Uhlahlelo kunye nokuPhuculwa kweMiba echaphazela ukuchaneka kweMichining Dimensional of Machining Centres
I-Abstract: Eli phepha liphonononga ngokucokisekileyo izinto ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela ukuchaneka kwe-machining dimensional yamaziko omatshini kwaye liwahlulahlule abe ziindidi ezimbini: izinto ezinokuphepheka kunye nezinto ezingenakuphikiswa. Kwizinto eziphephekayo, ezifana neenkqubo zomatshini, ukubala kwamanani kwiprogram ye-manual kunye ne-othomathikhi, izinto zokusika, kunye nokusetwa kwesixhobo, njl. njl., ukucaciswa okucacileyo kwenziwa, kwaye kucetywayo amanyathelo okuphucula ahambelanayo. Kwizinto ezingenakuphikiswa, kubandakanywa i-deformation yokupholisa i-workpiece kunye nokuzinza kwesixhobo somatshini ngokwawo, izizathu kunye neendlela zempembelelo zihlalutywa. Injongo kukubonelela ngezalathiso zolwazi oluphangaleleyo kumagcisa asebenza kunye nolawulo lwamaziko omatshini, ukuze kuphuculwe inqanaba lolawulo lokuchaneka kwedimensional yomatshini wamaziko omatshini kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
I. Intshayelelo
Njengesixhobo esiphambili kumatshini wanamhlanje, ukuchaneka komgangatho womatshini wamaziko omatshini anxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nomgangatho kunye nokusebenza kweemveliso. Kweyona nkqubo yemveliso, izinto ezahlukeneyo ziyakuchaphazela ukuchaneka kobukhulu bomatshini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlalutya nzulu le miba kwaye ufune iindlela zokulawula ezisebenzayo.
Njengesixhobo esiphambili kumatshini wanamhlanje, ukuchaneka komgangatho womatshini wamaziko omatshini anxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nomgangatho kunye nokusebenza kweemveliso. Kweyona nkqubo yemveliso, izinto ezahlukeneyo ziyakuchaphazela ukuchaneka kobukhulu bomatshini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlalutya nzulu le miba kwaye ufune iindlela zokulawula ezisebenzayo.
II. Imiba Ephembelelayo Enokuphetshwa
(I) Inkqubo yoMatshini
Ingqiqo yenkqubo yomatshini imisela ubukhulu becala ukuchaneka kobukhulu bomatshini. Ngesiseko sokulandela imigaqo esisiseko yenkqubo yomatshini, xa umatshini wokwenza izinto ezithambileyo ezifana neengxenye ze-aluminium, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwimpembelelo yeentsimbi zetsimbi. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lenkqubo yokugaya iinxalenye ze-aluminium, ngenxa yokuthungwa okuthambileyo kwe-aluminiyam, iifayili zentsimbi ezenziwe ngokusika zinokuthi zikrwele umphezulu owenziwe ngomatshini, ngaloo ndlela zingenise iimpazamo ezinobungakanani. Ukunciphisa ezo mpazamo, imilinganiselo efana nokuphucula indlela yokususa itshiphu kunye nokuphucula ukufunxa isixhobo sokususa itshiphu inokuthathwa. Ngeli xesha, kulungiselelo lwenkqubo, ukwabiwa kwesibonelelo soomatshini oburhabaxa kunye nokugqiba ngomatshini kufuneka kucwangciswe ngokufanelekileyo. Ngexesha lokucoca ngokurhabaxa, ubunzulu obukhulu bokusika kunye nesantya sokutya sisetyenziselwa ukususa ngokukhawuleza isixa esikhulu sesibonelelo, kodwa isibonelelo esifanelekileyo sokugqiba machining, ngokubanzi 0.3 - 0.5mm, kufuneka sigcinwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umatshini wokugqiba unokufikelela ukuchaneka komgangatho ophezulu. Ngokumalunga nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ngaphandle kokulandela imigaqo yokunciphisa amaxesha okubamba nokusebenzisa iimodyuli, ukuchaneka kwendawo kufuneka kuqinisekiswe. Umzekelo, ngokusebenzisa izikhonkwane zokubeka ezichanekileyo eziphezulu kunye nokubeka indawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka kwendawo yokusebenza ngexesha lenkqubo yokudibanisa, ukuphepha iimpazamo ezinobungakanani obubangelwa ukutenxa kwindawo yokudibanisa.
Ingqiqo yenkqubo yomatshini imisela ubukhulu becala ukuchaneka kobukhulu bomatshini. Ngesiseko sokulandela imigaqo esisiseko yenkqubo yomatshini, xa umatshini wokwenza izinto ezithambileyo ezifana neengxenye ze-aluminium, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwimpembelelo yeentsimbi zetsimbi. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lenkqubo yokugaya iinxalenye ze-aluminium, ngenxa yokuthungwa okuthambileyo kwe-aluminiyam, iifayili zentsimbi ezenziwe ngokusika zinokuthi zikrwele umphezulu owenziwe ngomatshini, ngaloo ndlela zingenise iimpazamo ezinobungakanani. Ukunciphisa ezo mpazamo, imilinganiselo efana nokuphucula indlela yokususa itshiphu kunye nokuphucula ukufunxa isixhobo sokususa itshiphu inokuthathwa. Ngeli xesha, kulungiselelo lwenkqubo, ukwabiwa kwesibonelelo soomatshini oburhabaxa kunye nokugqiba ngomatshini kufuneka kucwangciswe ngokufanelekileyo. Ngexesha lokucoca ngokurhabaxa, ubunzulu obukhulu bokusika kunye nesantya sokutya sisetyenziselwa ukususa ngokukhawuleza isixa esikhulu sesibonelelo, kodwa isibonelelo esifanelekileyo sokugqiba machining, ngokubanzi 0.3 - 0.5mm, kufuneka sigcinwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umatshini wokugqiba unokufikelela ukuchaneka komgangatho ophezulu. Ngokumalunga nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ngaphandle kokulandela imigaqo yokunciphisa amaxesha okubamba nokusebenzisa iimodyuli, ukuchaneka kwendawo kufuneka kuqinisekiswe. Umzekelo, ngokusebenzisa izikhonkwane zokubeka ezichanekileyo eziphezulu kunye nokubeka indawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka kwendawo yokusebenza ngexesha lenkqubo yokudibanisa, ukuphepha iimpazamo ezinobungakanani obubangelwa ukutenxa kwindawo yokudibanisa.
(II) Ukubala kwamanani kwi-Manual and Automatic Programming of Machining Centres
Nokuba ludweliso lwenkqubo lwezandla okanye luzenzekela, ukuchaneka kokubala kwamanani kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokucwangcisa, ibandakanya ukubalwa kweendlela zesixhobo, ukumiselwa kwamanqaku olungelelaniso, njl. Umzekelo, xa ubala umkhondo we-interpolation yesetyhula, ukuba ukulungelelaniswa kombindi wesangqa okanye i-radius ibalwa ngokungalunganga, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kukhokelela kwi-machining dimensional deviations. Ukucwangcisa iindawo ezinokwakheka okuntsokothileyo, isoftware yeCAD/CAM ephucukileyo iyafuneka ukuze kuqhutywe umfuziselo ochanekileyo kunye nocwangciso lwendlela yesixhobo. Ngethuba lokusetyenziswa kwesofthiwe, imilinganiselo yejometri yemodeli kufuneka iqinisekiswe ukuba ichanekile, kwaye iindlela zesixhobo ezenziweyo kufuneka zihlolwe ngokucophelela kwaye ziqinisekiswe. Okwangoku, abadwelisi benkqubo kufuneka babe nesiseko esiluqilima semathematika kunye namava atyebileyo enkqubo, kwaye bakwazi ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo imiyalelo yenkqubo kunye neeparamitha ngokweemfuno zobuchwephesha bamacandelo. Umzekelo, xa udweliso lwenkqubo lusebenza, iiparamitha ezinjengobunzulu bokomba kunye nomgama wokurhoxisa kufuneka usetwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuthintela iimpazamo ezibangelwa ziimpazamo zeprogramu.
Nokuba ludweliso lwenkqubo lwezandla okanye luzenzekela, ukuchaneka kokubala kwamanani kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokucwangcisa, ibandakanya ukubalwa kweendlela zesixhobo, ukumiselwa kwamanqaku olungelelaniso, njl. Umzekelo, xa ubala umkhondo we-interpolation yesetyhula, ukuba ukulungelelaniswa kombindi wesangqa okanye i-radius ibalwa ngokungalunganga, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kukhokelela kwi-machining dimensional deviations. Ukucwangcisa iindawo ezinokwakheka okuntsokothileyo, isoftware yeCAD/CAM ephucukileyo iyafuneka ukuze kuqhutywe umfuziselo ochanekileyo kunye nocwangciso lwendlela yesixhobo. Ngethuba lokusetyenziswa kwesofthiwe, imilinganiselo yejometri yemodeli kufuneka iqinisekiswe ukuba ichanekile, kwaye iindlela zesixhobo ezenziweyo kufuneka zihlolwe ngokucophelela kwaye ziqinisekiswe. Okwangoku, abadwelisi benkqubo kufuneka babe nesiseko esiluqilima semathematika kunye namava atyebileyo enkqubo, kwaye bakwazi ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo imiyalelo yenkqubo kunye neeparamitha ngokweemfuno zobuchwephesha bamacandelo. Umzekelo, xa udweliso lwenkqubo lusebenza, iiparamitha ezinjengobunzulu bokomba kunye nomgama wokurhoxisa kufuneka usetwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuthintela iimpazamo ezibangelwa ziimpazamo zeprogramu.
(III) Ukusika izinto kunye neMbuyekezo yesixhobo
Isantya sokusika i-vc, ireyithi yesondlo f, kunye nobunzulu bokusika i-ap ineempembelelo ezibalulekileyo kumatshini wokuchaneka komda. Isantya sokusika esigqithisileyo sinokukhokelela ekunxityweni kwesixhobo, oko kuchaphazela ukuchaneka komatshini; Isantya sesondlo esigqithisileyo sinokunyusa amandla okusika, kubangele uguquko lwesixhobo sokusebenza okanye ukungcangcazela kwesixhobo kwaye kubangele ukutenxa komgangatho. Ngokomzekelo, xa usenza i-high-hardness alloy steels, ukuba isantya sokusika sikhethwe siphezulu kakhulu, umgca wokusika wesixhobo ulungele ukugqoka, okwenza ubungakanani bomatshini buncinci. Iiparamitha zokusika ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zimiselwe ngokucokisekileyo kuthathela ingqalelo izinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nezixhobo zokusebenza, izixhobo zokusebenza, kunye nokusebenza komatshini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, banokukhethwa ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo zokusika okanye ngokubhekisela kwiincwadana ezifanelekileyo zokusika. Okwangoku, imbuyekezo yesixhobo ikwayindlela ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komatshini. Kumaziko omatshini, imbuyekezo yokunxiba isixhobo inokulungisa ngexesha lokwenyani utshintsho olubangelwa kukunxitywa kwesixhobo. Abaqhubi kufuneka bahlengahlengise ixabiso lembuyekezo yesixhobo ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngokweyona meko yokunxiba kweso sixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lokucwangciswa okuqhubekayo kweqela leenxalenye, imilinganiselo yomatshini ilinganiswa rhoqo. Xa kufunyenwe ukuba imilinganiselo ngokuthe ngcembe ikhula okanye iyancipha, ixabiso lembuyekezo yesixhobo liguqulwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka kwe-machining yamacandelo alandelayo.
Isantya sokusika i-vc, ireyithi yesondlo f, kunye nobunzulu bokusika i-ap ineempembelelo ezibalulekileyo kumatshini wokuchaneka komda. Isantya sokusika esigqithisileyo sinokukhokelela ekunxityweni kwesixhobo, oko kuchaphazela ukuchaneka komatshini; Isantya sesondlo esigqithisileyo sinokunyusa amandla okusika, kubangele uguquko lwesixhobo sokusebenza okanye ukungcangcazela kwesixhobo kwaye kubangele ukutenxa komgangatho. Ngokomzekelo, xa usenza i-high-hardness alloy steels, ukuba isantya sokusika sikhethwe siphezulu kakhulu, umgca wokusika wesixhobo ulungele ukugqoka, okwenza ubungakanani bomatshini buncinci. Iiparamitha zokusika ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zimiselwe ngokucokisekileyo kuthathela ingqalelo izinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nezixhobo zokusebenza, izixhobo zokusebenza, kunye nokusebenza komatshini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, banokukhethwa ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo zokusika okanye ngokubhekisela kwiincwadana ezifanelekileyo zokusika. Okwangoku, imbuyekezo yesixhobo ikwayindlela ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komatshini. Kumaziko omatshini, imbuyekezo yokunxiba isixhobo inokulungisa ngexesha lokwenyani utshintsho olubangelwa kukunxitywa kwesixhobo. Abaqhubi kufuneka bahlengahlengise ixabiso lembuyekezo yesixhobo ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngokweyona meko yokunxiba kweso sixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lokucwangciswa okuqhubekayo kweqela leenxalenye, imilinganiselo yomatshini ilinganiswa rhoqo. Xa kufunyenwe ukuba imilinganiselo ngokuthe ngcembe ikhula okanye iyancipha, ixabiso lembuyekezo yesixhobo liguqulwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka kwe-machining yamacandelo alandelayo.
(IV) Tool Setting
Ukuchaneka kokusetwa kwesixhobo kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokuchaneka kwe-machining dimensional. Inkqubo yokumisela isixhobo kukumisela ubudlelwane bendawo phakathi kwesixhobo kunye nomsebenzi. Ukuba isicwangciso sesixhobo asichanekanga, iimpazamo ezinobungakanani ziyakwenzeka ngokungenakuthintelwa kwiindawo ezingoomatshini. Ukukhetha i-high-precision edge finder yenye yemilinganiselo ebalulekileyo yokuphucula ukuchaneka kwesixhobo sokumisela. Ngokomzekelo, ngokusebenzisa i-optical edge finder, indawo yesixhobo kunye nomda we-workpiece inokubonwa ngokuchanekileyo, ngokuchaneka kwe-± 0.005mm. Kumaziko omatshini axhotyiswe ngeseti yesixhobo esizenzekelayo, imisebenzi yayo ingasetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo ukufezekisa ukuseta isixhobo esikhawulezayo nesichanekileyo. Ngethuba lokusetyenzwa kwesixhobo, ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe kwakhona ekucocekeni kwendawo yokubeka isixhobo ukuphepha impembelelo ye-debris ekuchanekeni kwesixhobo. Okwangoku, abaqhubi kufuneka balandele ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokusebenza zokumisela isixhobo, kwaye bathathe imilinganiselo emininzi kwaye babale ixabiso eliphakathi ukunciphisa impazamo yokumisela isixhobo.
Ukuchaneka kokusetwa kwesixhobo kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokuchaneka kwe-machining dimensional. Inkqubo yokumisela isixhobo kukumisela ubudlelwane bendawo phakathi kwesixhobo kunye nomsebenzi. Ukuba isicwangciso sesixhobo asichanekanga, iimpazamo ezinobungakanani ziyakwenzeka ngokungenakuthintelwa kwiindawo ezingoomatshini. Ukukhetha i-high-precision edge finder yenye yemilinganiselo ebalulekileyo yokuphucula ukuchaneka kwesixhobo sokumisela. Ngokomzekelo, ngokusebenzisa i-optical edge finder, indawo yesixhobo kunye nomda we-workpiece inokubonwa ngokuchanekileyo, ngokuchaneka kwe-± 0.005mm. Kumaziko omatshini axhotyiswe ngeseti yesixhobo esizenzekelayo, imisebenzi yayo ingasetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo ukufezekisa ukuseta isixhobo esikhawulezayo nesichanekileyo. Ngethuba lokusetyenzwa kwesixhobo, ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe kwakhona ekucocekeni kwendawo yokubeka isixhobo ukuphepha impembelelo ye-debris ekuchanekeni kwesixhobo. Okwangoku, abaqhubi kufuneka balandele ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokusebenza zokumisela isixhobo, kwaye bathathe imilinganiselo emininzi kwaye babale ixabiso eliphakathi ukunciphisa impazamo yokumisela isixhobo.
III. Imiba engenakuthintelwa
(I) Ukupholisa iDeformation of Workpieces emva koMachining
Izixhobo zokusebenza ziya kuvelisa ubushushu ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini, kwaye ziya kukhubaza ngenxa yokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nesiphumo sokuncipha xa kupholisa emva komatshini. Le nto iqhelekileyo kwi-metal machining kwaye kunzima ukuyiphepha ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo, kwezinye iindawo ezinkulu zealluminiyam yesakhiwo, ubushushu obuveliswa ngexesha lomatshini buphezulu, kwaye ukuncipha kobungakanani kuyabonakala emva kokupholisa. Ukunciphisa impembelelo ye-deformation yokupholisa ekuchanekeni kwe-dimensional, ukupholisa kunokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini. Isipholisi asikwazi ukunciphisa kuphela ubushushu bokusika kunye nokunxiba kwesixhobo kodwa kwakhona yenze i-workpiece ipholile ngokulinganayo kwaye inciphise iqondo lokuguqulwa kwe-thermal. Xa ukhetha i-coolant, kufuneka isekelwe kwizinto zokusebenza kunye neemfuno zenkqubo yomatshini. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-aluminium inxalenye ye-machining, i-aluminium ekhethekileyo yokusika i-alloy fluid inokukhethwa, enezinto ezintle zokupholisa kunye ne-lubricating. Ukongezelela, xa usenza umlinganiselo we-in-situ, impembelelo yexesha lokupholisa kwisayizi yomsebenzi kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo. Ngokubanzi, umlinganiselo kufuneka wenziwe emva kokuba i-workpiece ipholile kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, okanye utshintsho lwe-dimensional ngexesha lenkqubo yokupholisa lunokuqikelelwa kwaye iziphumo zokulinganisa zinokulungiswa ngokwedatha yobungqina.
Izixhobo zokusebenza ziya kuvelisa ubushushu ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini, kwaye ziya kukhubaza ngenxa yokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nesiphumo sokuncipha xa kupholisa emva komatshini. Le nto iqhelekileyo kwi-metal machining kwaye kunzima ukuyiphepha ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo, kwezinye iindawo ezinkulu zealluminiyam yesakhiwo, ubushushu obuveliswa ngexesha lomatshini buphezulu, kwaye ukuncipha kobungakanani kuyabonakala emva kokupholisa. Ukunciphisa impembelelo ye-deformation yokupholisa ekuchanekeni kwe-dimensional, ukupholisa kunokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini. Isipholisi asikwazi ukunciphisa kuphela ubushushu bokusika kunye nokunxiba kwesixhobo kodwa kwakhona yenze i-workpiece ipholile ngokulinganayo kwaye inciphise iqondo lokuguqulwa kwe-thermal. Xa ukhetha i-coolant, kufuneka isekelwe kwizinto zokusebenza kunye neemfuno zenkqubo yomatshini. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-aluminium inxalenye ye-machining, i-aluminium ekhethekileyo yokusika i-alloy fluid inokukhethwa, enezinto ezintle zokupholisa kunye ne-lubricating. Ukongezelela, xa usenza umlinganiselo we-in-situ, impembelelo yexesha lokupholisa kwisayizi yomsebenzi kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo. Ngokubanzi, umlinganiselo kufuneka wenziwe emva kokuba i-workpiece ipholile kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, okanye utshintsho lwe-dimensional ngexesha lenkqubo yokupholisa lunokuqikelelwa kwaye iziphumo zokulinganisa zinokulungiswa ngokwedatha yobungqina.
(II) Uzinzo lweZiko loMatshini ngokwalo
Imiba yoomatshini
Ukukhulula phakathi kwe-Servo Motor kunye ne-Screw: Ukukhulula uxhulumaniso phakathi kwe-servo motor kunye ne-screw kuya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuchaneka kokudluliselwa. Ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini, xa i-motor ijikeleza, uxhulumaniso olukhululweyo luya kubangela ukujikeleza kwe-screw ukuba ihambe okanye ingalingani, ngaloo ndlela yenza i-trajectory yentshukumo yesixhobo iphambuke kwindawo efanelekileyo kwaye ibangele iimpazamo ezinobungakanani. Umzekelo, ngexesha lokuchaneka okuphezulu kwecontour machining, oku kukhulula kunokubangela ukutenxa kwimilo yekhonta yomatshini, njengokungathotyelwa kweemfuno malunga nokuthe tye kunye nokujikeleza. Ukukhangela rhoqo kunye nokuqinisa iibholiti zokudibanisa phakathi kwe-servo motor kunye ne-screw ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokuthintela iingxaki ezinjalo. Okwangoku, i-anti-loose nuts okanye i-agent yokutshixa intambo ingasetyenziselwa ukwandisa ukuthembeka koqhagamshelwano.
Ukukhulula phakathi kwe-Servo Motor kunye ne-Screw: Ukukhulula uxhulumaniso phakathi kwe-servo motor kunye ne-screw kuya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuchaneka kokudluliselwa. Ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini, xa i-motor ijikeleza, uxhulumaniso olukhululweyo luya kubangela ukujikeleza kwe-screw ukuba ihambe okanye ingalingani, ngaloo ndlela yenza i-trajectory yentshukumo yesixhobo iphambuke kwindawo efanelekileyo kwaye ibangele iimpazamo ezinobungakanani. Umzekelo, ngexesha lokuchaneka okuphezulu kwecontour machining, oku kukhulula kunokubangela ukutenxa kwimilo yekhonta yomatshini, njengokungathotyelwa kweemfuno malunga nokuthe tye kunye nokujikeleza. Ukukhangela rhoqo kunye nokuqinisa iibholiti zokudibanisa phakathi kwe-servo motor kunye ne-screw ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokuthintela iingxaki ezinjalo. Okwangoku, i-anti-loose nuts okanye i-agent yokutshixa intambo ingasetyenziselwa ukwandisa ukuthembeka koqhagamshelwano.
Ukunxitywa kwe-Ball Screw Bearings okanye i-Nuts: I-screw yebhola licandelo elibalulekileyo lokuqonda intshukumo echanekileyo kwiziko lomatshini, kwaye ukunxitywa kweebheringi zayo okanye amantongomane kuya kuchaphazela ukuchaneka kokudluliselwa kwe-screw. Njengoko ukugqoka kuqinisa, ukucocwa kwe-screw kuya kwanda ngokuthe ngcembe, kubangela ukuba isixhobo sihambe ngokungahambi kakuhle ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyakaza. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lokusikwa kwe-axial, ukunxiba kwe-screw nut kuya kwenza ukuba indawo yesixhobo kwi-axial direction ingachanekanga, okukhokelela kwiimpazamo ze-dimensional kubude becandelo lomatshini. Ukunciphisa oku kunxitywa, ukuthambisa okulungileyo kwesikrufu kufuneka kuqinisekiswe, kwaye igrisi yokuthambisa kufuneka itshintshwe rhoqo. Okwangoku, ukuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-screw yebhola kufuneka kuqhutywe, kwaye xa ukugqoka kudlula uluhlu oluvumelekileyo, iibheringi okanye amantongomane kufuneka atshintshwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
I-Lubrication enganelanga phakathi kwe-Screw kunye ne-Nut: I-lubrication eyaneleyo iya kwandisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-screw kunye ne-nut, kungekhona nje ukukhawuleza ukunxiba kwamacandelo kodwa kubangele ukuchasana kokunyakaza okungalinganiyo kunye nokuchaphazela ukuchaneka komatshini. Ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini, into ekhasayo inokuthi yenzeke, oko kukuthi, isixhobo siya kuba nekhefu kwaye sitsibe xa sihamba ngesantya esisezantsi, nto leyo eyenza umgangatho owenziwe ngoomatshini ube mandundu kwaye ukuchaneka komdimensional kunzima ukuqinisekiswa. Ngokwencwadana yokusebenza yesixhobo somatshini, igrisi yokuthambisa okanye i-oyile yokuthambisa kufuneka ijongwe rhoqo kwaye yongezwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba isikrufu kunye nendongomane zikwimeko elungileyo yokuthambisa. Okwangoku, iimveliso zokuthambisa ezinomgangatho ophezulu zinokukhethwa ukuphucula isiphumo sokuthambisa kunye nokunciphisa ukungqubana.
Imiba yoMbane
Ukungaphumeleli kweeMoto zeServo: Ukungaphumeleli kwe-servo motor kuya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ulawulo lwentshukumo yesixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, isiphaluka esifutshane okanye isekethe evulekileyo yokujikeleza kwemoto iya kubangela ukuba i-motor ingakwazi ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo okanye ibe ne-torque engazinzanga, okwenza isixhobo singakwazi ukuhamba ngokuhambelana ne-trajectory echazwe kwangaphambili kwaye kubangele iimpazamo ezinobungakanani. Ukongeza, ukungaphumeleli kwe-encoder yemoto kuya kuchaphazela ukuchaneka kwesiginali yengxelo yesikhundla, okubangela ukuba inkqubo yokulawula isixhobo somatshini ingakwazi ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo indawo yesixhobo. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kwe-servo motor kufuneka kuqhutywe, kubandakanywa ukujonga iiparamitha zombane zemoto, ukucoca i-fan yokupholisa yemoto, kunye nokufumanisa imeko yokusebenza ye-encoder, njl., ukufumanisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nokuphelisa iingozi ezinokubakho.
Ukungaphumeleli kweeMoto zeServo: Ukungaphumeleli kwe-servo motor kuya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ulawulo lwentshukumo yesixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, isiphaluka esifutshane okanye isekethe evulekileyo yokujikeleza kwemoto iya kubangela ukuba i-motor ingakwazi ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo okanye ibe ne-torque engazinzanga, okwenza isixhobo singakwazi ukuhamba ngokuhambelana ne-trajectory echazwe kwangaphambili kwaye kubangele iimpazamo ezinobungakanani. Ukongeza, ukungaphumeleli kwe-encoder yemoto kuya kuchaphazela ukuchaneka kwesiginali yengxelo yesikhundla, okubangela ukuba inkqubo yokulawula isixhobo somatshini ingakwazi ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo indawo yesixhobo. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kwe-servo motor kufuneka kuqhutywe, kubandakanywa ukujonga iiparamitha zombane zemoto, ukucoca i-fan yokupholisa yemoto, kunye nokufumanisa imeko yokusebenza ye-encoder, njl., ukufumanisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nokuphelisa iingozi ezinokubakho.
Ukungcola Ngaphakathi kweSikali soMgangatho: Isikali se-grating yinzwa ebalulekileyo esetyenziswe kwiziko lomatshini ukulinganisa indawo kunye nokunyakaza kokuhamba kwesixhobo. Ukuba kukho ukungcola ngaphakathi kwesikali se-grating, kuya kuchaphazela ukuchaneka kokufundwa kwesikali se-grating, ngaloo ndlela yenza inkqubo yokulawula isixhobo somatshini ifumane ulwazi lwendawo engalunganga kwaye ibangele ukuphambuka kwe-machining dimensional. Ngokomzekelo, xa umatshini we-high-precision hole systems, ngenxa yempazamo yesikali se-grating, ukuchaneka kwendawo yemingxuma kunokugqithisa ukunyamezela. Ukucocwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwesikali se-grating kufuneka kuqhutywe, kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokucoca kunye nabacoci, kwaye ulandele iinkqubo zokusebenza ezichanekileyo ukuze ugweme ukulimaza isikali se-grating.
Ukungaphumeleli kwe-Servo Amplifier: Umsebenzi we-servo amplifier kukukhulisa umqondiso womyalelo okhutshwe yinkqubo yokulawula kwaye emva koko uqhube i-servo motor ukuba isebenze. Xa i-servo amplifier ingaphumeleli, njengaxa ityhubhu yamandla yonakalisiwe okanye i-amplification factor ayiqhelekanga, iya kwenza i-servo motor iqhube ngokungazinzi, ichaphazela ukuchaneka komatshini. Umzekelo, inokubangela ukuba isantya semoto siguquguquke, senze isantya sokutya kwesixhobo ngexesha lenkqubo yokusikwa singalingani, sinyuse uburhabaxa bomphezulu wenxalenye yomatshini, kunye nokunciphisa ukuchaneka komda. Isixhobo somatshini esigqibeleleyo sokubona impazamo yombane kunye nendlela yokulungisa kufuneka isekwe, kwaye abasebenzi bokulungisa umbane abaqeqeshiweyo kufuneka baxhotyiswe ukuze baxilonge kwangexesha kwaye balungise iziphene zamacandelo ombane anjenge-servo amplifier.
IV. Ukuqukumbela
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela ukuchaneka komgangatho womatshini wamaziko omatshini. Izinto eziphephekayo ezifana neenkqubo zokucwangciswa, ukubala kwamanani kwiprogram, izinto zokusika, kunye nokusekwa kwesixhobo kunokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokulungisa iinkqubo zenkqubo, ukuphucula amanqanaba eprogram, ngokufanelekileyo ukukhetha iiparitha zokusika, kunye nokubeka ngokuchanekileyo izixhobo. Izinto ezingenakunqandwa ezifana ne-workpiece yokupholisa i-deformation kunye nokuzinza kwesixhobo somatshini ngokwawo, nangona kunzima ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo, kunokunciphisa impembelelo yabo ekuchanekeni kwe-machining ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo afanelekileyo enkqubo efana nokusetyenziswa kokupholisa, ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokufumanisa iimpazamo kunye nokulungiswa kwesixhobo somatshini. Kweyona nkqubo yemveliso, abaqhubi kunye nabaphathi bobuchwephesha bamaziko omatshini kufuneka baqonde ngokupheleleyo le miba inefuthe kwaye bathathe amanyathelo ajolise ekuthinteleni nasekulawuleni ngokuqhubekayo ukuphucula ukuchaneka komgangatho wamaziko omatshini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wemveliso uyahlangabezana neemfuno, kwaye uphucule ukhuphiswano lwemarike lwamashishini.
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela ukuchaneka komgangatho womatshini wamaziko omatshini. Izinto eziphephekayo ezifana neenkqubo zokucwangciswa, ukubala kwamanani kwiprogram, izinto zokusika, kunye nokusekwa kwesixhobo kunokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokulungisa iinkqubo zenkqubo, ukuphucula amanqanaba eprogram, ngokufanelekileyo ukukhetha iiparitha zokusika, kunye nokubeka ngokuchanekileyo izixhobo. Izinto ezingenakunqandwa ezifana ne-workpiece yokupholisa i-deformation kunye nokuzinza kwesixhobo somatshini ngokwawo, nangona kunzima ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo, kunokunciphisa impembelelo yabo ekuchanekeni kwe-machining ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo afanelekileyo enkqubo efana nokusetyenziswa kokupholisa, ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokufumanisa iimpazamo kunye nokulungiswa kwesixhobo somatshini. Kweyona nkqubo yemveliso, abaqhubi kunye nabaphathi bobuchwephesha bamaziko omatshini kufuneka baqonde ngokupheleleyo le miba inefuthe kwaye bathathe amanyathelo ajolise ekuthinteleni nasekulawuleni ngokuqhubekayo ukuphucula ukuchaneka komgangatho wamaziko omatshini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wemveliso uyahlangabezana neemfuno, kwaye uphucule ukhuphiswano lwemarike lwamashishini.