Uhlalutyo olunzulu kunye nokuPhuculwa kweDatum yeNdawo yeMachining kunye neFixtures kuMaziko oMatshini
I-Abstract: Eli phepha lichaza ngokubanzi kwiimfuno kunye nemigaqo ye-machining indawo datum kumaziko omatshini, kunye nolwazi olufanelekileyo malunga nokulungiswa, kubandakanywa iimfuno ezisisiseko, iintlobo eziqhelekileyo, kunye nemigaqo yokukhethwa kwezixhobo. Iphonononga ngokucokisekileyo ukubaluleka kunye nokunxibelelana kwezi zinto kwinkqubo yokutshiza yamaziko omatshini, ejolise ekuboneleleni ngesiseko esibanzi kunye nesinzulu sethiyori kunye nesikhokelo esisebenzayo kwiingcali kunye neengcali ezifanelekileyo kwinkalo yomatshini wokwenza izinto, ukuze kuphunyezwe ukulungelelaniswa kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka komatshini, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho.
I. Intshayelelo
Amaziko oMatshini, njengohlobo oluchanekileyo oluphezulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wezixhobo ezizisebenzelayo zoomatshini, akwindawo ebaluleke kakhulu kushishino lokwenziwa koomatshini bale mihla. Inkqubo yomatshini ibandakanya amakhonkco amaninzi anzima, kwaye ukhetho lwedatha yendawo yomatshini kunye nokumiselwa kwezixhobo ziphakathi kwezinto eziphambili. I-datum yendawo enengqiqo inokuqinisekisa indawo echanekileyo ye-workpiece ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini, ukubonelela ngesiqalo esichanekileyo semisebenzi yokusika elandelayo; i-fixture efanelekileyo inokubamba ngokuzinzileyo i-workpiece, iqinisekisa inkqubela phambili egudileyo yenkqubo yomatshini kwaye, ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, echaphazela ukuchaneka komatshini kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Ke ngoko, uphando olunzulu malunga nedatha yendawo yomatshini kunye nokulungiswa kumaziko omatshini wokwenza izinto ngokubaluleka okukhulu kwethiyori kunye nokusebenzayo.
Amaziko oMatshini, njengohlobo oluchanekileyo oluphezulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wezixhobo ezizisebenzelayo zoomatshini, akwindawo ebaluleke kakhulu kushishino lokwenziwa koomatshini bale mihla. Inkqubo yomatshini ibandakanya amakhonkco amaninzi anzima, kwaye ukhetho lwedatha yendawo yomatshini kunye nokumiselwa kwezixhobo ziphakathi kwezinto eziphambili. I-datum yendawo enengqiqo inokuqinisekisa indawo echanekileyo ye-workpiece ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini, ukubonelela ngesiqalo esichanekileyo semisebenzi yokusika elandelayo; i-fixture efanelekileyo inokubamba ngokuzinzileyo i-workpiece, iqinisekisa inkqubela phambili egudileyo yenkqubo yomatshini kwaye, ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, echaphazela ukuchaneka komatshini kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Ke ngoko, uphando olunzulu malunga nedatha yendawo yomatshini kunye nokulungiswa kumaziko omatshini wokwenza izinto ngokubaluleka okukhulu kwethiyori kunye nokusebenzayo.
II. Iimfuno kunye neMigaqo yokuKhetha iDatum kumaZiko oMatshini
(A) IiMfuno eziNtathu eziSisiseko zokuKhetha iDatum
1. Indawo echanekileyo kunye neLungelo, uLungiso oluthembekileyo
Indawo echanekileyo yimeko ephambili yokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komatshini. Umphezulu we-datum kufuneka ube nokuchaneka okwaneleyo kunye nokuzinza ukucacisa ngokuchanekileyo indawo ye-workpiece kwinkqubo yokulungelelanisa yeziko lomatshini. Ngokomzekelo, xa ugaya inqwelomoya, ukuba kukho impazamo enkulu yokusila kumphezulu wendawo yedatum, oko kuya kubangela ukutenxa phakathi kwenqwelomoya eyenziwe ngoomatshini kunye neemfuno zoyilo.
Ukulungiswa okufanelekileyo kunye nokuthembekileyo kuhambelana nokusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lomatshini. Indlela yokulungisa i-fixture kunye ne-workpiece kufuneka ibe lula kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa, eyenza ukuba i-workpiece ifakwe ngokukhawuleza kwi-worktable yeziko lomatshini kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba i-workpiece ayiyi kutshintsha okanye ikhululeke ngexesha lenkqubo yokucoca. Umzekelo, ngokusebenzisa i-clamping force efanelekileyo kunye nokukhetha iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokubambelela, ukuguqulwa kwendawo yokusebenza ngenxa yamandla okudibanisa ngokugqithiseleyo kunokuthintelwa, kunye nokuhamba kwendawo yokusebenza ngexesha lomatshini ngenxa yokungonelanga kwamandla okubamba kunokuthintelwa.
Indawo echanekileyo yimeko ephambili yokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komatshini. Umphezulu we-datum kufuneka ube nokuchaneka okwaneleyo kunye nokuzinza ukucacisa ngokuchanekileyo indawo ye-workpiece kwinkqubo yokulungelelanisa yeziko lomatshini. Ngokomzekelo, xa ugaya inqwelomoya, ukuba kukho impazamo enkulu yokusila kumphezulu wendawo yedatum, oko kuya kubangela ukutenxa phakathi kwenqwelomoya eyenziwe ngoomatshini kunye neemfuno zoyilo.
Ukulungiswa okufanelekileyo kunye nokuthembekileyo kuhambelana nokusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lomatshini. Indlela yokulungisa i-fixture kunye ne-workpiece kufuneka ibe lula kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa, eyenza ukuba i-workpiece ifakwe ngokukhawuleza kwi-worktable yeziko lomatshini kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba i-workpiece ayiyi kutshintsha okanye ikhululeke ngexesha lenkqubo yokucoca. Umzekelo, ngokusebenzisa i-clamping force efanelekileyo kunye nokukhetha iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokubambelela, ukuguqulwa kwendawo yokusebenza ngenxa yamandla okudibanisa ngokugqithiseleyo kunokuthintelwa, kunye nokuhamba kwendawo yokusebenza ngexesha lomatshini ngenxa yokungonelanga kwamandla okubamba kunokuthintelwa.
2. Simple Dimension Calculation
Xa ubala imilinganiselo yamacandelo ahlukeneyo omatshini ngokusekelwe kwidatum ethile, inkqubo yokubala kufuneka yenziwe ibe lula kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kunokunciphisa iimpazamo zokubala ngexesha leprogram kunye nomatshini, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini. Ngokomzekelo, xa umatshini wokwenza inxalenye eneenkqubo ezininzi zemingxuma, ukuba i-datum ekhethiweyo ingenza ukubalwa kolungelelwaniso lwemilinganiselo yomngxuma ngamnye ngokuthe ngqo, inokunciphisa izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi kwiprogram yokulawula amanani kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okuba neempazamo.
Xa ubala imilinganiselo yamacandelo ahlukeneyo omatshini ngokusekelwe kwidatum ethile, inkqubo yokubala kufuneka yenziwe ibe lula kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kunokunciphisa iimpazamo zokubala ngexesha leprogram kunye nomatshini, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini. Ngokomzekelo, xa umatshini wokwenza inxalenye eneenkqubo ezininzi zemingxuma, ukuba i-datum ekhethiweyo ingenza ukubalwa kolungelelwaniso lwemilinganiselo yomngxuma ngamnye ngokuthe ngqo, inokunciphisa izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi kwiprogram yokulawula amanani kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okuba neempazamo.
3. Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka koMatshini
Ukuchaneka koMatshini luphawu olubalulekileyo lokulinganisa umgangatho womatshini, kubandakanywa ukuchaneka komgangatho, ukuchaneka kwemilo, kunye nokuchaneka kwendawo. Ukukhethwa kwedatha kufuneka kukwazi ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo iimpazamo ze-machining ukwenzela ukuba i-workpiece yomatshini ihlangabezane neemfuno zomzobo woyilo. Ngokomzekelo, xa ujika iinxalenye ezifana ne-shaft, ukukhetha umgca ophakathi we-shaft njengoko i-datum yendawo inokuqinisekisa ngcono i-cylindricity ye-shaft kunye ne-coaxiality phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo e-shaft.
Ukuchaneka koMatshini luphawu olubalulekileyo lokulinganisa umgangatho womatshini, kubandakanywa ukuchaneka komgangatho, ukuchaneka kwemilo, kunye nokuchaneka kwendawo. Ukukhethwa kwedatha kufuneka kukwazi ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo iimpazamo ze-machining ukwenzela ukuba i-workpiece yomatshini ihlangabezane neemfuno zomzobo woyilo. Ngokomzekelo, xa ujika iinxalenye ezifana ne-shaft, ukukhetha umgca ophakathi we-shaft njengoko i-datum yendawo inokuqinisekisa ngcono i-cylindricity ye-shaft kunye ne-coaxiality phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo e-shaft.
(B) Imigaqo emithandathu yokuKhetha iDatum yeNdawo
1. Zama ukukhetha iDatamu yoYilo njengeDatamu yendawo
Uyilo lwedatha yindawo yokuqala yokumisela eminye imilinganiselo kunye neemilo xa kuyilwa indawo. Ukukhetha i-datum yoyilo njengendawo yendawo kunokuqinisekisa ngokuthe ngqo iimfuno zokuchaneka kobukhulu boyilo kunye nokunciphisa impazamo yokungahambi kakuhle kwedatum. Ngokomzekelo, xa usenza inxalenye yebhokisi, ukuba i-datum yoyilo ngumgangatho ophantsi kunye neendawo ezimbini zecala lebhokisi, emva koko usebenzisa le mimandla njenge-datum yendawo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-machining inokuqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuba ukuchaneka kwendawo phakathi kweenkqubo zomngxuma kwibhokisi ihambelana neemfuno zoyilo.
Uyilo lwedatha yindawo yokuqala yokumisela eminye imilinganiselo kunye neemilo xa kuyilwa indawo. Ukukhetha i-datum yoyilo njengendawo yendawo kunokuqinisekisa ngokuthe ngqo iimfuno zokuchaneka kobukhulu boyilo kunye nokunciphisa impazamo yokungahambi kakuhle kwedatum. Ngokomzekelo, xa usenza inxalenye yebhokisi, ukuba i-datum yoyilo ngumgangatho ophantsi kunye neendawo ezimbini zecala lebhokisi, emva koko usebenzisa le mimandla njenge-datum yendawo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-machining inokuqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuba ukuchaneka kwendawo phakathi kweenkqubo zomngxuma kwibhokisi ihambelana neemfuno zoyilo.
2. Xa iDatum yendawo kunye neDatum yoYilo ayinakudityaniswa, impazamo yendawo kufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka koMatshini.
Xa kungenakwenzeka ukwamkela i-datum yoyilo njengendawo yendawo ngenxa yesakhiwo se-workpiece okanye inkqubo yomatshini, njl., kuyimfuneko ukuhlalutya ngokuchanekileyo nokulawula impazamo yendawo. Impazamo yendawo ibandakanya impazamo yolungelelwaniso lwedatum kunye nempazamo yokususwa kwendawo. Umzekelo, xa ulungisa indawo enemilo entsonkothileyo, kunokuba yimfuneko ukuqala ngomatshini i-datum encedisayo. Ngeli xesha, kuyimfuneko ukulawula impazamo yendawo ngaphakathi koluhlu oluvumelekileyo ngoyilo olufanelekileyo lokulungisa kunye neendlela zendawo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komatshini. Iindlela ezinjengokuphucula ukuchaneka kwezinto zendawo kunye nokuphucula ukucwangciswa kwendawo kungasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa impazamo yendawo.
Xa kungenakwenzeka ukwamkela i-datum yoyilo njengendawo yendawo ngenxa yesakhiwo se-workpiece okanye inkqubo yomatshini, njl., kuyimfuneko ukuhlalutya ngokuchanekileyo nokulawula impazamo yendawo. Impazamo yendawo ibandakanya impazamo yolungelelwaniso lwedatum kunye nempazamo yokususwa kwendawo. Umzekelo, xa ulungisa indawo enemilo entsonkothileyo, kunokuba yimfuneko ukuqala ngomatshini i-datum encedisayo. Ngeli xesha, kuyimfuneko ukulawula impazamo yendawo ngaphakathi koluhlu oluvumelekileyo ngoyilo olufanelekileyo lokulungisa kunye neendlela zendawo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komatshini. Iindlela ezinjengokuphucula ukuchaneka kwezinto zendawo kunye nokuphucula ukucwangciswa kwendawo kungasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa impazamo yendawo.
3. Xa i-Workpiece ifuna ukulungiswa kunye noMatshini ngaphezu kokubini, iDatum ekhethiweyo kufuneka ikwazi ukugqibezela ukuMachining yazo zonke iiNdawo eziNgqongileyo ezichanekileyo kwindawo enye kunye neNdawo.
Kwizixhobo zokusebenza ezifuna ukulungiswa kaninzi, ukuba idatha yolungiso ngalunye ayihambelani, iimpazamo ezongezelekayo ziya kwaziswa, ezichaphazela ukuchaneka kukonke kwesixhobo sokusebenza. Ke ngoko, idatha efanelekileyo kufuneka ikhethwe ukuze kugqitywe ukwenziwa kwazo zonke iinxalenye eziphambili zokuchaneka kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwisixhobo esinye. Ngokomzekelo, xa umatshini wokucoca inxalenye eneendawo ezininzi zecala kunye neenkqubo zomngxuma, inqwelomoya enkulu kunye nemingxuma emibini ingasetyenziselwa njenge-datum ye-fixturing enye ukugqiba ukucwangciswa kwemingxuma engundoqo kunye neenqwelo-moya, kwaye emva koko ukucwangciswa kwezinye iindawo zesibini kunokwenziwa, oku kunokunciphisa ilahleko yokuchaneka okubangelwa ukulungiswa kwezinto ezininzi.
Kwizixhobo zokusebenza ezifuna ukulungiswa kaninzi, ukuba idatha yolungiso ngalunye ayihambelani, iimpazamo ezongezelekayo ziya kwaziswa, ezichaphazela ukuchaneka kukonke kwesixhobo sokusebenza. Ke ngoko, idatha efanelekileyo kufuneka ikhethwe ukuze kugqitywe ukwenziwa kwazo zonke iinxalenye eziphambili zokuchaneka kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwisixhobo esinye. Ngokomzekelo, xa umatshini wokucoca inxalenye eneendawo ezininzi zecala kunye neenkqubo zomngxuma, inqwelomoya enkulu kunye nemingxuma emibini ingasetyenziselwa njenge-datum ye-fixturing enye ukugqiba ukucwangciswa kwemingxuma engundoqo kunye neenqwelo-moya, kwaye emva koko ukucwangciswa kwezinye iindawo zesibini kunokwenziwa, oku kunokunciphisa ilahleko yokuchaneka okubangelwa ukulungiswa kwezinto ezininzi.
4. IDatamu eKhethiweyo kufuneka iqinisekise ukuZaliswa kwemixholo yoMatshini emininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Oku kunokunciphisa inani lokulungiswa kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini. Umzekelo, xa usenza indawo ejikelezayo yomzimba, ukhetha umphezulu we-cylindrical wangaphandle njengoko i-datum yendawo inokugqibezela imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yomatshini efana nokujika isangqa sangaphandle, umatshini wokwenza intambo, kunye nokugaya i-keyway kwi-fixturing enye, ukuphepha inkcitho yexesha kunye nokunciphisa ukuchaneka okubangelwa kukulungiswa okuninzi.
Oku kunokunciphisa inani lokulungiswa kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini. Umzekelo, xa usenza indawo ejikelezayo yomzimba, ukhetha umphezulu we-cylindrical wangaphandle njengoko i-datum yendawo inokugqibezela imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yomatshini efana nokujika isangqa sangaphandle, umatshini wokwenza intambo, kunye nokugaya i-keyway kwi-fixturing enye, ukuphepha inkcitho yexesha kunye nokunciphisa ukuchaneka okubangelwa kukulungiswa okuninzi.
5. Xa iMachining kwiiBatches, iDatum yeNdawo yeNdawo kufuneka ihambelane njengoko kunokwenzeka kunye neSixhobo sokuSeta iDatum yokuSeka iNkqubo yokuLungelelanisa i-Workpiece
Kwimveliso yebhetshi, ukusekwa kwenkqubo yokulungelelanisa i-workpiece ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuhambelana komatshini. Ukuba idatha yendawo ihambelana nedatha yokumisela isixhobo, ukucwangcisa inkqubo kunye nokusebenza kwesixhobo kunokwenziwa lula, kwaye iimpazamo ezibangelwa kukuguqulwa kwedatha zinokuncitshiswa. Umzekelo, xa usenza ibhetshi yamacandelo afana nepleyiti afanayo, ikona esezantsi ekhohlo inxalenye inokufumaneka kwindawo esisigxina kwitafile yokusebenzela yesixhobo somatshini, kwaye le ngongoma ingasetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokubeka i-datum ukuseka inkqubo yokulungelelanisa i-workpiece. Ngale ndlela, xa umatshini wokwenza inxalenye nganye, kuphela inkqubo efanayo kunye neeparitha zokumisela isixhobo kufuneka zilandelwe, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nokuzinza kokuchaneka komatshini.
Kwimveliso yebhetshi, ukusekwa kwenkqubo yokulungelelanisa i-workpiece ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuhambelana komatshini. Ukuba idatha yendawo ihambelana nedatha yokumisela isixhobo, ukucwangcisa inkqubo kunye nokusebenza kwesixhobo kunokwenziwa lula, kwaye iimpazamo ezibangelwa kukuguqulwa kwedatha zinokuncitshiswa. Umzekelo, xa usenza ibhetshi yamacandelo afana nepleyiti afanayo, ikona esezantsi ekhohlo inxalenye inokufumaneka kwindawo esisigxina kwitafile yokusebenzela yesixhobo somatshini, kwaye le ngongoma ingasetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokubeka i-datum ukuseka inkqubo yokulungelelanisa i-workpiece. Ngale ndlela, xa umatshini wokwenza inxalenye nganye, kuphela inkqubo efanayo kunye neeparitha zokumisela isixhobo kufuneka zilandelwe, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nokuzinza kokuchaneka komatshini.
6. Xa uLungiso oluninzi lufuneka, iDatum kufuneka ingqinelane phambi nasemva.
Nokuba bubuchwephesha oburhabaxa okanye bugqibezela, ukusebenzisa idatha engaguquguqukiyo ngexesha lolungiso oluninzi kunokuqinisekisa unxulumano oluchanekileyo phakathi kwamanqanaba ohlukeneyo omatshini. Umzekelo, xa machining inxalenye yokungunda enkulu, ukusuka machining rough ukugqiba machining, kusoloko usebenzisa umphezulu wokwahlula kunye nokubeka imingxuma ukungunda njengoko datum ungenza izibonelelo phakathi imisebenzi machining ezahlukeneyo iyunifomu, ukuphepha impembelelo ekuchanekeni kunye nomgangatho womphezulu umngundo okubangelwa izibonelelo machining ezingalinganiyo ngenxa yotshintsho datum.
Nokuba bubuchwephesha oburhabaxa okanye bugqibezela, ukusebenzisa idatha engaguquguqukiyo ngexesha lolungiso oluninzi kunokuqinisekisa unxulumano oluchanekileyo phakathi kwamanqanaba ohlukeneyo omatshini. Umzekelo, xa machining inxalenye yokungunda enkulu, ukusuka machining rough ukugqiba machining, kusoloko usebenzisa umphezulu wokwahlula kunye nokubeka imingxuma ukungunda njengoko datum ungenza izibonelelo phakathi imisebenzi machining ezahlukeneyo iyunifomu, ukuphepha impembelelo ekuchanekeni kunye nomgangatho womphezulu umngundo okubangelwa izibonelelo machining ezingalinganiyo ngenxa yotshintsho datum.
III. Ukumiselwa koLungiso kuMaziko oMatshini
(A) IiMfuno eziSisiseko zoLungiso
1. Indlela yokuBamba kufuneka ingachaphazeli iFeed, kwaye uMmandla woMachining kufuneka uvuleleke.
Xa uyila i-clamping mechanism ye-fixture, kufuneka igweme ukuphazamisa indlela yokutya yesixhobo sokusika. Ngokomzekelo, xa ukugaya kunye neziko lomatshini oluthe nkqo, iibholiti zokudibanisa, iiplate zoxinzelelo, njl. Ngelo xesha, indawo yomatshini kufuneka ivuleke ngokusemandleni ukwenzela ukuba isixhobo sokusika sisondele ngokufanelekileyo kwi-workpiece yemisebenzi yokusika. Kwamanye ama-workpieces anezakhiwo zangaphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezifana neengxenye ezinemingxuma enzulu okanye imingxuma emincinci, ukuyila kwesigxina kufuneka kuqinisekise ukuba isixhobo sokusika sinokufikelela kwindawo yomatshini, ukuphepha imeko apho ukucwangciswa kungenakukwenziwa ngenxa yokuvalwa kwendawo.
Xa uyila i-clamping mechanism ye-fixture, kufuneka igweme ukuphazamisa indlela yokutya yesixhobo sokusika. Ngokomzekelo, xa ukugaya kunye neziko lomatshini oluthe nkqo, iibholiti zokudibanisa, iiplate zoxinzelelo, njl. Ngelo xesha, indawo yomatshini kufuneka ivuleke ngokusemandleni ukwenzela ukuba isixhobo sokusika sisondele ngokufanelekileyo kwi-workpiece yemisebenzi yokusika. Kwamanye ama-workpieces anezakhiwo zangaphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezifana neengxenye ezinemingxuma enzulu okanye imingxuma emincinci, ukuyila kwesigxina kufuneka kuqinisekise ukuba isixhobo sokusika sinokufikelela kwindawo yomatshini, ukuphepha imeko apho ukucwangciswa kungenakukwenziwa ngenxa yokuvalwa kwendawo.
2. Ukulungiswa kufuneka kukwazi ukufezekisa uFakelo oluQinisekileyo kwisixhobo soMshini
I-fixture kufuneka ikwazi ukubeka ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ifake kwi-worktable yeziko lomatshini ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo echanekileyo ye-workpiece ngokubhekiselele kwii-axes zokulungelelanisa isixhobo somatshini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izitshixo zendawo, izikhonkwane zendawo kunye nezinye izinto zendawo zisetyenziselwa ukusebenzisana ne-T-shaped grooves okanye imingxuma yendawo kwi-worktable yesixhobo somatshini ukufezekisa ukufakwa okujoliswe kuyo kwi-fixture. Umzekelo, xa machining amacandelo emise okwebhokisi eneziko lomatshini elithe tye, isitshixo sendawo esezantsi kwesixhobo sisetyenziselwa ukusebenzisana ne-T-shaped grooves kwi-worktable yesixhobo somatshini ukumisela indawo yokumisa kwicala le-X-axis, kwaye ke ezinye izinto zendawo zisetyenziselwa ukumisela izikhundla kwi-Y-axis ye-axis kunye ne-Z-axis echanekileyo yofakelo lomatshini, apho ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo. isixhobo.
I-fixture kufuneka ikwazi ukubeka ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ifake kwi-worktable yeziko lomatshini ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo echanekileyo ye-workpiece ngokubhekiselele kwii-axes zokulungelelanisa isixhobo somatshini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izitshixo zendawo, izikhonkwane zendawo kunye nezinye izinto zendawo zisetyenziselwa ukusebenzisana ne-T-shaped grooves okanye imingxuma yendawo kwi-worktable yesixhobo somatshini ukufezekisa ukufakwa okujoliswe kuyo kwi-fixture. Umzekelo, xa machining amacandelo emise okwebhokisi eneziko lomatshini elithe tye, isitshixo sendawo esezantsi kwesixhobo sisetyenziselwa ukusebenzisana ne-T-shaped grooves kwi-worktable yesixhobo somatshini ukumisela indawo yokumisa kwicala le-X-axis, kwaye ke ezinye izinto zendawo zisetyenziselwa ukumisela izikhundla kwi-Y-axis ye-axis kunye ne-Z-axis echanekileyo yofakelo lomatshini, apho ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo. isixhobo.
3. Ukuqina kunye nokuzinza kweFixture kufuneka kube kuhle
Ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini, ukulungiswa kufuneka kuthwale izenzo zemikhosi yokusika, imikhosi yokudibanisa kunye neminye imikhosi. Ukuba i-rigidity ye-fixture akwanelanga, iya kuguqula phantsi kwesenzo sale mikhosi, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuchaneka kwe-machining ye-workpiece. Umzekelo, xa usenza imisebenzi yokugaya isantya esiphezulu, amandla okusika akhulu. Ukuba ukuqina kokulungiswa akwanelanga, i-workpiece iya kungcangcazela ngexesha lenkqubo yokucoca, echaphazela umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuchaneka kobukhulu bomatshini. Ngoko ke, ukulungiswa kufuneka kwenziwe ngezinto ezinamandla okwaneleyo kunye nokuqina, kwaye isakhiwo saso kufuneka siyilwe ngokufanelekileyo, njengokongeza i-stiffeners kunye nokwamkela izakhiwo ezinodonga olungqingqwa, ukuphucula ukuqina nokuzinza.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini, ukulungiswa kufuneka kuthwale izenzo zemikhosi yokusika, imikhosi yokudibanisa kunye neminye imikhosi. Ukuba i-rigidity ye-fixture akwanelanga, iya kuguqula phantsi kwesenzo sale mikhosi, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuchaneka kwe-machining ye-workpiece. Umzekelo, xa usenza imisebenzi yokugaya isantya esiphezulu, amandla okusika akhulu. Ukuba ukuqina kokulungiswa akwanelanga, i-workpiece iya kungcangcazela ngexesha lenkqubo yokucoca, echaphazela umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuchaneka kobukhulu bomatshini. Ngoko ke, ukulungiswa kufuneka kwenziwe ngezinto ezinamandla okwaneleyo kunye nokuqina, kwaye isakhiwo saso kufuneka siyilwe ngokufanelekileyo, njengokongeza i-stiffeners kunye nokwamkela izakhiwo ezinodonga olungqingqwa, ukuphucula ukuqina nokuzinza.
(B) Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zoLungiso
1. ULungiso ngokubanzi
Ukulungiswa ngokubanzi kunokusebenza okubanzi, okunjengendawo, ukwahlula iintloko, kunye nee-chucks. I-Vice ingasetyenziselwa ukubamba iindawo ezincinci ezincinci ezinemilo eqhelekileyo, njenge-cuboids kunye neesilinda, kwaye zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukugaya, ukugaya kunye neminye imisebenzi yomatshini. Ukwahlula iintloko kungasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-indexing machining kwizinto zokusebenza. Ngokomzekelo, xa umatshini wokwenza iinxalenye ezineempawu ezilinganayo, intloko ekwahlulahlulayo inokulawula ngokuchanekileyo i-angle yokujikeleza ye-workpiece ukufezekisa i-multi-station machining. IiChucks zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ukubamba amalungu omzimba ajikelezayo. Ngokomzekelo, kwimisebenzi yokuguqula, i-chucks yemihlathi emithathu inokukhawuleza ibambe iindawo ezifana ne-shaft kwaye inokuzinzisa ngokuzenzekelayo, ekulungele umatshini.
Ukulungiswa ngokubanzi kunokusebenza okubanzi, okunjengendawo, ukwahlula iintloko, kunye nee-chucks. I-Vice ingasetyenziselwa ukubamba iindawo ezincinci ezincinci ezinemilo eqhelekileyo, njenge-cuboids kunye neesilinda, kwaye zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukugaya, ukugaya kunye neminye imisebenzi yomatshini. Ukwahlula iintloko kungasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-indexing machining kwizinto zokusebenza. Ngokomzekelo, xa umatshini wokwenza iinxalenye ezineempawu ezilinganayo, intloko ekwahlulahlulayo inokulawula ngokuchanekileyo i-angle yokujikeleza ye-workpiece ukufezekisa i-multi-station machining. IiChucks zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ukubamba amalungu omzimba ajikelezayo. Ngokomzekelo, kwimisebenzi yokuguqula, i-chucks yemihlathi emithathu inokukhawuleza ibambe iindawo ezifana ne-shaft kwaye inokuzinzisa ngokuzenzekelayo, ekulungele umatshini.
2. Ukulungiswa kweeModyuli
Izixhobo zemodyuli zenziwe ngeseti yezinto eziqhelekileyo nezisemgangathweni. Ezi zinto zinokudityaniswa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokwemilo eyahlukeneyo yokusebenza kunye neemfuno zomatshini wokwakha ngokukhawuleza umzobo olungele umsebenzi othile womatshini. Umzekelo, xa ulungisa indawo enemilo engaqhelekanga, iipleyiti ezisisiseko ezifanelekileyo, amalungu axhasayo, amalungu endawo, amalungu abambezelayo, njl. Izibonelelo zokulungiswa kweemodyuli kukuguquguquka okuphezulu kunye nokusebenziseka kwakhona, okunokunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa kunye nomjikelo wemveliso wezinto ezilungisiweyo, kwaye zifaneleke ngokukodwa kwiimvavanyo zemveliso emitsha kunye nokuveliswa kwebhetshi encinci.
Izixhobo zemodyuli zenziwe ngeseti yezinto eziqhelekileyo nezisemgangathweni. Ezi zinto zinokudityaniswa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokwemilo eyahlukeneyo yokusebenza kunye neemfuno zomatshini wokwakha ngokukhawuleza umzobo olungele umsebenzi othile womatshini. Umzekelo, xa ulungisa indawo enemilo engaqhelekanga, iipleyiti ezisisiseko ezifanelekileyo, amalungu axhasayo, amalungu endawo, amalungu abambezelayo, njl. Izibonelelo zokulungiswa kweemodyuli kukuguquguquka okuphezulu kunye nokusebenziseka kwakhona, okunokunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa kunye nomjikelo wemveliso wezinto ezilungisiweyo, kwaye zifaneleke ngokukodwa kwiimvavanyo zemveliso emitsha kunye nokuveliswa kwebhetshi encinci.
3. Izilungiso ezikhethekileyo
Izilungiso ezikhethekileyo ziyilwe kwaye zenziwa ngokukodwa umsebenzi omnye okanye emininzi efanayo. Ziyakwazi ukulungelelaniswa ngokwemilo ethile, ubungakanani kunye neemfuno zenkqubo ye-machining ye-workpiece ukwandisa isiqinisekiso sokuchaneka komatshini kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-machining yeebhloko ze-injini yemoto, ngenxa yesakhiwo esinzima kunye neemfuno zokuchaneka okuphezulu kweebhloko, ukulungiswa okukhethekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo kuyilelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komatshini wemingxuma eyahlukeneyo yesilinda, iindiza kunye nezinye iindawo. Ukungalungi kwezinto ezikhethekileyo zokwenziwa kweendleko eziphezulu kunye nomjikelo woyilo omde, kwaye zifanelekile ngokubanzi ukuveliswa kwebhetshi enkulu.
Izilungiso ezikhethekileyo ziyilwe kwaye zenziwa ngokukodwa umsebenzi omnye okanye emininzi efanayo. Ziyakwazi ukulungelelaniswa ngokwemilo ethile, ubungakanani kunye neemfuno zenkqubo ye-machining ye-workpiece ukwandisa isiqinisekiso sokuchaneka komatshini kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-machining yeebhloko ze-injini yemoto, ngenxa yesakhiwo esinzima kunye neemfuno zokuchaneka okuphezulu kweebhloko, ukulungiswa okukhethekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo kuyilelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komatshini wemingxuma eyahlukeneyo yesilinda, iindiza kunye nezinye iindawo. Ukungalungi kwezinto ezikhethekileyo zokwenziwa kweendleko eziphezulu kunye nomjikelo woyilo omde, kwaye zifanelekile ngokubanzi ukuveliswa kwebhetshi enkulu.
4. ULungiso oluLungisayo
Izixhobo ezihlengahlengiswayo ziyindibaniselwano yeemodyuli kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa. Abanayo nje ukuguquguquka kwezilungiso zeemodyuli kodwa banokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komatshini ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile. Izixhobo ezilungelelanisiweyo ziyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa noomatshini bobukhulu obahlukeneyo okanye obume ngendlela efanayo ngokuhlengahlengisa izikhundla zezinye izinto okanye ukutshintsha iindawo ezithile. Ngokomzekelo, xa usenza uchungechunge lweengxenye ezinjenge-shaft ezinobubanzi obuhlukeneyo, ukulungiswa kokulungiswa kunokusetyenziswa. Ngokulungelelanisa indawo kunye nobukhulu besixhobo sokudibanisa, i-shafts ye-diameter eyahlukeneyo inokubanjwa, ukuphucula indawo yonke kunye nesantya sokusetyenziswa kwesigxina.
Izixhobo ezihlengahlengiswayo ziyindibaniselwano yeemodyuli kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa. Abanayo nje ukuguquguquka kwezilungiso zeemodyuli kodwa banokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komatshini ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile. Izixhobo ezilungelelanisiweyo ziyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa noomatshini bobukhulu obahlukeneyo okanye obume ngendlela efanayo ngokuhlengahlengisa izikhundla zezinye izinto okanye ukutshintsha iindawo ezithile. Ngokomzekelo, xa usenza uchungechunge lweengxenye ezinjenge-shaft ezinobubanzi obuhlukeneyo, ukulungiswa kokulungiswa kunokusetyenziswa. Ngokulungelelanisa indawo kunye nobukhulu besixhobo sokudibanisa, i-shafts ye-diameter eyahlukeneyo inokubanjwa, ukuphucula indawo yonke kunye nesantya sokusetyenziswa kwesigxina.
5. Ukulungiswa kwezitishi ezininzi
Izitishi zezikhululo ezininzi zinokubamba ngaxeshanye izixhobo zokusebenza ezininzi zoomatshini. Olu hlobo lokulungisa lunokugqiba ukusebenza okufanayo okanye okwahlukileyo komatshini kwizinto ezininzi zokusebenza kumjikelo omnye wokulungisa kunye nowomatshini, uphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini. Umzekelo, xa usenza umsebenzi wokomba kunye nokucofa iindawo ezincinci, isitishi sezikhululo ezininzi sinokubamba ngaxeshanye iindawo ezininzi. Kumjikelo omnye wokusebenza, ukugaya kunye nokucofa imisebenzi yecandelo ngalinye kugqitywa ngokulandelelana, ukunciphisa ixesha elingasebenziyo lesixhobo somatshini kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
Izitishi zezikhululo ezininzi zinokubamba ngaxeshanye izixhobo zokusebenza ezininzi zoomatshini. Olu hlobo lokulungisa lunokugqiba ukusebenza okufanayo okanye okwahlukileyo komatshini kwizinto ezininzi zokusebenza kumjikelo omnye wokulungisa kunye nowomatshini, uphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini. Umzekelo, xa usenza umsebenzi wokomba kunye nokucofa iindawo ezincinci, isitishi sezikhululo ezininzi sinokubamba ngaxeshanye iindawo ezininzi. Kumjikelo omnye wokusebenza, ukugaya kunye nokucofa imisebenzi yecandelo ngalinye kugqitywa ngokulandelelana, ukunciphisa ixesha elingasebenziyo lesixhobo somatshini kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
6. ULungiso lweQela
Ukulungiswa kweqela kusetyenziselwa ngokukodwa ukubamba ii-workpieces ezineemilo ezifanayo, ubungakanani obufanayo kunye nendawo efanayo okanye efanayo, iindlela zokudibanisa kunye nomatshini. Zisekwe kumgaqo weteknoloji yeqela, ukwahlula izixhobo zokusebenza ezineempawu ezifanayo kwiqela elinye, ukuyila ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo, kunye nokulungelelaniswa nokulungiswa kwezixhobo zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo kwiqela ngokulungelelanisa okanye ukutshintsha ezinye izinto. Umzekelo, xa usenza uthotho lweendawo ezingenanto zokuchaza izinto ezahlukeneyo, iqela leqela lingalungelelanisa indawo kunye nezinto ezibambekayo ngokotshintsho kwi-aperture, i-diameter yangaphandle, njl.
Ukulungiswa kweqela kusetyenziselwa ngokukodwa ukubamba ii-workpieces ezineemilo ezifanayo, ubungakanani obufanayo kunye nendawo efanayo okanye efanayo, iindlela zokudibanisa kunye nomatshini. Zisekwe kumgaqo weteknoloji yeqela, ukwahlula izixhobo zokusebenza ezineempawu ezifanayo kwiqela elinye, ukuyila ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo, kunye nokulungelelaniswa nokulungiswa kwezixhobo zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo kwiqela ngokulungelelanisa okanye ukutshintsha ezinye izinto. Umzekelo, xa usenza uthotho lweendawo ezingenanto zokuchaza izinto ezahlukeneyo, iqela leqela lingalungelelanisa indawo kunye nezinto ezibambekayo ngokotshintsho kwi-aperture, i-diameter yangaphandle, njl.
(C) Imigaqo yokuKhetha yoLungiso kuMaziko oMatshini
1. Ngaphantsi kweSimiselo sokuQinisekisa ukuchaneka koMatshini kunye nokuSebenza ngokuSebenzayo, uLungiso oluPhambili kufuneka luKhethwe
Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo kufuneka zikhethwe ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwazo ngokubanzi kunye neendleko eziphantsi xa ukuchaneka komatshini kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunokwaneliswa. Umzekelo, kwimisebenzi ethile elula yesiqwenga esinye okanye ibhetshi encinci, ukusebenzisa izilungiso eziqhelekileyo ezinje ngobubi kunokugqiba ngokukhawuleza ukulungiswa kunye nokucwangciswa kwesixhobo sokusebenza ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuyila kunye nokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsonkothileyo.
Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo kufuneka zikhethwe ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwazo ngokubanzi kunye neendleko eziphantsi xa ukuchaneka komatshini kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunokwaneliswa. Umzekelo, kwimisebenzi ethile elula yesiqwenga esinye okanye ibhetshi encinci, ukusebenzisa izilungiso eziqhelekileyo ezinje ngobubi kunokugqiba ngokukhawuleza ukulungiswa kunye nokucwangciswa kwesixhobo sokusebenza ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuyila kunye nokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsonkothileyo.
2. Xa Machining kwiiBatches, Ukulungiswa okuLula okuKhethekileyo kunokuqwalaselwa
Xa umatshini kwiibhetshi, ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kokuchaneka komatshini, izixhobo ezilula ezikhethekileyo zinokuqwalaselwa. Nangona ezi zilungiso zikhethekileyo, izakhiwo zazo zilula kwaye iindleko zokwenziwa aziyi kuba phezulu kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, xa umatshini wokwenza inxalenye ethile-emilo kwiibhetshi, ipleyiti ekhethekileyo yokubeka kunye nesixhobo sokudibanisa sinokuyilwa ukubamba ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo i-workpiece, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komatshini.
Xa umatshini kwiibhetshi, ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kokuchaneka komatshini, izixhobo ezilula ezikhethekileyo zinokuqwalaselwa. Nangona ezi zilungiso zikhethekileyo, izakhiwo zazo zilula kwaye iindleko zokwenziwa aziyi kuba phezulu kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, xa umatshini wokwenza inxalenye ethile-emilo kwiibhetshi, ipleyiti ekhethekileyo yokubeka kunye nesixhobo sokudibanisa sinokuyilwa ukubamba ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo i-workpiece, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komatshini.
3. Xa uMatshini kwiiBatch ezinkulu, i-Multi-station Fixtures kunye ne-High-effective Pneumatic, i-Hydraulic kunye nezinye iziLungiso eziKhethekileyo zinokuqwalaselwa.
Kwimveliso yebhetshi enkulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yinto ephambili. Ukulungiswa kwezikhululo ezininzi kunokusebenza ngaxeshanye imisebenzi emininzi, ukuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. I-Pneumatic, i-hydraulic kunye nezinye izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zinokubonelela ngokuzinzile kunye namandla amakhulu okubamba, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-workpiece ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini, kunye nezenzo zokudibanisa kunye nokukhulula zikhawuleza, ziphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Umzekelo, kwiilayini ezinkulu zokuvelisa iibhetshi zamalungu emoto, ukulungiswa kwezikhululo ezininzi kunye nokulungiswa kwehydraulic zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho womatshini.
Kwimveliso yebhetshi enkulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yinto ephambili. Ukulungiswa kwezikhululo ezininzi kunokusebenza ngaxeshanye imisebenzi emininzi, ukuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. I-Pneumatic, i-hydraulic kunye nezinye izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zinokubonelela ngokuzinzile kunye namandla amakhulu okubamba, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-workpiece ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini, kunye nezenzo zokudibanisa kunye nokukhulula zikhawuleza, ziphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Umzekelo, kwiilayini ezinkulu zokuvelisa iibhetshi zamalungu emoto, ukulungiswa kwezikhululo ezininzi kunye nokulungiswa kwehydraulic zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho womatshini.
4. Xa Ukwamkela iTekhnoloji yeQela, iiFixtures zeQela kufuneka zisetyenziswe
Xa usamkela itekhnoloji yeqela kumatshini wokusebenza kunye neemilo kunye nobukhulu obufanayo, ukulungiswa kweqela kunokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo izibonelelo zabo, ukunciphisa iintlobo zezixhobo kunye noyilo kunye nomthwalo wokuvelisa. Ngokuhlengahlengisa ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo zeqela, ziyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemfuno zomatshini wezinto ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, ukuphucula ukuguquguquka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Umzekelo, kumashishini okuvelisa oomatshini, xa kusenziwa uhlobo olufanayo kodwa ukwahluka-inkcazo efana ne-shaft-like parts, ukusebenzisa izixhobo zeqela kunokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso kunye nokuphucula ukulula kolawulo lwemveliso.
Xa usamkela itekhnoloji yeqela kumatshini wokusebenza kunye neemilo kunye nobukhulu obufanayo, ukulungiswa kweqela kunokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo izibonelelo zabo, ukunciphisa iintlobo zezixhobo kunye noyilo kunye nomthwalo wokuvelisa. Ngokuhlengahlengisa ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo zeqela, ziyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemfuno zomatshini wezinto ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, ukuphucula ukuguquguquka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Umzekelo, kumashishini okuvelisa oomatshini, xa kusenziwa uhlobo olufanayo kodwa ukwahluka-inkcazo efana ne-shaft-like parts, ukusebenzisa izixhobo zeqela kunokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso kunye nokuphucula ukulula kolawulo lwemveliso.
(D) Isikhundla esiLungileyo sokuLungisa i-Workpiece kwi-Machine Tool Worktable
Indawo yokulungiswa kwendawo yokusebenza kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba ingaphakathi kuluhlu lokuhamba ngomatshini we-axis nganye yesixhobo somatshini, ukuphepha imeko apho isixhobo sokusika asikwazi ukufikelela kwindawo yomatshini okanye singqubuzane namacandelo esixhobo somatshini ngenxa yesimo esingafanelekanga sokulungiswa. Ngexesha elifanayo, ubude besixhobo sokusika kufuneka bube bufutshane ngokusemandleni ukuphucula ukunyanzeliswa kwe-machining yesixhobo sokusika. Umzekelo, xa kusenziwa ipleyiti enkulu efana nepleyiti, ukuba i-workpiece ilungisiwe emphethweni wesixhobo sokusebenza somatshini, isixhobo sokusika sinokwandisa ixesha elide xa sisenza ezinye iindawo, sinciphisa ukuqina kwesixhobo sokusika, sibangele ukungcangcazela ngokulula kunye nokuguqulwa, kwaye sichaphazela ukuchaneka komatshini kunye nomgangatho womphezulu. Ke ngoko, ngokwemilo, ubungakanani kunye neemfuno zenkqubo yomatshini wokwenza umsebenzi, indawo yokulungisa kufuneka ikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze isixhobo sokusika sibe sesona sixhobo sisebenza kakhulu ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini, ukuphucula umgangatho womatshini kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Indawo yokulungiswa kwendawo yokusebenza kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba ingaphakathi kuluhlu lokuhamba ngomatshini we-axis nganye yesixhobo somatshini, ukuphepha imeko apho isixhobo sokusika asikwazi ukufikelela kwindawo yomatshini okanye singqubuzane namacandelo esixhobo somatshini ngenxa yesimo esingafanelekanga sokulungiswa. Ngexesha elifanayo, ubude besixhobo sokusika kufuneka bube bufutshane ngokusemandleni ukuphucula ukunyanzeliswa kwe-machining yesixhobo sokusika. Umzekelo, xa kusenziwa ipleyiti enkulu efana nepleyiti, ukuba i-workpiece ilungisiwe emphethweni wesixhobo sokusebenza somatshini, isixhobo sokusika sinokwandisa ixesha elide xa sisenza ezinye iindawo, sinciphisa ukuqina kwesixhobo sokusika, sibangele ukungcangcazela ngokulula kunye nokuguqulwa, kwaye sichaphazela ukuchaneka komatshini kunye nomgangatho womphezulu. Ke ngoko, ngokwemilo, ubungakanani kunye neemfuno zenkqubo yomatshini wokwenza umsebenzi, indawo yokulungisa kufuneka ikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze isixhobo sokusika sibe sesona sixhobo sisebenza kakhulu ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini, ukuphucula umgangatho womatshini kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
IV. Ukuqukumbela
Ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwedatha yendawo yomatshini kunye nokumiselwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezixhobo kumaziko omatshini zikhonkco eziphambili zokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komatshini kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Kwinkqubo yomatshini wokwenene, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda kakuhle kwaye ulandele iimfuno kunye nemigaqo yendawo yedatum, khetha iindidi ezifanelekileyo zokulungisa ngokuhambelana neempawu kunye neemfuno zomatshini we-workpiece, kwaye unqume iskimu esilungileyo sokulungiswa ngokwemigaqo yokukhetha izixhobo. Kwangaxeshanye, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekwandiseni indawo yokulungiswa kwesixhobo sokusebenza kumatshini wokusebenza ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokulunga okuphezulu kwezibonelelo zeziko lomatshini, ukuzuza umgangatho ophezulu, ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nemveliso eguquguqukayo ephezulu kumatshini wokwenza oomatshini, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahluka-hlukeneyo kushishino lwemveliso yanamhlanje, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lobuchwephesha.
Ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwedatha yendawo yomatshini kunye nokumiselwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezixhobo kumaziko omatshini zikhonkco eziphambili zokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komatshini kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Kwinkqubo yomatshini wokwenene, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda kakuhle kwaye ulandele iimfuno kunye nemigaqo yendawo yedatum, khetha iindidi ezifanelekileyo zokulungisa ngokuhambelana neempawu kunye neemfuno zomatshini we-workpiece, kwaye unqume iskimu esilungileyo sokulungiswa ngokwemigaqo yokukhetha izixhobo. Kwangaxeshanye, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekwandiseni indawo yokulungiswa kwesixhobo sokusebenza kumatshini wokusebenza ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokulunga okuphezulu kwezibonelelo zeziko lomatshini, ukuzuza umgangatho ophezulu, ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nemveliso eguquguqukayo ephezulu kumatshini wokwenza oomatshini, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahluka-hlukeneyo kushishino lwemveliso yanamhlanje, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lobuchwephesha.
Ngophando olubanzi kunye nosetyenziso oluphuculweyo lwedatha yendawo yomatshini kunye nezixhobo kumaziko omatshini, ukukhuphisana kwamashishini okwenziwa koomatshini kunokuphuculwa ngokusebenzayo. Ngaphantsi kwesiseko sokuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunokuphuculwa, iindleko zemveliso zinokuncitshiswa, kwaye inzuzo enkulu yezoqoqosho nentlalontle inokudalwa kumashishini. Kwixesha elizayo lomatshini womatshini, kunye nokuvela okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe obutsha kunye nezixhobo ezitsha, i-datum yendawo yomatshini kunye nokulungiswa kumaziko omatshini nawo aya kuqhubeka nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kunye nokuphuhlisa ukuziqhelanisa neemfuno ezinzima kunye nezichanekileyo eziphezulu.