"Umahluko kunye nezinto ezilungileyo phakathi kweZixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC kunye neZixhobo zoomatshini ngokubanzi"
Kwinkalo yanamhlanje yokusetyenzwa koomatshini, itekhnoloji yolawulo lwamanani kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zikwindawo ebalulekileyo. Ngomqondo olula, isixhobo somatshini we-CNC sisixhobo somatshini jikelele kunye nenkqubo yokulawula amanani eyongeziweyo, kodwa ngokwenene, ingaphezulu kakhulu. Itekhnoloji yolawulo lwamanani sesona sixhobo siphambili sokusebenza ngoku sisetyenziswa kushishino lokulungisa oomatshini, oluquka iindidi ezininzi ezinje ngeelathe ze-CNC, oomatshini bokusila be-CNC, oomatshini bokubhoresa be-CNC kunye noomatshini bokusila, amaziko e-CNC egantry machining, kunye nokusika ucingo lwe-CNC.
I. Ingcamango yeteknoloji yokulawula amanani kunye nezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC
Itekhnoloji yolawulo lwamanani kukusetyenziswa kwemiqondiso yenkqubo yedijithali ukulawula inkqubo yomatshini wezixhobo zoomatshini ngeekhompyuter. Njengomatshini wokwenza oomatshini, izixhobo zoomatshini zinokwenza izixhobo zoomatshini ngokwazo kwaye zibandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini ezinje ngokujika, ukugaya, ukucwangcisa, ukugaya, ukudinwa, ukubhola, i-spark yombane, ukucheba, ukugoba, kunye nokusika i-laser. Injongo yokucutshungulwa komatshini kukucubungula iindawo ezingenanto zentsimbi kwiimilo ezifunekayo, kubandakanywa iinkalo ezimbini: ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional kunye nokuchaneka kwejometri. Isixhobo esinokwenza le misebenzi ingasentla sibizwa ngokuba sisixhobo somatshini. Isixhobo somatshini we-CNC sisixhobo sokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu okuzenzekelayo okuphuhliswe kwisixhobo somatshini jikelele. “Ulawulo lwamanani” luthetha ulawulo lwedijithali. Isixhobo somatshini we-CNC sisixhobo somatshini esizenzekelayo esixhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokulawula inkqubo. Le nkqubo inokwenza ngokwengqiqo iinkqubo ezichazwe ziikhowudi zolawulo okanye eminye imiyalelo yomfuziselo kwaye ikwazi ukuyicacisa ukuze isixhobo somatshini sikwazi ukuhamba kwaye siqhube iindawo. Iyunithi yokulawula isixhobo somatshini we-CNC ngundoqo wayo. Ukusebenza kunye nokubeka esweni izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC zonke zigqityiwe kule yunithi yokulawula amanani. Kufana nengqondo yesixhobo somatshini we-CNC. Izixhobo zolawulo lwamanani esihlala sibhekisa kuzo ikakhulu ziquka iileyile zeCNC kunye namaziko omatshini.
Itekhnoloji yolawulo lwamanani kukusetyenziswa kwemiqondiso yenkqubo yedijithali ukulawula inkqubo yomatshini wezixhobo zoomatshini ngeekhompyuter. Njengomatshini wokwenza oomatshini, izixhobo zoomatshini zinokwenza izixhobo zoomatshini ngokwazo kwaye zibandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini ezinje ngokujika, ukugaya, ukucwangcisa, ukugaya, ukudinwa, ukubhola, i-spark yombane, ukucheba, ukugoba, kunye nokusika i-laser. Injongo yokucutshungulwa komatshini kukucubungula iindawo ezingenanto zentsimbi kwiimilo ezifunekayo, kubandakanywa iinkalo ezimbini: ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional kunye nokuchaneka kwejometri. Isixhobo esinokwenza le misebenzi ingasentla sibizwa ngokuba sisixhobo somatshini. Isixhobo somatshini we-CNC sisixhobo sokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu okuzenzekelayo okuphuhliswe kwisixhobo somatshini jikelele. “Ulawulo lwamanani” luthetha ulawulo lwedijithali. Isixhobo somatshini we-CNC sisixhobo somatshini esizenzekelayo esixhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokulawula inkqubo. Le nkqubo inokwenza ngokwengqiqo iinkqubo ezichazwe ziikhowudi zolawulo okanye eminye imiyalelo yomfuziselo kwaye ikwazi ukuyicacisa ukuze isixhobo somatshini sikwazi ukuhamba kwaye siqhube iindawo. Iyunithi yokulawula isixhobo somatshini we-CNC ngundoqo wayo. Ukusebenza kunye nokubeka esweni izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC zonke zigqityiwe kule yunithi yokulawula amanani. Kufana nengqondo yesixhobo somatshini we-CNC. Izixhobo zolawulo lwamanani esihlala sibhekisa kuzo ikakhulu ziquka iileyile zeCNC kunye namaziko omatshini.
II. Umahluko phakathi kwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini ngokubanzi
(1) Ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini
Ukuphucula ngokubonakalayo imveliso
Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zinokuphucula kakhulu imveliso. Emva kokuba i-workpiece igxininiswe, faka iprogram ye-machining ecwangcisiweyo kwangaphambili, kwaye isixhobo somatshini siya kugqiba ngokuzenzekelayo inkqubo yomatshini. Nje ukuba inxalenye yomatshini itshintshile, ngokubanzi kuphela inkqubo yolawulo lwamanani kufuneka itshintshwe, icuthe kakhulu ixesha lomatshini. Xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zoomatshini ngokubanzi, ukuveliswa kwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC kunokunyuswa ngamaxesha amaninzi okanye ngaphezulu. Kwinkqubo yomatshini wezixhobo zoomatshini ngokubanzi, ukusebenza rhoqo kwezandla kunye nohlengahlengiso kudla ngokufuneka, kwaye isantya somatshini sihamba kancinci. Ngelixa izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC zinokufezekisa umatshini oqhubekayo kunye ngokuzenzekelayo, ukunciphisa ikhefu kunye nexesha lokulinda kwinkqubo yomatshini, ngaloo ndlela iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
(2) Ukuchaneka komatshini
Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kakhulu komatshini kunye nomgangatho wemveliso ozinzile
Izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC zinokuchaneka okuphezulu komatshini kunye nomgangatho wemveliso ozinzile kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokweenkqubo, kwaye ukuchaneka komatshini kunokulungiswa kwaye kubuyekezwe ngesoftware. Phantse zonke izinto ezichanekileyo, eziphucukileyo, kunye neemveliso ezinqamlekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo zicutshungulwa kwaye zenziwe kusetyenziswa izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC. Ukuchaneka kokuchaneka kwezixhobo zomatshini jikelele kuchaphazeleka yizinto ezininzi ezifana nenqanaba lobugcisa bomqhubi kunye nokuzinza ngokuchanekileyo kwesixhobo somatshini, okwenza kube nzima ukuqinisekisa iimfuno zokuchaneka okuphezulu. Ngolawulo oluchanekileyo lwenkqubo yolawulo lwamanani, izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zinokufikelela kwinqanaba le-micrometer okanye ngaphezulu kokuchaneka komatshini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchaneka komda kunye nokuchaneka kwejometri yeemveliso zihlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo.
(3) Iqondo lokuzenzekelayo
Iqondo eliphezulu lokuzisebenzela linciphisa ukuqina kwabasebenzi
Iqondo lokuzenzekela kwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC liphezulu, linciphisa kakhulu ukuqina kwabasebenzi kwaye ukusa kumlinganiselo omkhulu liwufiphalisa umahluko phakathi kokusebenza ngokomzimba kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo. Ekusebenzeni kwezixhobo zoomatshini ngokubanzi, abaqhubi kufuneka benze inani elikhulu lemisebenzi yezandla efana nokulungelelanisa izixhobo, isantya sokutya, kunye nokulawula inkqubo yomatshini, okubangela ukunyanzeliswa kwabasebenzi. Ngelixa izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC, ngumqhubi kuphela ofuna ukufaka iinkqubo zokufaka kwaye enze ukubeka iliso okuyimfuneko, kwaye isixhobo somatshini sinokugqiba ngokuzenzekelayo inkqubo yomatshini. Inkqubo yomsebenzi yabaqhubi besixhobo somatshini we-CNC inomxholo ophezulu wezobuchwepheshe, kwaye ineemfuno eziphezulu kumgangatho wabaqhubi kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zobugcisa kubasebenzi bokulondoloza. Abantu abanokusebenzisa izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC babizwa ngokuba yi "gray collars"; abantu abaqondayo ukugcinwa kwesixhobo somatshini we-CNC kuthiwa "iikhola zesilivere"; kunye nabantu abanokusebenza kunye nokuqonda ukugcinwa kunye neetalente ezijikelezayo kulawulo lwamanani kuthiwa "iikhola zegolide".
(1) Ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini
Ukuphucula ngokubonakalayo imveliso
Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zinokuphucula kakhulu imveliso. Emva kokuba i-workpiece igxininiswe, faka iprogram ye-machining ecwangcisiweyo kwangaphambili, kwaye isixhobo somatshini siya kugqiba ngokuzenzekelayo inkqubo yomatshini. Nje ukuba inxalenye yomatshini itshintshile, ngokubanzi kuphela inkqubo yolawulo lwamanani kufuneka itshintshwe, icuthe kakhulu ixesha lomatshini. Xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zoomatshini ngokubanzi, ukuveliswa kwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC kunokunyuswa ngamaxesha amaninzi okanye ngaphezulu. Kwinkqubo yomatshini wezixhobo zoomatshini ngokubanzi, ukusebenza rhoqo kwezandla kunye nohlengahlengiso kudla ngokufuneka, kwaye isantya somatshini sihamba kancinci. Ngelixa izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC zinokufezekisa umatshini oqhubekayo kunye ngokuzenzekelayo, ukunciphisa ikhefu kunye nexesha lokulinda kwinkqubo yomatshini, ngaloo ndlela iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
(2) Ukuchaneka komatshini
Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kakhulu komatshini kunye nomgangatho wemveliso ozinzile
Izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC zinokuchaneka okuphezulu komatshini kunye nomgangatho wemveliso ozinzile kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokweenkqubo, kwaye ukuchaneka komatshini kunokulungiswa kwaye kubuyekezwe ngesoftware. Phantse zonke izinto ezichanekileyo, eziphucukileyo, kunye neemveliso ezinqamlekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo zicutshungulwa kwaye zenziwe kusetyenziswa izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC. Ukuchaneka kokuchaneka kwezixhobo zomatshini jikelele kuchaphazeleka yizinto ezininzi ezifana nenqanaba lobugcisa bomqhubi kunye nokuzinza ngokuchanekileyo kwesixhobo somatshini, okwenza kube nzima ukuqinisekisa iimfuno zokuchaneka okuphezulu. Ngolawulo oluchanekileyo lwenkqubo yolawulo lwamanani, izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zinokufikelela kwinqanaba le-micrometer okanye ngaphezulu kokuchaneka komatshini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchaneka komda kunye nokuchaneka kwejometri yeemveliso zihlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo.
(3) Iqondo lokuzenzekelayo
Iqondo eliphezulu lokuzisebenzela linciphisa ukuqina kwabasebenzi
Iqondo lokuzenzekela kwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC liphezulu, linciphisa kakhulu ukuqina kwabasebenzi kwaye ukusa kumlinganiselo omkhulu liwufiphalisa umahluko phakathi kokusebenza ngokomzimba kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo. Ekusebenzeni kwezixhobo zoomatshini ngokubanzi, abaqhubi kufuneka benze inani elikhulu lemisebenzi yezandla efana nokulungelelanisa izixhobo, isantya sokutya, kunye nokulawula inkqubo yomatshini, okubangela ukunyanzeliswa kwabasebenzi. Ngelixa izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC, ngumqhubi kuphela ofuna ukufaka iinkqubo zokufaka kwaye enze ukubeka iliso okuyimfuneko, kwaye isixhobo somatshini sinokugqiba ngokuzenzekelayo inkqubo yomatshini. Inkqubo yomsebenzi yabaqhubi besixhobo somatshini we-CNC inomxholo ophezulu wezobuchwepheshe, kwaye ineemfuno eziphezulu kumgangatho wabaqhubi kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zobugcisa kubasebenzi bokulondoloza. Abantu abanokusebenzisa izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC babizwa ngokuba yi "gray collars"; abantu abaqondayo ukugcinwa kwesixhobo somatshini we-CNC kuthiwa "iikhola zesilivere"; kunye nabantu abanokusebenza kunye nokuqonda ukugcinwa kunye neetalente ezijikelezayo kulawulo lwamanani kuthiwa "iikhola zegolide".
III. Izinto ezilungileyo zezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC
(1) Ukulungelelanisa kwiintlobo ezininzi kunye nemveliso encinci
Ngokwahluka kweemfuno zemarike, iintlobo ezininzi kunye neebhetshi ezincinci ziye zaba luphawu olubalulekileyo lwemveliso yanamhlanje. Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zinokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza inkqubo ye-machining yamacandelo ukuze ihambelane neemfuno ze-machining zamacandelo ahlukeneyo ngaphandle kwesidingo sohlengahlengiso olunzima lomatshini kunye notshintsho lwezixhobo. Oku kunika izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC iinzuzo ezicacileyo kwiintlobo ezininzi kunye nemveliso encinci, enokunciphisa kakhulu umjikelo wemveliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso.
(2) Isakhono esinamandla sokwenza iinxalenye ezinzima
Kwezinye iindawo ezineemilo ezintsonkothileyo kunye neemfuno ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo, izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zinamandla okusebenza. Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zinokufezekisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokuchaneka kweendawo ezinzima ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji efana nokunxibelelana kwe-multi-axis kunye nolawulo lwendlela yesixhobo esinzima. Xa izixhobo zoomatshini ngokubanzi ziqhuba iinxalenye ezinzima, iinkqubo ezininzi kunye ne-clampings ezininzi zihlala zifunwa, okwenza ukucubungula kube nzima kunye nokuchaneka kunzima ukuqinisekisa.
(3) Ukuphucula ukuhambelana komgangatho wemveliso
Izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC zinokuchaneka okuphezulu komatshini kunye nokuzinza okulungileyo, okunokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana komgangatho wemveliso. Kwimveliso ye-batch, izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC zinokuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional kunye nokuchaneka kwejometri yecandelo ngalinye kuluhlu olungqongqo lokulawula, ukuphepha ukungafani komgangatho wemveliso obangelwa yimiba yabantu kunye nokuchaneka komatshini ongazinzanga. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukukhuphisana kwimarike yeemveliso.
(4) Ukuququzelela ukufezekiswa kolwazi lolawulo lwemveliso
Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zinokudityaniswa kuthungelwano lwekhompyuter ukuqonda ulwazi lolawulo lwemveliso. Ngokusebenzisa i-interface yonxibelelwano yenkqubo yolawulo lwamanani, ulwazi olufana nemeko yokuqhuba kunye nenkqubela phambili yomatshini wesixhobo somatshini inokudluliselwa kwinkqubo yokulawula imveliso ngexesha langempela, ukuququzelela ukucwangciswa kwemveliso kunye nokujongwa komgangatho ngabaphathi. Kwangaxeshanye, ulawulo kunye nokuhanjiswa kweenkqubo zolawulo lwamanani nako kunokwenziwa ngenethiwekhi, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nenqanaba lolawulo.
(1) Ukulungelelanisa kwiintlobo ezininzi kunye nemveliso encinci
Ngokwahluka kweemfuno zemarike, iintlobo ezininzi kunye neebhetshi ezincinci ziye zaba luphawu olubalulekileyo lwemveliso yanamhlanje. Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zinokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza inkqubo ye-machining yamacandelo ukuze ihambelane neemfuno ze-machining zamacandelo ahlukeneyo ngaphandle kwesidingo sohlengahlengiso olunzima lomatshini kunye notshintsho lwezixhobo. Oku kunika izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC iinzuzo ezicacileyo kwiintlobo ezininzi kunye nemveliso encinci, enokunciphisa kakhulu umjikelo wemveliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso.
(2) Isakhono esinamandla sokwenza iinxalenye ezinzima
Kwezinye iindawo ezineemilo ezintsonkothileyo kunye neemfuno ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo, izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zinamandla okusebenza. Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zinokufezekisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokuchaneka kweendawo ezinzima ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji efana nokunxibelelana kwe-multi-axis kunye nolawulo lwendlela yesixhobo esinzima. Xa izixhobo zoomatshini ngokubanzi ziqhuba iinxalenye ezinzima, iinkqubo ezininzi kunye ne-clampings ezininzi zihlala zifunwa, okwenza ukucubungula kube nzima kunye nokuchaneka kunzima ukuqinisekisa.
(3) Ukuphucula ukuhambelana komgangatho wemveliso
Izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC zinokuchaneka okuphezulu komatshini kunye nokuzinza okulungileyo, okunokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana komgangatho wemveliso. Kwimveliso ye-batch, izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC zinokuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional kunye nokuchaneka kwejometri yecandelo ngalinye kuluhlu olungqongqo lokulawula, ukuphepha ukungafani komgangatho wemveliso obangelwa yimiba yabantu kunye nokuchaneka komatshini ongazinzanga. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukukhuphisana kwimarike yeemveliso.
(4) Ukuququzelela ukufezekiswa kolwazi lolawulo lwemveliso
Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zinokudityaniswa kuthungelwano lwekhompyuter ukuqonda ulwazi lolawulo lwemveliso. Ngokusebenzisa i-interface yonxibelelwano yenkqubo yolawulo lwamanani, ulwazi olufana nemeko yokuqhuba kunye nenkqubela phambili yomatshini wesixhobo somatshini inokudluliselwa kwinkqubo yokulawula imveliso ngexesha langempela, ukuququzelela ukucwangciswa kwemveliso kunye nokujongwa komgangatho ngabaphathi. Kwangaxeshanye, ulawulo kunye nokuhanjiswa kweenkqubo zolawulo lwamanani nako kunokwenziwa ngenethiwekhi, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nenqanaba lolawulo.
IV. Ukuqukumbela
Isishwankathelo, xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zoomatshini ngokubanzi, izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kakuhle komatshini, ukuchaneka komatshini, kunye nenqanaba lokuzenzekelayo. Ukuvela kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ziye zakhuthaza kakhulu inkqubela phambili yoshishino lokucoca ngoomatshini kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso eqinile yokuphuhliswa kwemveliso yanamhlanje. Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yeteknoloji, ukusebenza kwezixhobo zomshini we-CNC kuya kuqhubeka nokuphucula, kwaye uluhlu lwesicelo luya kuqhubeka nokwandisa. Kwishishini lokuvelisa elizayo, izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ziya kuqhubeka zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwaye zibe sesinye sezixhobo eziphambili zokuqonda ukuveliswa okukrelekrele.
Isishwankathelo, xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zoomatshini ngokubanzi, izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kakuhle komatshini, ukuchaneka komatshini, kunye nenqanaba lokuzenzekelayo. Ukuvela kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ziye zakhuthaza kakhulu inkqubela phambili yoshishino lokucoca ngoomatshini kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso eqinile yokuphuhliswa kwemveliso yanamhlanje. Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yeteknoloji, ukusebenza kwezixhobo zomshini we-CNC kuya kuqhubeka nokuphucula, kwaye uluhlu lwesicelo luya kuqhubeka nokwandisa. Kwishishini lokuvelisa elizayo, izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ziya kuqhubeka zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwaye zibe sesinye sezixhobo eziphambili zokuqonda ukuveliswa okukrelekrele.