"Ukwenziwa kunye noLondolozo lweZiko loMachining Spindle"
Kwimveliso yanamhlanje, amaziko omatshini adlala indima ebalulekileyo njengesixhobo esiphambili sokufikelela kumatshini ochanekileyo. Kwaye enye yezinto eziphambili zeziko lomatshini - i-spindle, ukusebenza kwayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wokucubungula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ke, yenziwa njani i-spindle yeziko lomatshini lokuvelisa iimveliso? Yaye sinokulungiswa njani size sisetyenziswe isixhobo sokusonta somatshini wexabiso eliphezulu? Masilandele umenzi weziko lomatshini ukuqonda nzulu.
I. Ukuchithwa kwesakhiwo sokuphotha seziko lomatshini
Izixhobo zokuphotha zesixhobo somatshini zibandakanya iintambo zokuphotha, iibheringi kunye neendawo zothumelo. Indima yayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isetyenziselwa ukuxhasa iindawo zokuhambisa ezifana neegesi kunye neepuli kunye nokuhambisa intshukumo kunye ne-torque; kwelinye icala, ezinye zikwasetyenziselwa ukubamba ii-workpieces, ezifana ne-mandrels. Ubume bayo bangaphakathi buchaneke kakhulu kwaye buyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye icandelo ngalinye lisebenzisana nomnye ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-spindle inokugcina ukuchaneka okuzinzile kunye nokuthembeka xa ijikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu.
Izixhobo zokuphotha zesixhobo somatshini zibandakanya iintambo zokuphotha, iibheringi kunye neendawo zothumelo. Indima yayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isetyenziselwa ukuxhasa iindawo zokuhambisa ezifana neegesi kunye neepuli kunye nokuhambisa intshukumo kunye ne-torque; kwelinye icala, ezinye zikwasetyenziselwa ukubamba ii-workpieces, ezifana ne-mandrels. Ubume bayo bangaphakathi buchaneke kakhulu kwaye buyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye icandelo ngalinye lisebenzisana nomnye ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-spindle inokugcina ukuchaneka okuzinzile kunye nokuthembeka xa ijikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu.
II. Inkqubo yomatshini wokuphotha kwiziko lomatshini
Siyazi ukuba isiseko sokulungiswa kweemveliso zizixhobo zoomatshini, kwaye inkqubo yomatshini yokuphotha izixhobo zoomatshini icocwe ngakumbi. Ukuthatha ukucutshungulwa kwe-HAAS spindles njengomzekelo, i-spindle component blank enobunzima be-170 pounds (malunga ne-77KG) ingena kwinkqubo yonyango lokushisa emva kwemizuzu ye-29 kuphela yexesha lokucubungula. Kule mizuzu imfutshane ye-29, iinkqubo ezimbini zigqityiwe, kwaye i-70% yezinto eziphathekayo isusiwe.
Kule nkqubo yokucubungula kakuhle, iilayile ezimbini ze-st40 ze-CNC kunye ne-robot ye-axis ezintandathu zisetyenziswa ngokubambisana. Irobhothi inokuthwala umthwalo weekhilogram ezingama-280 kwaye inamandla okuphinda-phinda. Ngokutshintsha inkqubo, imisebenzi enzima ngakumbi inokufezekiswa, enye yezizathu zokuba iirobhothi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwintsimi yokuvelisa. Ukuvumela iirobhothi ukuba zithathe inxaxheba ekuveliseni azikwazi nje ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kodwa zinciphisa umsebenzi wokuphatha ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubaqhubi, okwenza ukuba umntu omnye athathe inxaxheba kwimveliso yeenkqubo ezininzi, ukuphucula kakhulu ukuguquguquka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
Siyazi ukuba isiseko sokulungiswa kweemveliso zizixhobo zoomatshini, kwaye inkqubo yomatshini yokuphotha izixhobo zoomatshini icocwe ngakumbi. Ukuthatha ukucutshungulwa kwe-HAAS spindles njengomzekelo, i-spindle component blank enobunzima be-170 pounds (malunga ne-77KG) ingena kwinkqubo yonyango lokushisa emva kwemizuzu ye-29 kuphela yexesha lokucubungula. Kule mizuzu imfutshane ye-29, iinkqubo ezimbini zigqityiwe, kwaye i-70% yezinto eziphathekayo isusiwe.
Kule nkqubo yokucubungula kakuhle, iilayile ezimbini ze-st40 ze-CNC kunye ne-robot ye-axis ezintandathu zisetyenziswa ngokubambisana. Irobhothi inokuthwala umthwalo weekhilogram ezingama-280 kwaye inamandla okuphinda-phinda. Ngokutshintsha inkqubo, imisebenzi enzima ngakumbi inokufezekiswa, enye yezizathu zokuba iirobhothi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwintsimi yokuvelisa. Ukuvumela iirobhothi ukuba zithathe inxaxheba ekuveliseni azikwazi nje ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kodwa zinciphisa umsebenzi wokuphatha ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubaqhubi, okwenza ukuba umntu omnye athathe inxaxheba kwimveliso yeenkqubo ezininzi, ukuphucula kakhulu ukuguquguquka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
III. Inzululwazi edumileyo: Ugcino lwespindle yeziko lomatshini
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kunye nobomi benkonzo ye-spindle yeziko lomatshini, ukugcinwa okuchanekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo, ukunciphisa ukushisa okusebenzayo kokuthwala kuyikhonkco elibalulekileyo ekugcinweni, kwaye indlela esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-lubricating oil. Kukho ubukhulu becala iindlela ezimbini zokuthambisa: indlela yokuthambisa i-oyile-moya kunye nokuthanjiswa kwe-oyile.
Ukuthanjiswa kweoli yokujikeleza
Xa usebenzisa i-oyile circulation lubrication, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubungakanani be-oyile kwi-spindle ye-spindle yeqondo lobushushu elingaguqukiyo itanki yanele. Ukuthanjiswa kwe-oyile kunokunciphisa ukukhuhlana kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu xa kuhlangatyezwana neemfuno zokuthambisa, kwaye kunokufunxa inxalenye yobushushu bamalungu okusonta. Ngokusetyenziswa kwe-oyile ejikelezayo rhoqo, ubushushu buyasuswa ukuze kugcinwe i-spindle isebenza phakathi koluhlu lobushushu obufanelekileyo.
Le ndlela yokuthambisa ifuna ukuhlolwa rhoqo kobungakanani be-oyile kwitanki yeoli ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-oyile eyaneleyo. Ngelo xesha, qaphela ukucoceka kweoli ukuze ugweme ukungcola ukungena kwinkqubo yokuthambisa kunye nokuchaphazela umphumo wokugcoba. Ukutshintsha rhoqo ioli kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kweoli.
Indlela yokuthambisa i-oyile-moya
Indlela yokuthambisa i-oyile-moya ichasene nokuthanjiswa kwe-oyile yokujikeleza. Ifuna kuphela ukugcwalisa i-10% yomthamo wendawo yokuzala. I-oil-air lubrication kukuxuba inani elincinci le-oyile yokuthambisa kunye negesi kuxinzelelo oluthile ukwenza umxube onjengenkungu ye-oyile kwaye uyitshize kwindawo yokuthwala ukuthambisa.
Le ndlela yokuthambisa ineengenelo zokusetyenziswa kweoyile encinci, isiphumo esihle sokuthambisa, kwaye akukho ngcoliseko kwendalo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iimfuno zokugcinwa kwe-oyile-air lubrication system ziphezulu kakhulu. Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza koxinzelelo lwegesi kunye nokunikezelwa kweoli ye-lubricating kunye ne-nozzle engabonakaliyo.
Ukuthambisa i-spindle, kukwakho iindlela ezimbini: indlela yokuthambisa inkungu yeoyile kunye nendlela yokuthambisa inaliti.
Indlela yokuthambisa i-oyile inkungu i-atomize i-oyile yokuthambisa ibe ngamasuntswana amancinane kwaye iyithuthele kwindawo ethwele i-spindle ngomoya ukuze ithambise. Le ndlela ine-lubrication efanayo kwaye inokubonelela ngefuthe elihle lokuthambisa phantsi kokujikeleza kwesantya esiphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, inkungu ye-oyile inokubangela ungcoliseko oluthile lwemekobume, kwaye amanyathelo ahambelanayo okukhusela kufuneka athathwe.
Indlela yokuthambisa inaliti itshiza ngokuthe ngqo ioyile yokuthambisa ukuya kwindawo ethwele umbhobho, enenzuzo yokujolisa okuqinileyo kunye nesiphumo esihle. Nangona kunjalo, indawo kunye ne-angle yokutshiza ye-nozzle kufuneka ilungiswe ngokuchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba isiphumo esihle sokuthambisa.
Ngamafutshane, ukugcinwa komatshini wokusonta kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokubanzi izinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukhetho lwendlela yokuthambisa, ulawulo lobungakanani be-oyile, kunye nokugcinwa kococeko. Kuphela ngokwenza umsebenzi omhle ekugcinweni kwemihla ngemihla sinokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwe-spindle, ukwandisa ubomi bayo benkonzo, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wokucubungula weziko lomatshini.
Ekusetyenzisweni okwenyani, ezi ngongoma zilandelayo kufuneka ziqatshelwe:
Jonga rhoqo ukuchaneka kunye nokuphuma kwe-spindle, kwaye ulungelelanise okanye ulungise ngexesha ukuba iingxaki zifunyenwe.
Gwema i-spindle esebenza phantsi komthwalo ogqithisiweyo okanye impembelelo yesantya esiphezulu ukukhusela umonakalo kwi-spindle.
Gcina indawo yokusebenza yeziko lomatshini licocekile ukukhusela uthuli kunye nokungcola ekungeneni kwi-spindle.
Sebenza ngokweenkqubo zokusebenza kwezixhobo ukuphepha umonakalo kwi-spindle ebangelwa yi-misoperation.
Kwi-spindle yesixhobo somatshini esibizayo, xa kukho ukungaphumeleli okanye umonakalo, ukulungiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kunokuqwalaselwa. Kukho ikakhulu ezi ndlela zilandelayo zokulungisa:
Tshintsha iindawo ezonakalisiweyo ezifana neebheringi kunye netywina.
Lungisa iindawo ezigugileyo, ezifana nokusebenzisa i-laser cladding, ibrush yombane yokubeka ibrashi kunye nobunye ubugcisa.
Yenza uhlengahlengiso oluchanekileyo kunye nokulinganisa ukubuyisela ukuchaneka kunye nokusebenza kwe-spindle.
Xa ulungisa i-spindle, qiniseka ukuba ukhethe i-arhente yokugcina ingcali okanye umenzi wokuqinisekisa umgangatho wokulungisa. Kwangaxeshanye, i-spindle elungisiweyo kufuneka ivavanywe ngokungqongqo kwaye iqhutywe ilingo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza kwayo kuyahlangabezana neemfuno phambi kokuba isetyenziswe.
Ukushwankathela, inkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-spindle yeziko lomatshini ilungile kwaye intsonkothile, kwaye ugcino kunye nomsebenzi wokulungisa nawo ubaluleke kakhulu. Kuphela ngobuchule obuchanekileyo bokuvelisa, ukugcinwa, kunye neendlela zokulungisa apho sinokudlala ngokupheleleyo ekusebenzeni kwe-spindle yeziko lomatshini kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso eyomeleleyo kuphuhliso lwemveliso yanamhlanje.
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kunye nobomi benkonzo ye-spindle yeziko lomatshini, ukugcinwa okuchanekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo, ukunciphisa ukushisa okusebenzayo kokuthwala kuyikhonkco elibalulekileyo ekugcinweni, kwaye indlela esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-lubricating oil. Kukho ubukhulu becala iindlela ezimbini zokuthambisa: indlela yokuthambisa i-oyile-moya kunye nokuthanjiswa kwe-oyile.
Ukuthanjiswa kweoli yokujikeleza
Xa usebenzisa i-oyile circulation lubrication, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubungakanani be-oyile kwi-spindle ye-spindle yeqondo lobushushu elingaguqukiyo itanki yanele. Ukuthanjiswa kwe-oyile kunokunciphisa ukukhuhlana kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu xa kuhlangatyezwana neemfuno zokuthambisa, kwaye kunokufunxa inxalenye yobushushu bamalungu okusonta. Ngokusetyenziswa kwe-oyile ejikelezayo rhoqo, ubushushu buyasuswa ukuze kugcinwe i-spindle isebenza phakathi koluhlu lobushushu obufanelekileyo.
Le ndlela yokuthambisa ifuna ukuhlolwa rhoqo kobungakanani be-oyile kwitanki yeoli ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-oyile eyaneleyo. Ngelo xesha, qaphela ukucoceka kweoli ukuze ugweme ukungcola ukungena kwinkqubo yokuthambisa kunye nokuchaphazela umphumo wokugcoba. Ukutshintsha rhoqo ioli kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kweoli.
Indlela yokuthambisa i-oyile-moya
Indlela yokuthambisa i-oyile-moya ichasene nokuthanjiswa kwe-oyile yokujikeleza. Ifuna kuphela ukugcwalisa i-10% yomthamo wendawo yokuzala. I-oil-air lubrication kukuxuba inani elincinci le-oyile yokuthambisa kunye negesi kuxinzelelo oluthile ukwenza umxube onjengenkungu ye-oyile kwaye uyitshize kwindawo yokuthwala ukuthambisa.
Le ndlela yokuthambisa ineengenelo zokusetyenziswa kweoyile encinci, isiphumo esihle sokuthambisa, kwaye akukho ngcoliseko kwendalo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iimfuno zokugcinwa kwe-oyile-air lubrication system ziphezulu kakhulu. Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza koxinzelelo lwegesi kunye nokunikezelwa kweoli ye-lubricating kunye ne-nozzle engabonakaliyo.
Ukuthambisa i-spindle, kukwakho iindlela ezimbini: indlela yokuthambisa inkungu yeoyile kunye nendlela yokuthambisa inaliti.
Indlela yokuthambisa i-oyile inkungu i-atomize i-oyile yokuthambisa ibe ngamasuntswana amancinane kwaye iyithuthele kwindawo ethwele i-spindle ngomoya ukuze ithambise. Le ndlela ine-lubrication efanayo kwaye inokubonelela ngefuthe elihle lokuthambisa phantsi kokujikeleza kwesantya esiphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, inkungu ye-oyile inokubangela ungcoliseko oluthile lwemekobume, kwaye amanyathelo ahambelanayo okukhusela kufuneka athathwe.
Indlela yokuthambisa inaliti itshiza ngokuthe ngqo ioyile yokuthambisa ukuya kwindawo ethwele umbhobho, enenzuzo yokujolisa okuqinileyo kunye nesiphumo esihle. Nangona kunjalo, indawo kunye ne-angle yokutshiza ye-nozzle kufuneka ilungiswe ngokuchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba isiphumo esihle sokuthambisa.
Ngamafutshane, ukugcinwa komatshini wokusonta kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokubanzi izinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukhetho lwendlela yokuthambisa, ulawulo lobungakanani be-oyile, kunye nokugcinwa kococeko. Kuphela ngokwenza umsebenzi omhle ekugcinweni kwemihla ngemihla sinokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwe-spindle, ukwandisa ubomi bayo benkonzo, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wokucubungula weziko lomatshini.
Ekusetyenzisweni okwenyani, ezi ngongoma zilandelayo kufuneka ziqatshelwe:
Jonga rhoqo ukuchaneka kunye nokuphuma kwe-spindle, kwaye ulungelelanise okanye ulungise ngexesha ukuba iingxaki zifunyenwe.
Gwema i-spindle esebenza phantsi komthwalo ogqithisiweyo okanye impembelelo yesantya esiphezulu ukukhusela umonakalo kwi-spindle.
Gcina indawo yokusebenza yeziko lomatshini licocekile ukukhusela uthuli kunye nokungcola ekungeneni kwi-spindle.
Sebenza ngokweenkqubo zokusebenza kwezixhobo ukuphepha umonakalo kwi-spindle ebangelwa yi-misoperation.
Kwi-spindle yesixhobo somatshini esibizayo, xa kukho ukungaphumeleli okanye umonakalo, ukulungiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kunokuqwalaselwa. Kukho ikakhulu ezi ndlela zilandelayo zokulungisa:
Tshintsha iindawo ezonakalisiweyo ezifana neebheringi kunye netywina.
Lungisa iindawo ezigugileyo, ezifana nokusebenzisa i-laser cladding, ibrush yombane yokubeka ibrashi kunye nobunye ubugcisa.
Yenza uhlengahlengiso oluchanekileyo kunye nokulinganisa ukubuyisela ukuchaneka kunye nokusebenza kwe-spindle.
Xa ulungisa i-spindle, qiniseka ukuba ukhethe i-arhente yokugcina ingcali okanye umenzi wokuqinisekisa umgangatho wokulungisa. Kwangaxeshanye, i-spindle elungisiweyo kufuneka ivavanywe ngokungqongqo kwaye iqhutywe ilingo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza kwayo kuyahlangabezana neemfuno phambi kokuba isetyenziswe.
Ukushwankathela, inkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-spindle yeziko lomatshini ilungile kwaye intsonkothile, kwaye ugcino kunye nomsebenzi wokulungisa nawo ubaluleke kakhulu. Kuphela ngobuchule obuchanekileyo bokuvelisa, ukugcinwa, kunye neendlela zokulungisa apho sinokudlala ngokupheleleyo ekusebenzeni kwe-spindle yeziko lomatshini kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso eyomeleleyo kuphuhliso lwemveliso yanamhlanje.