Uhlalutyo lweNkqubo yokuQhutywa kweeNdawo eziNgxamisekileyo eziChanekileyo kumaZiko oMatshini
I. Intshayelelo
Amaziko oMatshini adlala indima ebalulekileyo kwintsimi yokulungiswa kwenxalenye echanekileyo ngesantya esiphezulu. Balawula izixhobo zoomatshini ngolwazi lwedijithali, okwenza izixhobo zomatshini ziqhube ngokuzenzekelayo imisebenzi echaziweyo yokucubungula. Le ndlela yokucubungula inokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu kakhulu kunye nomgangatho ozinzile, kulula ukuyiqonda ukusebenza okuzenzekelayo, kwaye ineenzuzo zemveliso ephezulu kunye nomjikelo omfutshane wemveliso. Okwangoku, inokunciphisa inani lokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenkqubo, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuhlaziywa kwemveliso ngokukhawuleza kunye nokutshintshwa, kwaye idibaniswe ngokusondeleyo ne-CAD ukufezekisa inguqu ukusuka kuyilo ukuya kwiimveliso zokugqibela. Kubafundi abafunda ukucutshungulwa kwamacandelo achanekileyo ngesantya esiphezulu kumaziko omatshini, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda unxibelelwano phakathi kwenkqubo nganye kunye nokubaluleka kwenyathelo ngalinye. Eli nqaku liza kucacisa yonke inkqubo yokuhamba ukusuka kuhlalutyo lwemveliso ukuya ekuhlolweni kwaye uyibonise ngeemeko ezithile. Izinto zecala ziibhodi ezinombala ophindwe kabini okanye i-plexiglass.
Amaziko oMatshini adlala indima ebalulekileyo kwintsimi yokulungiswa kwenxalenye echanekileyo ngesantya esiphezulu. Balawula izixhobo zoomatshini ngolwazi lwedijithali, okwenza izixhobo zomatshini ziqhube ngokuzenzekelayo imisebenzi echaziweyo yokucubungula. Le ndlela yokucubungula inokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu kakhulu kunye nomgangatho ozinzile, kulula ukuyiqonda ukusebenza okuzenzekelayo, kwaye ineenzuzo zemveliso ephezulu kunye nomjikelo omfutshane wemveliso. Okwangoku, inokunciphisa inani lokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenkqubo, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuhlaziywa kwemveliso ngokukhawuleza kunye nokutshintshwa, kwaye idibaniswe ngokusondeleyo ne-CAD ukufezekisa inguqu ukusuka kuyilo ukuya kwiimveliso zokugqibela. Kubafundi abafunda ukucutshungulwa kwamacandelo achanekileyo ngesantya esiphezulu kumaziko omatshini, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda unxibelelwano phakathi kwenkqubo nganye kunye nokubaluleka kwenyathelo ngalinye. Eli nqaku liza kucacisa yonke inkqubo yokuhamba ukusuka kuhlalutyo lwemveliso ukuya ekuhlolweni kwaye uyibonise ngeemeko ezithile. Izinto zecala ziibhodi ezinombala ophindwe kabini okanye i-plexiglass.
II. Uhlalutyo lweMveliso
(A) Ukufumana ulwazi lokuqulunqa
Uhlalutyo lwemveliso yindawo yokuqala yokuhamba kwayo yonke inkqubo. Ngeli nqanaba, kufuneka sifumane ulwazi olwaneleyo lokuqamba. Kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zamalungu, imithombo yolwazi lokuqamba ibanzi. Umzekelo, ukuba yinxalenye yesakhiwo soomatshini, kufuneka siqonde imilo kunye nobukhulu bayo, kubandakanya idatha yejometri yobungakanani obufana nobude, ububanzi, ubude, idiameter yomngxuma, kunye nedayamitha yeshaft. Ezi datha ziya kumisela isakhelo esisisiseko sokuqhubekeka okulandelayo. Ukuba lilungu elinemigangatho egobileyo entsonkothileyo, efana neblayidi ye-injini yomoya, kuyafuneka iinkcukacha zecontour yomphezulu ogobileyo, enokufunyanwa ngobuchwepheshe obuphezulu obufana ne-3D scanning. Ukongezelela, iimfuno zokunyamezela iinxalenye nazo ziyinxalenye ephambili yolwazi lokubunjwa, oluchaza uluhlu lokuchaneka kokucubungula, njengokunyamezela kwe-dimensional, ukunyamezela imilo (ukujikeleza, ukuchaneka, njl.), kunye nokunyamezela isikhundla (i-parallelism, perpendicularity, njl.).
(A) Ukufumana ulwazi lokuqulunqa
Uhlalutyo lwemveliso yindawo yokuqala yokuhamba kwayo yonke inkqubo. Ngeli nqanaba, kufuneka sifumane ulwazi olwaneleyo lokuqamba. Kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zamalungu, imithombo yolwazi lokuqamba ibanzi. Umzekelo, ukuba yinxalenye yesakhiwo soomatshini, kufuneka siqonde imilo kunye nobukhulu bayo, kubandakanya idatha yejometri yobungakanani obufana nobude, ububanzi, ubude, idiameter yomngxuma, kunye nedayamitha yeshaft. Ezi datha ziya kumisela isakhelo esisisiseko sokuqhubekeka okulandelayo. Ukuba lilungu elinemigangatho egobileyo entsonkothileyo, efana neblayidi ye-injini yomoya, kuyafuneka iinkcukacha zecontour yomphezulu ogobileyo, enokufunyanwa ngobuchwepheshe obuphezulu obufana ne-3D scanning. Ukongezelela, iimfuno zokunyamezela iinxalenye nazo ziyinxalenye ephambili yolwazi lokubunjwa, oluchaza uluhlu lokuchaneka kokucubungula, njengokunyamezela kwe-dimensional, ukunyamezela imilo (ukujikeleza, ukuchaneka, njl.), kunye nokunyamezela isikhundla (i-parallelism, perpendicularity, njl.).
(B) Ukuchaza iiMfuno zokuSebenza
Ngaphandle kolwazi lokuqulunqa, iimfuno zokusetyenzwa nazo ziyingqwalasela yohlalutyo lwemveliso. Oku kuquka iimpawu eziphathekayo zamalungu. Iipropati zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nobunzima, ukuqina, kunye ne-ductility kuya kuchaphazela ukhetho lweteknoloji yokucubungula. Ngokomzekelo, ukucubungula i-high-hardness alloy alloy parts kunokufuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokusika kunye neeparitha zokusika. Iimfuno zomgangatho womphezulu zikwangumba obalulekileyo. Umzekelo, imfuneko yoburhabaxa bomphezulu kukuba kwezinye iindawo zamehlo ezichaneke kakhulu, uburhabaxa bomphezulu bunokufunwa ukufikelela kwinqanaba le-nanometer. Ukongeza, kukwakho nezinye iimfuno ezikhethekileyo, ezinjengokumelana nomhlwa kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kwamalungu. Ezi mfuno zinokufuna iinkqubo zonyango ezongezelelweyo emva kokucubungula.
Ngaphandle kolwazi lokuqulunqa, iimfuno zokusetyenzwa nazo ziyingqwalasela yohlalutyo lwemveliso. Oku kuquka iimpawu eziphathekayo zamalungu. Iipropati zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nobunzima, ukuqina, kunye ne-ductility kuya kuchaphazela ukhetho lweteknoloji yokucubungula. Ngokomzekelo, ukucubungula i-high-hardness alloy alloy parts kunokufuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokusika kunye neeparitha zokusika. Iimfuno zomgangatho womphezulu zikwangumba obalulekileyo. Umzekelo, imfuneko yoburhabaxa bomphezulu kukuba kwezinye iindawo zamehlo ezichaneke kakhulu, uburhabaxa bomphezulu bunokufunwa ukufikelela kwinqanaba le-nanometer. Ukongeza, kukwakho nezinye iimfuno ezikhethekileyo, ezinjengokumelana nomhlwa kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kwamalungu. Ezi mfuno zinokufuna iinkqubo zonyango ezongezelelweyo emva kokucubungula.
III. Ukwenziwa kwemizobo
(A) Isiseko soYilo oluSekwe kuHlahlelo lweMveliso
Uyilo lweGraphic lusekelwe kuhlalutyo olucacileyo lwemveliso. Ukuthatha ukusetyenzwa kwetywina njengomzekelo, okokuqala, ifonti kufuneka imiselwe ngokweemfuno zokusetyenzwa. Ukuba itywina elisemthethweni elisemthethweni, uhlobo lohlobo lweNgoma oluqhelekileyo okanye ukulinganisa kohlobo lweNgoma lunokusetyenziswa; ukuba itywina lobugcisa, ukhetho lwefonti luhluke ngakumbi, kwaye lunokuba siskripthi sokutywina, iskripthi sobufundisi, njl.njl., ezinengqiqo yobugcisa. Ubungakanani bombhalo kufuneka bugqitywe ngokobukhulu kunye nenjongo yetywina. Umzekelo, ubungakanani bombhalo wetywina lobuqu elincinci ngokwentelekiso, ngelixa ubungakanani bombhalo wetywina elisemthethweni lenkampani inkulu ngokwentelekiso. Nohlobo lwetywina lubalulekile. Kukho iimilo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nesetyhula, isikwere, kunye ne-oval. Uyilo lwemilo nganye kufuneka luthathelwe ingqalelo uyilo lwesicatshulwa sangaphakathi kunye neepateni.
(A) Isiseko soYilo oluSekwe kuHlahlelo lweMveliso
Uyilo lweGraphic lusekelwe kuhlalutyo olucacileyo lwemveliso. Ukuthatha ukusetyenzwa kwetywina njengomzekelo, okokuqala, ifonti kufuneka imiselwe ngokweemfuno zokusetyenzwa. Ukuba itywina elisemthethweni elisemthethweni, uhlobo lohlobo lweNgoma oluqhelekileyo okanye ukulinganisa kohlobo lweNgoma lunokusetyenziswa; ukuba itywina lobugcisa, ukhetho lwefonti luhluke ngakumbi, kwaye lunokuba siskripthi sokutywina, iskripthi sobufundisi, njl.njl., ezinengqiqo yobugcisa. Ubungakanani bombhalo kufuneka bugqitywe ngokobukhulu kunye nenjongo yetywina. Umzekelo, ubungakanani bombhalo wetywina lobuqu elincinci ngokwentelekiso, ngelixa ubungakanani bombhalo wetywina elisemthethweni lenkampani inkulu ngokwentelekiso. Nohlobo lwetywina lubalulekile. Kukho iimilo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nesetyhula, isikwere, kunye ne-oval. Uyilo lwemilo nganye kufuneka luthathelwe ingqalelo uyilo lwesicatshulwa sangaphakathi kunye neepateni.
(B) Ukwenza iiGraphics usebenzisa iProfessor yobuNgcali
Emva kokumisela ezi zinto zisisiseko, isoftware yoyilo lwegraphic kufuneka isetyenziswe ukwenza imizobo. Kwimizobo elula enemigangatho emibini, isoftware efana ne-AutoCAD ingasetyenziswa. Kule software, ulwandlalo lwenxalenye lunokuzotywa ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye ubukhulu, umbala, njl njl. yemigca inokumiselwa. Kwimizobo entsonkothileyo enamacala amathathu, isoftware yemodeli enemigangatho emithathu efana neSolidWorks kunye neUG kufuneka isetyenziswe. Le software inokudala iimodeli zenxalenye enemigangatho egobileyo entsonkothileyo kunye nezakhiwo ezomeleleyo, kwaye inokwenza uyilo lweparametric, iququzelele ukuguqulwa kunye nokwenza ngcono imizobo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yoyilo lomzobo, iimfuno zetekhnoloji yokucubungula elandelayo nazo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Umzekelo, ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukwenziwa kweendlela zesixhobo, imizobo kufuneka yahlulwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye yahlulwe.
Emva kokumisela ezi zinto zisisiseko, isoftware yoyilo lwegraphic kufuneka isetyenziswe ukwenza imizobo. Kwimizobo elula enemigangatho emibini, isoftware efana ne-AutoCAD ingasetyenziswa. Kule software, ulwandlalo lwenxalenye lunokuzotywa ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye ubukhulu, umbala, njl njl. yemigca inokumiselwa. Kwimizobo entsonkothileyo enamacala amathathu, isoftware yemodeli enemigangatho emithathu efana neSolidWorks kunye neUG kufuneka isetyenziswe. Le software inokudala iimodeli zenxalenye enemigangatho egobileyo entsonkothileyo kunye nezakhiwo ezomeleleyo, kwaye inokwenza uyilo lweparametric, iququzelele ukuguqulwa kunye nokwenza ngcono imizobo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yoyilo lomzobo, iimfuno zetekhnoloji yokucubungula elandelayo nazo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Umzekelo, ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukwenziwa kweendlela zesixhobo, imizobo kufuneka yahlulwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye yahlulwe.
IV. UCwangciso lweNkqubo
(A) Amanyathelo okuCwangcisa okuCwangciswayo kwi-Global Perspective
Ukucwangciswa kwenkqubo kukuseka ngokufanelekileyo inyathelo ngalinye lokucubungula ukusuka kumbono wehlabathi ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo olunzulu lwenkangeleko kunye neemfuno zokucubungula imveliso yomsebenzi. Oku kufuna ukuba kuqwalaselwe ulandelelwano lokucutshungulwa, iindlela zokulungisa, kunye nezixhobo zokusika kunye nezixhobo eziza kusetyenziswa. Kumalungu aneempawu ezininzi, kuyafuneka ukugqiba ukuba loluphi uphawu ekufuneka luqhubekeke kuqala kwaye leliphi eliza kuqhubekekiswa kamva. Umzekelo, kwinxalenye enemingxuma yomibini kunye neenqwelomoya, ngokuqhelekileyo inqwelomoya icutshungulwa kuqala ukuze ibonelele ngomphezulu ozinzileyo wereferensi wokusetyenzwa komngxuma olandelayo. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokucubungula kuxhomekeke kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuma kwenxalenye. Umzekelo, ukwenzela ukusetyenzwa komphezulu wesetyhula yangaphandle, ukujika, ukugaya, njl. ukulungiswa komngxuma wangaphakathi, ukugrumba, ukudika, njl.
(A) Amanyathelo okuCwangcisa okuCwangciswayo kwi-Global Perspective
Ukucwangciswa kwenkqubo kukuseka ngokufanelekileyo inyathelo ngalinye lokucubungula ukusuka kumbono wehlabathi ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo olunzulu lwenkangeleko kunye neemfuno zokucubungula imveliso yomsebenzi. Oku kufuna ukuba kuqwalaselwe ulandelelwano lokucutshungulwa, iindlela zokulungisa, kunye nezixhobo zokusika kunye nezixhobo eziza kusetyenziswa. Kumalungu aneempawu ezininzi, kuyafuneka ukugqiba ukuba loluphi uphawu ekufuneka luqhubekeke kuqala kwaye leliphi eliza kuqhubekekiswa kamva. Umzekelo, kwinxalenye enemingxuma yomibini kunye neenqwelomoya, ngokuqhelekileyo inqwelomoya icutshungulwa kuqala ukuze ibonelele ngomphezulu ozinzileyo wereferensi wokusetyenzwa komngxuma olandelayo. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokucubungula kuxhomekeke kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuma kwenxalenye. Umzekelo, ukwenzela ukusetyenzwa komphezulu wesetyhula yangaphandle, ukujika, ukugaya, njl. ukulungiswa komngxuma wangaphakathi, ukugrumba, ukudika, njl.
(B) Ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokusika kunye nezilungiso
Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zokusika kunye nezixhobo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokucwangcisa inkqubo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zokusika, kubandakanywa izixhobo zokuguqula, izixhobo zokugaya, ii-drill bits, izixhobo ezithandekayo, njl., Kwaye uhlobo ngalunye lwesixhobo sokusika luneemodeli ezahlukeneyo kunye neeparitha. Xa ukhetha izixhobo zokusika, izinto ezifana nezixhobo zenxalenye, ukuchaneka kokucubungula, kunye nomgangatho wokulungiswa komphezulu kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ngokomzekelo, izixhobo zokusika i-speed-speed steel zingasetyenziselwa ukucubungula i-aluminium alloy alloy parts, ngelixa izixhobo zokusika i-carbide okanye izixhobo zokusika i-ceramic zifunwa ukucubungula iinxalenye zetsimbi ezinzima. Umsebenzi wezixhobo kukulungisa i-workpiece ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuchaneka ngexesha lokucubungula. Iindidi zokulungisa eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-chucks yemihlathi emithathu, ii-chucks ezine-jaw, kunye ne-flat-mouth pliers. Kwiindawo ezinemilo engaqhelekanga, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zingadinga ukuyilwa. Ekucwangcisweni kwenkqubo, izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zikhethwe ngokwemilo kunye neemfuno zokucubungula inxalenye ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-workpiece ayiyi kukhutshwa okanye ikhubazeke ngexesha lokucubungula.
Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zokusika kunye nezixhobo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokucwangcisa inkqubo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zokusika, kubandakanywa izixhobo zokuguqula, izixhobo zokugaya, ii-drill bits, izixhobo ezithandekayo, njl., Kwaye uhlobo ngalunye lwesixhobo sokusika luneemodeli ezahlukeneyo kunye neeparitha. Xa ukhetha izixhobo zokusika, izinto ezifana nezixhobo zenxalenye, ukuchaneka kokucubungula, kunye nomgangatho wokulungiswa komphezulu kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ngokomzekelo, izixhobo zokusika i-speed-speed steel zingasetyenziselwa ukucubungula i-aluminium alloy alloy parts, ngelixa izixhobo zokusika i-carbide okanye izixhobo zokusika i-ceramic zifunwa ukucubungula iinxalenye zetsimbi ezinzima. Umsebenzi wezixhobo kukulungisa i-workpiece ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuchaneka ngexesha lokucubungula. Iindidi zokulungisa eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-chucks yemihlathi emithathu, ii-chucks ezine-jaw, kunye ne-flat-mouth pliers. Kwiindawo ezinemilo engaqhelekanga, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zingadinga ukuyilwa. Ekucwangcisweni kwenkqubo, izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zikhethwe ngokwemilo kunye neemfuno zokucubungula inxalenye ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-workpiece ayiyi kukhutshwa okanye ikhubazeke ngexesha lokucubungula.
V. Isizukulwana seNdlela
(A) Ukuphunyezwa koCwangciso lweNkqubo ngeSoftware
Ukuveliswa kwendlela yinkqubo yokuphumeza ngokukodwa ucwangciso lwenkqubo ngesoftware. Kule nkqubo, iigraphics ezicwangcisiweyo kunye neeparameters ezicwangcisiweyo zenkqubo kufuneka zifakwe kwi-software yokulawula amanani njenge-MasterCAM kunye neCimatron. Ezi software ziya kuvelisa iindlela zesixhobo ngokolwazi lwegalelo. Xa uvelisa iindlela zesixhobo, izinto ezifana nohlobo, ubungakanani, kunye neeparitha zokusika izixhobo zokusika kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Umzekelo, ukucutshungulwa kokugaya, i-diameter, isantya sokujikeleza, ireyithi yokutya, kunye nobunzulu bokusika isixhobo sokusila kufuneka simiselwe. Isofthiwe iya kubala i-trajectory yentshukumo yesixhobo sokusika kwi-workpiece ngokwezi parameters kwaye ivelise iikhowudi ze-G ezihambelanayo kunye neekhowudi ze-M. Ezi khowudi ziya kukhokela isixhobo somatshini ukusetyenzwa.
(A) Ukuphunyezwa koCwangciso lweNkqubo ngeSoftware
Ukuveliswa kwendlela yinkqubo yokuphumeza ngokukodwa ucwangciso lwenkqubo ngesoftware. Kule nkqubo, iigraphics ezicwangcisiweyo kunye neeparameters ezicwangcisiweyo zenkqubo kufuneka zifakwe kwi-software yokulawula amanani njenge-MasterCAM kunye neCimatron. Ezi software ziya kuvelisa iindlela zesixhobo ngokolwazi lwegalelo. Xa uvelisa iindlela zesixhobo, izinto ezifana nohlobo, ubungakanani, kunye neeparitha zokusika izixhobo zokusika kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Umzekelo, ukucutshungulwa kokugaya, i-diameter, isantya sokujikeleza, ireyithi yokutya, kunye nobunzulu bokusika isixhobo sokusila kufuneka simiselwe. Isofthiwe iya kubala i-trajectory yentshukumo yesixhobo sokusika kwi-workpiece ngokwezi parameters kwaye ivelise iikhowudi ze-G ezihambelanayo kunye neekhowudi ze-M. Ezi khowudi ziya kukhokela isixhobo somatshini ukusetyenzwa.
(B) Ukuphucula iiParamitha zeNdlela yeSixhobo
Ngexesha elifanayo, iiparamitha zendlela yesixhobo ziphuculwe ngokucwangcisa ipharamitha. Ukuphucula indlela yesixhobo kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukunciphisa iindleko zokucwangcisa, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokucubungula. Ngokomzekelo, ixesha lokucubungula lingancitshiswa ngokulungelelanisa iiparitha zokusika ngelixa uqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokucubungula. Indlela yesixhobo esinengqiqo kufuneka inciphise i-stroke engasebenziyo kwaye igcine isixhobo sokusika kwintshukumo eqhubekayo yokusika ngexesha lokucubungula. Ukongezelela, ukunxiba kwesixhobo sokusika kunokuncitshiswa ngokulungisa indlela yesixhobo, kwaye ubomi benkonzo yesixhobo sokusika bunokwandiswa. Ngokomzekelo, ngokwamkela ulandelelwano olufanelekileyo lokusika kunye nesikhokelo sokusika, isixhobo sokusika sinokuthintelwa ukuba singabikho rhoqo kwaye siphume ngexesha lokucubungula, ukunciphisa impembelelo kwisixhobo sokusika.
Ngexesha elifanayo, iiparamitha zendlela yesixhobo ziphuculwe ngokucwangcisa ipharamitha. Ukuphucula indlela yesixhobo kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukunciphisa iindleko zokucwangcisa, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokucubungula. Ngokomzekelo, ixesha lokucubungula lingancitshiswa ngokulungelelanisa iiparitha zokusika ngelixa uqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokucubungula. Indlela yesixhobo esinengqiqo kufuneka inciphise i-stroke engasebenziyo kwaye igcine isixhobo sokusika kwintshukumo eqhubekayo yokusika ngexesha lokucubungula. Ukongezelela, ukunxiba kwesixhobo sokusika kunokuncitshiswa ngokulungisa indlela yesixhobo, kwaye ubomi benkonzo yesixhobo sokusika bunokwandiswa. Ngokomzekelo, ngokwamkela ulandelelwano olufanelekileyo lokusika kunye nesikhokelo sokusika, isixhobo sokusika sinokuthintelwa ukuba singabikho rhoqo kwaye siphume ngexesha lokucubungula, ukunciphisa impembelelo kwisixhobo sokusika.
VI. Ukulinganisa kwendlela
(A) Ukukhangela iingxaki ezinokwenzeka
Emva kokuba umendo wenziwe, sihlala singenalo imvakalelo ecacileyo malunga nokusebenza kwayo kokugqibela kwisixhobo somatshini. Ukulinganisa kwendlela kukukhangela iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ukuze kuncitshiswe isantya esilahliweyo sokusetyenzwa. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokulinganisa indlela, umphumo wembonakalo yomsebenzi ujongwa ngokubanzi. Ngokusebenzisa ukulinganisa, kunokubonwa ukuba umphezulu wecandelo elicutshungulwayo ligudile, nokuba kukho iimpawu zesixhobo, imikrwelo, kunye nezinye iziphene. Ngexesha elifanayo, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuba kukho ukugqithisa okanye ukusika. Ukusika ngokugqithiseleyo kuya kubangela ukuba ubukhulu becala bube buncinci kunobukhulu obuyiliweyo, obuchaphazela ukusebenza kwenxalenye; ukusika ngaphantsi kuya kwenza ubungakanani benxalenye ibe nkulu kwaye kunokufuna ukusetyenzwa kwesibini.
(A) Ukukhangela iingxaki ezinokwenzeka
Emva kokuba umendo wenziwe, sihlala singenalo imvakalelo ecacileyo malunga nokusebenza kwayo kokugqibela kwisixhobo somatshini. Ukulinganisa kwendlela kukukhangela iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ukuze kuncitshiswe isantya esilahliweyo sokusetyenzwa. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokulinganisa indlela, umphumo wembonakalo yomsebenzi ujongwa ngokubanzi. Ngokusebenzisa ukulinganisa, kunokubonwa ukuba umphezulu wecandelo elicutshungulwayo ligudile, nokuba kukho iimpawu zesixhobo, imikrwelo, kunye nezinye iziphene. Ngexesha elifanayo, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuba kukho ukugqithisa okanye ukusika. Ukusika ngokugqithiseleyo kuya kubangela ukuba ubukhulu becala bube buncinci kunobukhulu obuyiliweyo, obuchaphazela ukusebenza kwenxalenye; ukusika ngaphantsi kuya kwenza ubungakanani benxalenye ibe nkulu kwaye kunokufuna ukusetyenzwa kwesibini.
(B) Ukuvavanya ingqiqo yoCwangciso lweNkqubo
Ukongezelela, kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya ukuba ukucwangciswa kwenkqubo yendlela kunengqiqo. Ngokomzekelo, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuba ngaba kukho ukujika okungenangqiqo, ukuyeka ngokukhawuleza, njl. kwindlela yesixhobo. Ezi meko zinokubangela umonakalo kwisixhobo sokusika kunye nokunciphisa ukuchaneka kokucubungula. Ngokusebenzisa ukulinganisa kwendlela, ukucwangciswa kwenkqubo kunokuphuculwa ngakumbi, kwaye indlela yesixhobo kunye neeparitha zokucubungula zingatshintshwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba inxalenye inokucutshungulwa ngempumelelo ngexesha lenkqubo yokucubungula ngokwenene kwaye umgangatho wokucubungula unokuqinisekiswa.
Ukongezelela, kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya ukuba ukucwangciswa kwenkqubo yendlela kunengqiqo. Ngokomzekelo, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuba ngaba kukho ukujika okungenangqiqo, ukuyeka ngokukhawuleza, njl. kwindlela yesixhobo. Ezi meko zinokubangela umonakalo kwisixhobo sokusika kunye nokunciphisa ukuchaneka kokucubungula. Ngokusebenzisa ukulinganisa kwendlela, ukucwangciswa kwenkqubo kunokuphuculwa ngakumbi, kwaye indlela yesixhobo kunye neeparitha zokucubungula zingatshintshwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba inxalenye inokucutshungulwa ngempumelelo ngexesha lenkqubo yokucubungula ngokwenene kwaye umgangatho wokucubungula unokuqinisekiswa.
VII. Isiphumo seNdlela
(A) Ikhonkco phakathi kweSoftware kunye nesixhobo soMatshini
Ukukhutshwa kwendlela linyathelo eliyimfuneko lenkqubo yoyilo lwesoftware ekufuneka iphunyezwe kwisixhobo somatshini. Iseka unxibelelwano phakathi kwesoftware kunye nesixhobo somatshini. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuphuma kwendlela, iikhowudi ze-G ezenziweyo kunye neekhowudi ze-M kufuneka zidluliselwe kwinkqubo yokulawula isixhobo somatshini ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezithile zokuhambisa. Iindlela zothumelo eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-RS232 yonxibelelwano lwe-serial port, unxibelelwano lwe-Ethernet, kunye ne-USB interface transmission. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokudlulisa, ukuchaneka kunye nokunyaniseka kweekhowudi kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha ukulahleka kwekhowudi okanye iimpazamo.
(A) Ikhonkco phakathi kweSoftware kunye nesixhobo soMatshini
Ukukhutshwa kwendlela linyathelo eliyimfuneko lenkqubo yoyilo lwesoftware ekufuneka iphunyezwe kwisixhobo somatshini. Iseka unxibelelwano phakathi kwesoftware kunye nesixhobo somatshini. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuphuma kwendlela, iikhowudi ze-G ezenziweyo kunye neekhowudi ze-M kufuneka zidluliselwe kwinkqubo yokulawula isixhobo somatshini ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezithile zokuhambisa. Iindlela zothumelo eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-RS232 yonxibelelwano lwe-serial port, unxibelelwano lwe-Ethernet, kunye ne-USB interface transmission. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokudlulisa, ukuchaneka kunye nokunyaniseka kweekhowudi kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha ukulahleka kwekhowudi okanye iimpazamo.
(B) Ukuqondwa kweNdlela yeSixhobo emva kokulungiswa
Kubafundi abanemvelaphi yobuchwephesha bolawulo lwamanani, imveliso yendlela inokuqondwa njengokwenziwa emva kokulungiswa kwendlela yesixhobo. Injongo ye-post-processing kukuguqula iikhowudi eziveliswa yi-software yolawulo lwamanani ngokubanzi kwiikhowudi ezinokuthi ziqatshelwe yinkqubo yokulawula isixhobo esithile somatshini. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo zokulawula izixhobo zomatshini zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zefomathi kunye nemiyalelo yeekhowudi, ngoko ke kufuneka i-post-processing. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokupakisha, izicwangciso kufuneka zenziwe ngokwezinto ezifana nomzekelo wesixhobo somatshini kunye nohlobo lwenkqubo yokulawula ukuqinisekisa ukuba iikhowudi zokuphuma ziyakwazi ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo isixhobo somatshini ukusetyenzwa.
Kubafundi abanemvelaphi yobuchwephesha bolawulo lwamanani, imveliso yendlela inokuqondwa njengokwenziwa emva kokulungiswa kwendlela yesixhobo. Injongo ye-post-processing kukuguqula iikhowudi eziveliswa yi-software yolawulo lwamanani ngokubanzi kwiikhowudi ezinokuthi ziqatshelwe yinkqubo yokulawula isixhobo esithile somatshini. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo zokulawula izixhobo zomatshini zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zefomathi kunye nemiyalelo yeekhowudi, ngoko ke kufuneka i-post-processing. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokupakisha, izicwangciso kufuneka zenziwe ngokwezinto ezifana nomzekelo wesixhobo somatshini kunye nohlobo lwenkqubo yokulawula ukuqinisekisa ukuba iikhowudi zokuphuma ziyakwazi ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo isixhobo somatshini ukusetyenzwa.
VIII. Iyaqhuba
(A) ULungiselelo lweSixhobo soMatshini kunye nokuSekwa kweParameter
Emva kokugqiba imveliso yendlela, isigaba sokucubungula singeniswa. Okokuqala, isixhobo somatshini kufuneka silungiselelwe, kubandakanywa ukujonga ukuba inxalenye nganye yesixhobo somatshini iqhelekile, njengokuba i-spindle, i-rail yesikhokelo kunye ne-screw rod isebenza kakuhle. Emva koko, iiparamitha zesixhobo somatshini kufuneka zibekwe ngokweemfuno zokusetyenzwa, njengesantya sokujikeleza kwe-spindle, isantya sokutya, kunye nobunzulu bokusika. Ezi parameters kufuneka zihambelane nezo zisetiweyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokucubungula iqhubela phambili ngokwendlela yesixhobo esinqunywe kwangaphambili. Ngexesha elifanayo, i-workpiece kufuneka ifakwe ngokuchanekileyo kwi-fixture ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwendawo yokusebenza.
(A) ULungiselelo lweSixhobo soMatshini kunye nokuSekwa kweParameter
Emva kokugqiba imveliso yendlela, isigaba sokucubungula singeniswa. Okokuqala, isixhobo somatshini kufuneka silungiselelwe, kubandakanywa ukujonga ukuba inxalenye nganye yesixhobo somatshini iqhelekile, njengokuba i-spindle, i-rail yesikhokelo kunye ne-screw rod isebenza kakuhle. Emva koko, iiparamitha zesixhobo somatshini kufuneka zibekwe ngokweemfuno zokusetyenzwa, njengesantya sokujikeleza kwe-spindle, isantya sokutya, kunye nobunzulu bokusika. Ezi parameters kufuneka zihambelane nezo zisetiweyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokucubungula iqhubela phambili ngokwendlela yesixhobo esinqunywe kwangaphambili. Ngexesha elifanayo, i-workpiece kufuneka ifakwe ngokuchanekileyo kwi-fixture ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwendawo yokusebenza.
(B) Ukubeka iliso kunye noLungelelaniso lweNkqubo
Ngethuba lenkqubo yokucubungula, imeko esebenzayo yesixhobo somatshini kufuneka ibekwe esweni. Ngokusebenzisa isikrini sokubonisa isixhobo somatshini, utshintsho kwiiparamitha zokucubungula ezifana nomthwalo we-spindle kunye namandla okusika kunokubonwa ngexesha langempela. Ukuba iparamitha engaqhelekanga ifunyenwe, njengomthwalo ogqithisiweyo we-spindle, unokubangelwa yizinto ezifana nokunxiba izixhobo kunye neeparitha zokusika ezingenangqiqo, kwaye kufuneka zilungiswe ngokukhawuleza. Ngelo xesha, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwisandi kunye nokunyakaza kwenkqubo yokucubungula. Izandi ezingaqhelekanga kunye neentshukumo zingabonisa ukuba kukho ingxaki kwisixhobo somatshini okanye isixhobo sokusika. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokucubungula, umgangatho wokucubungula nawo kufuneka uthathwe isampuli kwaye uhlolwe, njengokusebenzisa izixhobo zokulinganisa ukulinganisa ubungakanani bokucubungula kunye nokujonga umgangatho womsebenzi wokucubungula, kunye nokufumanisa ngokukhawuleza iingxaki kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okuphucula.
Ngethuba lenkqubo yokucubungula, imeko esebenzayo yesixhobo somatshini kufuneka ibekwe esweni. Ngokusebenzisa isikrini sokubonisa isixhobo somatshini, utshintsho kwiiparamitha zokucubungula ezifana nomthwalo we-spindle kunye namandla okusika kunokubonwa ngexesha langempela. Ukuba iparamitha engaqhelekanga ifunyenwe, njengomthwalo ogqithisiweyo we-spindle, unokubangelwa yizinto ezifana nokunxiba izixhobo kunye neeparitha zokusika ezingenangqiqo, kwaye kufuneka zilungiswe ngokukhawuleza. Ngelo xesha, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwisandi kunye nokunyakaza kwenkqubo yokucubungula. Izandi ezingaqhelekanga kunye neentshukumo zingabonisa ukuba kukho ingxaki kwisixhobo somatshini okanye isixhobo sokusika. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokucubungula, umgangatho wokucubungula nawo kufuneka uthathwe isampuli kwaye uhlolwe, njengokusebenzisa izixhobo zokulinganisa ukulinganisa ubungakanani bokucubungula kunye nokujonga umgangatho womsebenzi wokucubungula, kunye nokufumanisa ngokukhawuleza iingxaki kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okuphucula.
IX. Ukuhlolwa
(A) Ukusebenzisa iindlela zokuHlola ezininzi
Ukuhlolwa sisigaba sokugqibela sokuhamba komsebenzi wonke kwaye linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhlola, iindlela ezininzi zokuhlola kufuneka zisetyenziswe. Ukuhlolwa kokuchaneka kwe-dimensional, izixhobo zokulinganisa ezifana ne-vernier calipers, micrometers, kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa ezintathu zinokusetyenziswa. I-Vernier calipers kunye ne-micrometers zifanelekile ukulinganisa imilinganiselo elula yomgca, ngelixa izixhobo ezintathu zokulinganisa izixhobo zinokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo imilinganiselo emithathu kunye neempazamo zemilo yeendawo ezinzima. Ukuhlolwa komgangatho womphezulu, imitha erhabaxa ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu, kunye ne-optical microscope okanye i-electronic microscope ingasetyenziswa ukujonga i-surface microscopic morphology, ukujonga ukuba akukho ntandabuzo, imingxuma, kunye nezinye iziphene.
(A) Ukusebenzisa iindlela zokuHlola ezininzi
Ukuhlolwa sisigaba sokugqibela sokuhamba komsebenzi wonke kwaye linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhlola, iindlela ezininzi zokuhlola kufuneka zisetyenziswe. Ukuhlolwa kokuchaneka kwe-dimensional, izixhobo zokulinganisa ezifana ne-vernier calipers, micrometers, kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa ezintathu zinokusetyenziswa. I-Vernier calipers kunye ne-micrometers zifanelekile ukulinganisa imilinganiselo elula yomgca, ngelixa izixhobo ezintathu zokulinganisa izixhobo zinokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo imilinganiselo emithathu kunye neempazamo zemilo yeendawo ezinzima. Ukuhlolwa komgangatho womphezulu, imitha erhabaxa ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu, kunye ne-optical microscope okanye i-electronic microscope ingasetyenziswa ukujonga i-surface microscopic morphology, ukujonga ukuba akukho ntandabuzo, imingxuma, kunye nezinye iziphene.
(B) UVavanyo loMgangatho kunye neNgxelo
Ngokweziphumo zokuhlola, umgangatho wemveliso uyavavanywa. Ukuba umgangatho wemveliso uhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo, unokungena kwinkqubo elandelayo okanye upakishwe kwaye ugcinwe. Ukuba umgangatho wemveliso awuhambelani neemfuno, izizathu kufuneka zihlalutywe. Isenokuba ngenxa yeengxaki zenkqubo, iingxaki zesixhobo, iingxaki zesixhobo somatshini, njl. Amanyathelo kufuneka athathwe ukuphucula, njengokulungelelanisa iiparameters zenkqubo, ukutshintshwa kwezixhobo, ukulungisa izixhobo zomatshini, njl. Kwangaxeshanye, iziphumo zohlolo kufuneka zinikwe umva kwinkqubo yangaphambili yokuqhuba ukubonelela ngesiseko sokuphucula inkqubo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho.
Ngokweziphumo zokuhlola, umgangatho wemveliso uyavavanywa. Ukuba umgangatho wemveliso uhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo, unokungena kwinkqubo elandelayo okanye upakishwe kwaye ugcinwe. Ukuba umgangatho wemveliso awuhambelani neemfuno, izizathu kufuneka zihlalutywe. Isenokuba ngenxa yeengxaki zenkqubo, iingxaki zesixhobo, iingxaki zesixhobo somatshini, njl. Amanyathelo kufuneka athathwe ukuphucula, njengokulungelelanisa iiparameters zenkqubo, ukutshintshwa kwezixhobo, ukulungisa izixhobo zomatshini, njl. Kwangaxeshanye, iziphumo zohlolo kufuneka zinikwe umva kwinkqubo yangaphambili yokuqhuba ukubonelela ngesiseko sokuphucula inkqubo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho.
X. Isishwankathelo
Ukuhamba kokulungiswa kweendawo ezichanekileyo zesantya esiphezulu kumaziko omatshini yinkqubo enzima kwaye engqongqo. Inqanaba ngalinye ukusuka kuhlalutyo lwemveliso ukuya ekuhlolweni lidityanisiwe kwaye lichaphazela ngokufanayo. Kuphela ngokuqonda ngokunzulu ukubaluleka kunye neendlela zokusebenza zenqanaba ngalinye kunye nokunikela ingqalelo ekudibaneni phakathi kwezigaba ezinokuthi iinxalenye ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo ziqhutywe ngokufanelekileyo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu. Abaqeqeshwayo kufuneka baqokelele amava kwaye baphucule izakhono zokucwangcisa ngokudibanisa ukufunda kwethiyori kunye nokusebenza kwepraktikhali ngexesha lenkqubo yokufunda ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zemveliso yale mihla ukulungiselela ukusetyenzwa kwenxalenye echanekileyo ngesantya esiphezulu. Okwangoku, ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe, itekhnoloji yamaziko omatshini ihlaziywa rhoqo, kwaye ukuhamba komsebenzi kufuneka kuphuculwe ngokuqhubekayo kwaye kuphuculwe ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso loshishino lokuvelisa.
Ukuhamba kokulungiswa kweendawo ezichanekileyo zesantya esiphezulu kumaziko omatshini yinkqubo enzima kwaye engqongqo. Inqanaba ngalinye ukusuka kuhlalutyo lwemveliso ukuya ekuhlolweni lidityanisiwe kwaye lichaphazela ngokufanayo. Kuphela ngokuqonda ngokunzulu ukubaluleka kunye neendlela zokusebenza zenqanaba ngalinye kunye nokunikela ingqalelo ekudibaneni phakathi kwezigaba ezinokuthi iinxalenye ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo ziqhutywe ngokufanelekileyo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu. Abaqeqeshwayo kufuneka baqokelele amava kwaye baphucule izakhono zokucwangcisa ngokudibanisa ukufunda kwethiyori kunye nokusebenza kwepraktikhali ngexesha lenkqubo yokufunda ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zemveliso yale mihla ukulungiselela ukusetyenzwa kwenxalenye echanekileyo ngesantya esiphezulu. Okwangoku, ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe, itekhnoloji yamaziko omatshini ihlaziywa rhoqo, kwaye ukuhamba komsebenzi kufuneka kuphuculwe ngokuqhubekayo kwaye kuphuculwe ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso loshishino lokuvelisa.