CNC Machine Tools: Izitshixo kunye nemingeni yoMachining ochanekileyo
isixhobo somatshini we-CNC, njengesifinyezo sesixhobo somatshini wokulawula idijithali, sisixhobo somatshini esizisebenzelayo esixhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokulawula inkqubo. Inkqubo yolawulo lwayo inokuqhuba ngengqiqo iinkqubo kunye neekhowudi zokulawula okanye enye imiyalelo engokomfanekiso, kwaye ihlaziywe, ukwenzela ukuba isixhobo somatshini sisebenze kwaye siqhube iindawo. Ukusebenza nokubekwa kweliso kweIzixhobo zoomatshini be-CNCzonke zigqityiwe kule yunithi ye-CNC, enokuthi ichazwe "njengengqondo" yesixhobo somatshini.
Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNCzineengenelo ezininzi. Ukuchaneka kwayo kokucubungula kuphezulu, okunokuqinisekisa ngokuthe ngcembe umgangatho wokulungiswa; inokuqhuba unxibelelwano oludibeneyo, kwaye inokuqhuba iinxalenye ezinemilo enzima; xa iinxalenye zokucubungula zitshintsha, ngokubanzi zifuna kuphela ukutshintsha inkqubo ye-CNC, enokugcina kakhulu ixesha lokulungiselela imveliso; isixhobo somatshini ngokwaso sinokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuqina okuphezulu, kwaye sinokukhetha isixa esilungileyo sokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Phezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo i-3 ukuya ku-5 amaxesha ezixhobo zoomatshini eziqhelekileyo; iqondo eliphezulu lokuzisebenzela, linokunciphisa ubunzulu bomsebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, ikwabeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zomgangatho wabaqhubi kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zobugcisa kubasebenzi bolondolozo.
Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ngokubanzi ziquka iinxalenye ezininzi. Umatshini oyintloko ngumzimba oyintloko weisixhobo somatshini we-CNC, kubandakanywa nomzimba wesixhobo somatshini, ikholamu, i-spindle, indlela yokutya kunye namanye amacandelo omatshini, asetyenziselwa ukugqiba imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yomatshini yokusika kunye nokucubungula. Isixhobo solawulo lwamanani yinxalenye yayo engundoqo, kubandakanywa i-hardware efana nebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo, umboniso weCRT, ibhokisi yesitshixo, umfundi wephepha, njl. Isixhobo sokuqhuba siyinxalenye yokuqhuba yeisixhobo somatshini we-CNCi-actuator, kubandakanywa iyunithi ye-spindle drive, iyunithi yokutya, i-spindle motor kunye ne-fid motor, njl njl. Ngaphantsi kolawulo lwesixhobo sokulawula amanani, i-spindle kunye nesondlo ziqhutywa nge-electro-hydraulic servo system. Xa ukutya okuninzi kudityanisiwe, ukusetyenzwa kokubekwa, umgca othe ngqo, ijika lenqwelomoya kunye negophe lesithuba kunokugqityezelwa. Isixhobo esincedisayo siyinxalenye efunekayo yokuxhasa isixhobo somatshini we-CNC, njengokupholisa, ukukhutshwa kwe-chip, i-lubrication, ukukhanya, ukubeka iliso, njl., kubandakanywa nezixhobo ze-hydraulic kunye ne-pneumatic, izixhobo zokukhutshwa kwe-chip, iitafile zokutshintshiselana, i-CNC turntables kunye nokulawulwa kwamanani okuhlula iintloko, kunye nezixhobo kunye nokubeka iliso kunye nezixhobo zokubona. Ukucwangcisa kunye nezinye izixhobo ezincedisayo zingasetyenziselwa ukucwangcisa kunye nokugcina iinxalenye ngaphandle komatshini.
Kwimveliso, sihlala sidibana neengxaki zokuchaneka okungaqhelekanga komatshini wezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC. Olu hlobo lwengxaki lufihliwe kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukuxilonga. Ezona zizathu ziphambili zezo ngxaki zezi zilandelayo.
Okokuqala, iyunithi yokutya yesixhobo somatshini inokutshintshwa okanye itshintshwe. Oku kuya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka komatshini wesixhobo somatshini, kuba ukungaqhelekanga kweyunithi yokutya kuya kubangela ukuphambuka ekuhambeni kunye nokubeka isixhobo somatshini.
Okwesibini, i-NULL OFFSET ye-axis nganye yesixhobo somatshini ayiqhelekanga. I-Zero-point bias yiparameter ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokulungelelanisa yesixhobo somatshini. Ukungaqhelekanga kwayo kuya kwenza ukulungelelaniswa kwesixhobo somatshini kulahlekelwe ukuchaneka kwayo.
Ukongeza, i-AXIAL REVERSE GAP (i-BACKLASH) ANOMALI NAYE YIBANGWA ELIQHELEKILEYO. I-reverse void ibhekisa kwisithuba esiphakathi kwesikrufu kunye ne nut kwintshukumo ye-axial. I-gap engaqhelekanga ye-reverse iya kuchaphazela ukuchaneka kunye nokuzinza kwesixhobo somatshini.
Ukongezelela, imeko yokusebenza yemoto ayiqhelekanga, oko kukuthi, iindawo zombane kunye nokulawula zihluleka. Oku kunokubandakanya ukungaphumeleli kwesiphaluka, ukungaphumeleli komlawuli okanye ezinye iingxaki zombane, eziya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kunye nokuchaneka kokulungiswa kwesixhobo somatshini.
Ukongeza kwezi zizathu zingentla zoomatshini kunye nombane, umbutho weenkqubo zomatshini, ukukhethwa kwezixhobo kunye nezinto zabantu kunokukhokelela ekuchanekeni komatshini okungaqhelekanga. Udweliso lwenkqubo olungekho ngqiqweni lunokubangela ukuba izixhobo zoomatshini zenze izenzo ezingalunganga, kwaye ukukhetha isixhobo esingafanelekanga okanye ukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kuya kuchaphazela umgangatho womatshini.
Ukuthintela okanye ukusombulula ingxaki yokuchaneka okungaqhelekanga komatshini wezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, la manyathelo alandelayo anokuthathwa:
1. Jonga rhoqo kwaye ulungelelanise iyunithi yokutya, i-zero bias kunye nezinye iiparameters zesixhobo somatshini ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwayo.
2. Gcina kwaye ujonge i-axial reverse gap, kwaye ulungise okanye uyilungise ngexesha.
3. Yomeleza ugcino kunye nokusombulula iingxaki zombane kunye nolawulo lwamalungu.
4. Ukwandisa ukuqulunqwa kweenkqubo zokucubungula, khetha izixhobo ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye uqeqeshe abaqhubi ukuba baphucule izakhono zabo kunye nengqondo yoxanduva.
Ngelizwi elinye,Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNCidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yanamhlanje, kodwa ingxaki yokuchaneka kokusebenza okungaqhelekanga kufuneka inikwe ingqwalasela eyaneleyo. Ngokusetyenziswa okuchanekileyo, ukugcinwa kunye nokujongana neengxaki zezixhobo zoomatshini, ukuchaneka kokucubungula kunokuphuculwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye umgangatho wemveliso unokuqinisekiswa.
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