"Isikhokelo soFakelo lweZixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC"
Njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuvelisa izincedisi ze-hardware ezichanekileyo, ingqiqo yofakelo lwezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC zihambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwimveliso elandelayo kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Ufakelo oluchanekileyo lwezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC alunakuqinisekisa kuphela ukusebenza okuzinzile kwezixhobo kodwa nokwandisa ubomi bayo benkonzo kunye nokudala ixabiso elikhulu kumashishini. Oku kulandelayo kuya kwazisa ngokweenkcukacha iimeko zokusingqongileyo zofakelo, izilumkiso, kunye nezilumkiso zokusebenza kwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC.
I. Iimeko zokusingqongileyo zofakelo lwezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC
- Iindawo ezingenazo izixhobo ezivelisa ubushushu obuphezulu
Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC kufuneka zigcinwe kude nezixhobo ezivelisa ubushushu obuphezulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba izixhobo ezivelisa ubushushu obuphezulu ziya kuvelisa inani elikhulu lobushushu kwaye zinyuse ubushushu be-ambient. Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zinovakalelo ngokwentelekiso kubushushu. Ukushisa okugqithisileyo kuya kuchaphazela ukuchaneka kunye nokuzinza kwesixhobo somatshini. Ukushisa okuphezulu kunokubangela ukwanda kwe-thermal yezixhobo zesixhobo somatshini, ngaloo ndlela kutshintshe ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional ye-mechanical structure kunye nokuchaphazela ukuchaneka kokucubungula. Ukongeza, ubushushu obuphezulu bunokonakalisa izixhobo ze-elektroniki kwaye zehlise ukusebenza kwazo kunye nobomi benkonzo. Umzekelo, iitshiphusi kwinkqubo yolawulo yombane inokungasebenzi kakuhle kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwaye ichaphazele ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwesixhobo somatshini. - Iindawo ezingenalo uthuli oludadayo kunye namasuntswana esinyithi
Uthuli oludadayo kunye namasuntswana entsimbi ziintshaba zezixhobo zoomatshini beCNC. Ezi zincinci zincinci zingangena ngaphakathi kwisixhobo somatshini, njengeentsimbi zesikhokelo, izikrufu ezikhokelayo, iibheringi kunye nezinye iindawo, kwaye zichaphazela ukuchaneka kwentshukumo yamacandelo omatshini. Uthuli kunye neengqungquthela zetsimbi ziya kwandisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamacandelo, okukhokelela ekugqokeni okugqithisileyo kunye nokunciphisa ubomi benkonzo yesixhobo somatshini. Ngexesha elifanayo, banokuvala i-oyile kunye negesi kunye nokuchaphazela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweenkqubo zokuthambisa kunye nokupholisa. Kwinkqubo yokulawula i-elektroniki, uthuli kunye neengqungquthela zetsimbi zinokubambelela kwibhodi yesiphaluka kwaye zibangele iisekethe ezimfutshane okanye ezinye iimpazamo zombane. - Iindawo ezingenazo iigesi ezonakalisayo nezinokutsha kunye nolwelo
Iigesi ezonakalisayo nezinokutsha kunye nolwelo ziyingozi kakhulu kwizixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC. Iigesi ezidliwayo kunye nolwelo zinokusabela ngokwekhemikhali kunye neengxenye zetsimbi zesixhobo somatshini, okukhokelela kukonakala kunye nomonakalo kumacandelo. Ngokomzekelo, iigesi ze-acidic zinokugqwesa i-casing, i-rails yesikhokelo kunye nezinye iindawo zesixhobo somatshini kunye nokunciphisa amandla okwakhiwa kwesixhobo somatshini. Iigesi ezinokutsha kunye nolwelo zenza ingozi enkulu yokhuseleko. Nje ukuba kuvuze kuvuze kwaye kudibane ne-火源, kunokubangela umlilo okanye ugqabhuko-dubulo kwaye kubangele ilahleko enkulu kubasebenzi nakwizixhobo. - Iindawo ezingenawo amathontsi amanzi, umphunga, uthuli kunye nothuli olunamafutha
Amaconsi amanzi kunye ne-steam abeka ingozi enkulu kwinkqubo yombane yezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC. Amanzi ngumqhubi olungileyo. Nje ukuba ingene ngaphakathi kwezixhobo zombane, inokubangela iisekethe ezimfutshane, ukuvuza kunye nezinye iimpazamo kwaye konakalise amacandelo e-elektroniki. Umphunga unokujiya ube ngamathontsi amanzi kumphezulu wesixhobo sombane kwaye ubangele ingxaki efanayo. Uthuli kunye nothuli olunamafutha luya kuchaphazela ukuchaneka kunye nobomi benkonzo yesixhobo somatshini. Banokuthi babambelele kumphezulu wamacandelo omatshini, bakhulise ukuxhathisa ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokuchaphazela ukuchaneka kwentshukumo. Kwangaxeshanye, uthuli olunamafutha lunokuthi lungcolise ioyile yokuthambisa kunye nokunciphisa ifuthe lokuthambisa. - Iindawo ezingenakuphazamiseka kwengxolo yombane
Inkqubo yolawulo yezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC inovelwano kakhulu kukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic. Ukuphazamiseka kwengxolo ye-electromagnetic kunokuvela kwizixhobo zombane ezikufutshane, ii-radio transmitters kunye neminye imithombo. Olu hlobo lokuphazamiseka luya kuchaphazela ukuhanjiswa komqondiso wenkqubo yokulawula, okubangela ukuncipha kokuchaneka kokucubungula okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle. Umzekelo, ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kunokubangela iimpazamo kwimiyalelo yenkqubo yolawulo lwamanani kwaye kubangele isixhobo somatshini ukuba sisebenze iindawo ezingalunganga. Ke ngoko, izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC kufuneka zifakwe kwiindawo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwengxolo ye-electromagnetic okanye amanyathelo asebenzayo okukhusela i-electromagnetic kufuneka athathwe. - Iindawo eziqinileyo nezingashukumiyo
Izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC kufuneka zifakwe kumhlaba oqinileyo ukunciphisa ukungcangcazela. Ukungcangcazela kuya kuba nefuthe elibi ekuchanekeni kokulungiswa kwesixhobo somatshini, ukwandisa ukunxiba isixhobo kunye nokunciphisa umgangatho womgangatho owenziwe ngomatshini. Kwangaxeshanye, ukungcangcazela kungonakalisa amacandelo esixhobo somatshini, njengeentsimbi zesikhokelo kunye nezikrufu zelothe. Umhlaba oqinileyo unokubonelela ngenkxaso ezinzileyo kunye nokunciphisa ukungcangcazela kwesixhobo somatshini ngexesha lokusebenza. Ukongeza, amanyathelo okufunxa umothuko anjengokufaka iipadi zokufunxa ukothuka anokuthathwa ukunciphisa ngakumbi impembelelo yokungcangcazela. - Ubushushu obusebenzayo be-ambient yi-0°C – 55°C. Ukuba ubushushu be-ambient budlula i-45 ° C, nceda ubeke umqhubi kwindawo epholileyo okanye kwigumbi elipholileyo.
Izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC zineemfuno ezithile zobushushu be-ambient. Ukushisa okuphantsi kakhulu okanye okuphezulu kakhulu kuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kunye nobomi benkonzo yesixhobo somatshini. Kwimeko yobushushu obuphantsi, ioli yokuthambisa inokuba yi-viscous kwaye ichaphazele umphumo wokuthambisa; ukusebenza kwamacandelo e-elektroniki nako kunokuchaphazeleka. Kwindawo yobushushu obuphezulu, izixhobo zesixhobo somatshini zilungele ukwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nokuchaneka kuyancipha; ubomi benkonzo yamacandelo e-elektroniki nawo buya kucuthwa. Ngoko ke, izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC kufuneka zigcinwe ngaphakathi kwinqanaba lobushushu elifanelekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Xa ubushushu be-ambient budlula i-45 ° C, amacandelo abalulekileyo afana nabaqhubi kufuneka abekwe kwindawo enomoya okanye igumbi elinomoya opholileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwabo ngokuqhelekileyo.
II. Imiqathango yokufaka izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC
- Ulwalathiso lokufakela kufuneka luhambelane nemimiselo, ngaphandle koko iimpazamo ze-servo ziya kwenzeka.
Ulwalathiso lofakelo lwezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC lulawulwa ngokungqongqo, oluchongwa ngumatshini walo kunye noyilo lwenkqubo yokulawula. Ukuba ulwalathiso lofakelo lungalunganga, lunokubangela iimpazamo kwinkqubo ye-servo kwaye luchaphazele ukuchaneka nokuzinza kwesixhobo somatshini. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokufakela, imiyalelo yokufakela isixhobo somatshini kufuneka ifundwe ngokucophelela kwaye ifakwe kwindlela echaziweyo. Ngelo xesha, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwinqanaba kunye nokuma kwesixhobo somatshini ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo somatshini sifakwe kwindawo echanekileyo. - Xa ufaka umqhubi, ukungena komoya kunye nemingxuma yokukhupha ayinakuvinjelwa, kwaye ayikwazi ukubekwa phezulu. Ngaphandle koko, kuya kubangela impazamo.
Umqhubi ungomnye wamacandelo angundoqo wezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC. Ukungena komoya okungenasiphelo kunye nemingxuma yokukhupha ibalulekile ekutshitshiseni ubushushu kunye nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo. Ukuba ukungena komoya kunye nemingxuma yokukhupha ivaliwe, ukushisa ngaphakathi komqhubi akukwazi ukuchithwa, oku kunokukhokelela kwiimpazamo ezigqithiseleyo. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukubeka umqhubi phantsi kunokuchaphazela isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi kunye nokusebenza kwaye kubangele iimpazamo. Xa ufaka umqhubi, qinisekisa ukuba ukungena komoya kunye nemingxuma yokukhupha ayithinteki kwaye ibekwe ngendlela echanekileyo. - Musa ukuyifaka kufuphi okanye kufuphi nezinto ezinokutsha.
Izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC zinokuvelisa iintlantsi okanye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngexesha lokusebenza, ngoko ke azinakufakwa kufutshane nezinto ezinokutsha. Nje ukuba izinto ezinokutsha zibasiwe, zinokubangela umlilo kwaye zenze umonakalo omkhulu kubasebenzi nakwizixhobo. Xa ukhetha indawo yokufakela, hlala kude nezinto ezinokutsha ukuze uqinisekise ukhuseleko. - Xa ulungisa umqhubi, qiniseka ukuba indawo nganye yokulungisa ivaliwe.
Umqhubi uya kuvelisa ukungcangcazela ngexesha lokusebenza. Ukuba ayilungiswanga ngokuqinileyo, inokukhululeka okanye iwe kwaye ichaphazele ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwesixhobo somatshini. Ngoko ke, xa ulungisa umqhubi, qiniseka ukuba indawo nganye yokulungisa ivaliwe ukukhusela ukukhulula. Iibholiti ezifanelekileyo kunye namantongomane angasetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwaye imeko yokulungiswa kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo. - Yifake kwindawo enokuthwala ubunzima.
Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC kunye namacandelo abo adla ngokuba nzima. Ngoko ke, xa ufaka, indawo enokuthi ithwale ubunzima bayo kufuneka ikhethwe. Ukuba ifakwe kwindawo enomthamo onganelanga wokuthwala, inokubangela ukuthotywa komhlaba okanye umonakalo wezixhobo. Ngaphambi kokufakela, umthamo wokuthwala indawo yokufakela kufuneka uhlolwe kwaye amanyathelo okuqinisa ahambelanayo kufuneka athathwe.
III. Izilumkiso zokusebenza kwizixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC
- Ukusebenza kwexesha elide, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenze kwiqondo lokushisa elingaphantsi kwe-45 ° C ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwemveliso.
Izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC ziya kuvelisa ubushushu ngexesha lokusebenza kwexesha elide. Ukuba ubushushu be-ambient buphezulu kakhulu, kunokubangela ukuba isixhobo somatshini sitshise kakhulu kwaye sichaphazele ukusebenza kwayo kunye nobomi benkonzo. Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenze ixesha elide kwiqondo lokushisa elingaphantsi kwe-45 ° C. Ukungena komoya, ukupholisa kunye namanye amanyathelo anokuthathwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba isixhobo somatshini sisebenza ngaphakathi kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo lobushushu. - Ukuba le mveliso ifakwe kwibhokisi yokuhambisa umbane, ubungakanani kunye neemeko zomoya webhokisi lokuhambisa umbane kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba zonke izixhobo zombane zangaphakathi zikhululekile kwingozi yokushisa. Ngelo xesha, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwakhona ukuba ukungcangcazela komatshini kuya kuchaphazela izixhobo zombane zebhokisi yokuhambisa umbane.
Ibhokisi yokuhambisa umbane yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC. Inika amandla kunye nokhuseleko lwezixhobo zombane zesixhobo somatshini. Ubungakanani kunye neemeko zokungenisa umoya zebhokisi yokuhambisa umbane kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu bezixhobo zangaphakathi zombane zokukhusela iiphoso zokushisa. Ngelo xesha, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwakhona ukuba ukungcangcazela kwesixhobo somatshini kuya kuchaphazela izixhobo zombane zebhokisi yokuhambisa umbane. Ukuba ukungcangcazela kukhulu kakhulu, kunokubangela ukuba izixhobo zombane zikhululeke okanye zonakaliswe. Amanyathelo okufunxa okothusayo afana nokufakela iipadi zokufunxa ukothuka kunokuthatyathwa ukunciphisa ifuthe lokungcangcazela. - Ukuze kuqinisekiswe isiphumo esihle sokujikeleza kokupholisa, xa ufaka umqhubi, kufuneka kubekho indawo eyaneleyo phakathi kwayo kunye nezinto ezikufutshane kunye ne-baffles (endonga) kumacala onke, kunye nokungena komoya kunye nemingxuma yokukhupha ayinakuvinjelwa, ngaphandle koko kuya kubangela impazamo.
Inkqubo yokujikeleza okupholileyo ibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo kwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC. Ukujikeleza okuhle kokupholisa kunokunciphisa ubushushu bezixhobo zesixhobo somatshini kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kokucubungula kunye nokuzinza. Xa ufaka umqhubi, qinisekisa ukuba kukho indawo eyaneleyo ejikelezileyo yokujikeleza komoya ukuqinisekisa umphumo wokupholisa. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukungena komoya kunye nemingxuma yokukhupha ayinakuvinjelwa, ngaphandle koko kuya kuchaphazela umphumo wokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kwaye kubangele iimpazamo.
IV. Ezinye izilumkiso zezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC
- Iingcingo phakathi komqhubi nemoto azinakutsalwa ziqine kakhulu.
Ukuba i-wiring phakathi komqhubi kunye ne-motor itsalwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, inokukhululeka okanye yonakaliswe ngenxa yoxinzelelo ngexesha lokusebenza kwesixhobo somatshini. Ke ngoko, xa ufaka iingcingo, i-slack efanelekileyo kufuneka igcinwe ukunqanda ukutsala kakhulu. Ngexesha elifanayo, imeko ye-wiring kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo ukuze kuqinisekiswe uxhulumaniso oluqinileyo. - Musa ukubeka izinto ezinzima phezu komqhubi.
Ukubeka izinto ezinzima phezu komqhubi kungonakalisa umqhubi. Izinto ezinzima zinokutyumza i-casing okanye iinxalenye zangaphakathi zomqhubi kwaye zichaphazela ukusebenza kwayo kunye nobomi benkonzo. Ngoko ke, izinto ezinzima akufanele zibekwe phezu komqhubi. - Amacwecwe esinyithi, izikrufu kunye neminye imiba yangaphandle eqhubayo okanye i-oyile kunye nezinye izinto ezinokutsha azikwazi ukuxutywa ngaphakathi komqhubi.
Imiba ye-conductive yangaphandle enjengamashiti esinyithi kunye nezikrufu zinokubangela iisekethe ezimfutshane ngaphakathi kumqhubi kwaye zonakalise izinto ze-elektroniki. I-oyile kunye nezinye izinto ezinokutsha zenza ingozi yokhuseleko kwaye zingabangela umlilo. Xa ufaka kwaye usebenzisa umqhubi, qinisekisa ukuba ingaphakathi layo licocekile kwaye ugweme ukuxuba imicimbi yangaphandle. - Ukuba udibaniso phakathi komqhubi kunye nemoto ludlula iimitha ezingama-20, nceda ujiye i-U, V, W kunye neengcingo zoqhagamshelwano ze-Encoder.
Xa umgama wokudibanisa phakathi komqhubi kunye nemoto udlula iimitha ezingama-20, ukuhanjiswa komqondiso kuya kuchaphazeleka kwinqanaba elithile. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhanjiswa komqondiso okuzinzile, i-U, V, W kunye ne-Encoder iingcingo zoqhagamshelwano kufuneka ziqiniswe. Oku kunokunciphisa ukuchasana komgca kunye nokuphucula umgangatho kunye nokuzinza kokuhanjiswa komqondiso. - Umqhubi akanakuwiswa okanye achaphazeleke.
Umqhubi sisixhobo sombane esichanekileyo. Ukuyiwisa okanye ukuyichaphazela kungonakalisa isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki kwaye kubangele iimpazamo. Xa uphethe kwaye ufaka umqhubi, kufuneka uphathwe ngokucophelela ukuphepha ukuhla okanye ukuchaphazela. - Xa umqhubi wonakele, akanakuqhutywa ngenkani.
Ukuba umonakalo ufunyenwe kumqhubi, njenge-casing eqhekekileyo okanye i-wiring evulekileyo, kufuneka imiswe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ihlolwe okanye itshintshwe. Ukunyanzelisa ukuba aqhube umqhubi owonakeleyo kunokukhokelela kwiimpazamo ezinzulu de kubangele neengozi zokhuseleko.
Ukuqukumbela, ukufakela okuchanekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ngundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukuveliswa kwezinto ezichanekileyo ze-hardware. Xa ufaka izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC, iimeko zokusingqongileyo zokufakela kunye nezilumkiso kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka, ukuzinza kunye nokuthembeka kwesixhobo somatshini. Ngelo xesha, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lokusebenza, kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwesixhobo somatshini kufuneka kuqhutywe ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.