlaba womatshini buphuculwe kakhulu kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini kuphuculwe kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-3-axis yokudibanisa izixhobo ezilawulwayo zomatshini, akunakwenzeka ukuphepha ukuphela kwe-ball end milling cutter kunye nesantya sokusika kufuphi ne-zero ekuthatheni inxaxheba ekusikeni. Ke ngoko, izixhobo zoomatshini bokudibanisa i-5-axis ziye zaba lugxininiso lophuhliso olusebenzayo kunye nokhuphiswano phakathi kwabavelisi bezixhobo zoomatshini abakhulu ngenxa yeenzuzo zabo zokusebenza ezingenakubuyiselwa.
Kutshanje, amazwe angaphandle asaphanda nge-6-axis yolawulo lonxibelelwano esebenzisa izixhobo zokusika ezingajikeleziyo kumaziko omatshini. Nangona ubume babo bomatshini bungathintelwa kwaye ubunzulu bokusika bunokuba buncinci kakhulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-machining kuphantsi kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukwenza.
6. Ubukrelekrele
Ubukrelekrele lukhokelo oluphambili kuphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokuvelisa kwinkulungwane yama-21. Ubukrelekrele bomatshini luhlobo lobuchwephesha obusekwe kulawulo lwenethiwekhi ye-neural, ulawulo olungenamsebenzi, itekhnoloji yenethiwekhi yedijithali, kunye nethiyori. Ijolise ekufaniseni imisebenzi ehlakaniphile yeengcali zomntu ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini, ukuze kulungiswe iingxaki ezininzi ezingaqinisekanga ezifuna ukungenelela ngesandla. Umxholo wobukrelekrele ubandakanya iinkalo ezahlukeneyo kwiinkqubo ze-CNC:
Ukulandela ukusebenza kakuhle kobuchule kunye nomgangatho, njengolawulo oluguqukayo kunye nokuveliswa okuzenzekelayo kweeparamitha zenkqubo;
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kokuqhuba kunye nokuququzelela unxibelelwano olukrelekrele, olufana nolawulo lwe-feedforward, ukubala okuguquguqukayo kweeparamitha zeemoto, ukuchongwa okuzenzekelayo kwemithwalo, ukhetho oluzenzekelayo lweemodeli, ukuzilungisa ngokwakho, njl.
Udweliso lwenkqubo olulula kunye nokusebenza ngobukrelekrele, njengenkqubo ezenzekelayo ekrelekrele, ujongano lomatshini olukrelekrele lomntu, njl.
Ukuxilongwa okuhlakaniphile kunye nokubeka iliso kuququzelele ukuxilongwa nokugcinwa kwenkqubo.
Zininzi iisistim ezikrelekrele zokusika kunye noomatshini phantsi kophando lwehlabathi, phakathi kwazo izisombululo zobuchwephesha zeJapan Intelligent CNC Device Research Association zosombululo zokomba zimelwe.
7. Uthungelwano
Ulawulo lothungelwano lwezixhobo zoomatshini ikakhulu lubhekisa kunxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi kunye nolawulo lwenethiwekhi phakathi kwesixhobo somatshini kunye nezinye iinkqubo zolawulo lwangaphandle okanye iikhompyuter eziphezulu ngenkqubo ye-CNC enezixhobo. Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ngokubanzi zijongana nesiza sokuvelisa kunye ne-LAN yangaphakathi yeshishini, kwaye emva koko ziqhagamshele ngaphandle kweshishini nge-Intanethi, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Intanethi/i-Intanethi ye-Intanethi.
Ngokukhula kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yothungelwano, ishishini lisanda kucebisa ingcamango yokwenziwa kwedijithali. Imveliso yedijithali, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi "e-manufacturing", yenye yeempawu zenguqu kumashishini okwenziwa koomatshini kunye nendlela yokubonelela ngemigangatho yamazwe aphesheya abenzi bezixhobo zoomatshini abaphambili namhlanje. Ngokwamkelwa okubanzi kolwazi lwetekhnoloji, abasebenzisi abaninzi basekhaya bafuna iinkonzo zonxibelelwano ezikude kunye neminye imisebenzi xa ungenisa izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC. Ngokwesiseko sokwamkelwa ngokubanzi kweCAD/CAM, amashishini okuvelisa oomatshini ayanda ukusebenzisa izixhobo zomatshini zeCNC. Isoftware yesicelo se-CNC iya isiba sisityebi ngakumbi kwaye isebenziseka lula. Uyilo olubonakalayo, ukwenziwa kwento ebonakalayo kunye nobunye ubugcisa buyanda ukulandelwa ngabasebenzi bobunjineli kunye nabasebenzi bobugcisa. Ukutshintsha ihardware entsonkothileyo ngobukrelekrele besoftware kuba yinto ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwezixhobo zoomatshini beli xesha. Phantsi kwenjongo yokwenziwa kwedijithali, inani lesoftware yolawulo lweshishini ephucukileyo efana ne-ERP iye yavela ngenkqubo yohlengahlengiso kunye notshintsho lwetekhnoloji yolwazi, ukudala inzuzo ephezulu yezoqoqosho kumashishini.
8. Ukuba bhetyebhetye
Umkhwa wezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC ukuya kwiinkqubo ezizenzekelayo ezizenzekelayo kukuphuhlisa ukusuka kwindawo (umatshini we-CNC omnye, iziko lomatshini, kunye nomatshini womatshini we-CNC odibeneyo), umgca (FMC, FMS, FTL, FML) ukuya phezulu (isiqithi esizimeleyo sokuvelisa, i-FA), kunye nomzimba (i-CIMS, inkqubo yokuvelisa inethiwekhi edibeneyo), kwaye kwelinye icala, ukugxila kwisicelo kunye noqoqosho. Itekhnoloji ye-automation ye-Flexible yeyona ndlela iphambili yeshishini lokuvelisa ukuziqhelanisa neemfuno zentengiso eziguqukayo kunye nokuhlaziya iimveliso ngokukhawuleza. Yeyona ndlela iphambili yophuhliso lwemveliso kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nethekhnoloji esisiseko kwindawo yokwenziwa kwemveliso. Ugxininiso lwayo kukuphucula ukuthembeka nokusebenza kwenkqubo, ngenjongo yokunxibelelana lula kunye nokudibanisa; Ukugxininisa uphuhliso nophuculo lweteknoloji yeyunithi; Umatshini omnye we-CNC uphuhlisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu, isantya esiphezulu, kunye nokuguquguquka okuphezulu; Izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC kunye neenkqubo zabo zokuvelisa eziguquguqukayo zinokudibaniswa lula kunye ne-CAD, i-CAM, i-CAPP, i-MTS, kwaye iphuhlise ekudibaniseni ulwazi; Ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo zothungelwano ngokubhekiselele ekuvulekeni, ukudibanisa, kunye nobukrelekrele.
9. Ukwenziwa kohlaza
Izixhobo zomatshini wokusika isinyithi senkulungwane ye-21 kufuneka zibeke phambili ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla, oko kukuthi, ukufezekisa uhlaza lweenkqubo zokusika. Okwangoku, obu buchwephesha obuluhlaza bugxile ekungasebenzisini ulwelo lokusika, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba ulwelo lokusika alungcolisi nje indawo esingqongileyo kwaye lubeke emngciphekweni impilo yabasebenzi, kodwa lunyusa ubutyebi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ukusika okomileyo ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhutyelwa kwi-atmospheric atmospheric, kodwa kukwabandakanya ukusika kwi-atmospheres yegesi ekhethekileyo (i-nitrogen, umoya obandayo, okanye ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yokupholisa i-electrostatic eyomileyo) ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kolwelo lokusika. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindlela ezithile zomatshini kunye nokudibanisa i-workpiece, ukusika okomileyo ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwamanzi okusika okwangoku kunzima ukuwasebenzisa ekusebenzeni, ngoko ke i-quasi cut cut with minimal lubrication (MQL) iye yavela. Okwangoku, i-10-15% yokucutshungulwa komatshini omkhulu eYurophu isebenzisa ukusika okomileyo kunye ne-quasi. Kwizixhobo zoomatshini ezifana namaziko omatshini enzelwe iindlela ezininzi zomatshini / ukudibanisa i-workpiece, i-quasi yokusika i-quasi eyomileyo isetyenziswa kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokutshiza umxube wexabiso elincinci kakhulu lokusika ioli kunye nomoya ocinezelweyo kwindawo yokusika ngokusebenzisa umjelo ongenanto ngaphakathi kwi-spindle yomatshini kunye nesixhobo. Phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini bokusika isinyithi, umatshini wokutshiza wegiya yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu ukusika okomileyo.
Ngamafutshane, inkqubela phambili kunye nophuhliso lobuchwepheshe besixhobo somatshini we-CNC lubonelele ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo kuphuhliso lweshishini lemveliso yanamhlanje, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lokuvelisa ukuya kwicala elinobuntu. Kunokubonwa kwangaphambili ukuba ngophuhliso lweteknoloji yesixhobo somatshini we-CNC kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC, ishishini lokuvelisa liya kungenisa uguquko olunzulu olunokugubha imodeli yemveli yokuvelisa.