Uhlahlelo oluBanzi lweendlela zokuSeta iSixhobo kwii-CNC Machining Centres
Ehlabathini lokuchaneka ngokuchanekileyo kumaziko omatshini e-CNC, ukuchaneka kwesixhobo sokumisela kufana nelitye lembombo lesakhiwo, ukugqiba ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka komatshini kunye nomgangatho womsebenzi wokugqibela. Iindlela zokumisela izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kumaziko okugaya kunye nokucofa kunye namaziko omatshini e-CNC abandakanya ngokukodwa ukusetwa kwesixhobo kunye nesixhobo sokuseta ngaphambili, ukusetwa kwesixhobo esizenzekelayo, kunye nokusetwa kwesixhobo ngokusika isilingo. Phakathi kwazo, ukusetwa kwesixhobo ngokusikwa kwesilingo kuye kwamkelwa kancinci ngenxa yemida yayo, ngelixa ukusetwa kwesixhobo esizenzekelayo kunye nokusetwa kwesixhobo esinesixhobo sokuseta kwangaphambili kube yeyona nto iphambili ngenxa yeenzuzo zabo.
I. Indlela yokuSeta iSixhobo esizenzekelayo: Idibaniso egqibeleleyo yokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle
Ukusetwa kwesixhobo esizenzekelayo kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yokukhangela izixhobo eziphambili ezixhotyiswe kwiziko lomatshini le-CNC. Le nkqubo ifana "nenkosi yokulinganisa isixhobo" echanekileyo, ekwazi ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ubude besixhobo ngasinye kwisalathiso sokulungelelanisa ngendlela elungeleleneyo ngexesha lokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kwesixhobo somatshini. Isebenzisa iindlela zobugcisa eziphucukileyo ezifana nezinzwa zelaser ezichaneke kakhulu kunye ne-infrared detectors. Xa isixhobo sisondela kwindawo yokufumanisa, ezi zinzwa ezithintekayo zinokubamba ngokukhawuleza iimpawu ezifihlakeleyo kunye nolwazi lwendawo yesixhobo kwaye lugqithise ngokukhawuleza kwinkqubo yokulawula ehlakaniphile yesixhobo somatshini. Ii-algorithms ezintsonkothileyo nezichanekileyo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwinkqubo yolawulo zisebenza ngoko nangoko, njengengqondi yemathematika egqibezela izibalo ezintsonkothileyo ngephanyazo, ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo ukufumana ixabiso lokutenxa phakathi kwendawo eyiyo kunye nendawo yethiyori yesixhobo. Ngokukhawuleza emva koko, isixhobo somatshini ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye silungelelanisa ngokuchanekileyo imilinganiselo yembuyekezo yesixhobo ngokwezi ziphumo zokubala, okwenza ukuba isixhobo sibekwe ngokuchanekileyo kwindawo efanelekileyo kwinkqubo yokulungelelanisa i-workpiece ngokungathi ikhokelwa ngesandla esingabonakaliyo kodwa esichaneke kakhulu.
Iinzuzo zale ndlela yokuseta isixhobo zibalulekile. Ukuchaneka kwesixhobo sayo kunokubonwa njengomthendeleko wenqanaba le-micron okanye ukuchaneka okuphezulu. Ekubeni kuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ukuphazamiseka kwezinto ezithintekayo ezifana nokungcangcazela kwezandla kunye neempazamo ezibonakalayo ezingenakuphepheka kwinkqubo yokumisela isixhobo sencwadi, impazamo yokumisa isixhobo iyancitshiswa. Umzekelo, kumatshini wezixhobo ezichanekileyo kwibala le-aerospace, ukusetwa kwesixhobo esizenzekelayo kunokuqinisekisa ukuba xa kusetyenzwa iindawo ezintsonkothileyo ezigobileyo ezifana neeblade ze-injini yomoya, impazamo yokumisa ilawulwa kuluhlu oluncinci kakhulu, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweprofayili kunye nomgangatho womphezulu wamagqabi kunye nokwenza ukuba ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwe-injini yomoya.
Kwangaxeshanye, ukusetwa kwesixhobo esizenzekelayo nako kuqhuba ngokugqwesileyo ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kakuhle. Yonke inkqubo yokukhangela kunye nokulungiswa kufana nomatshini ochanekileyo osebenza ngokukhawuleza, ohamba kakuhle kwaye uthatha ixesha elincinci kakhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa noseto lwesixhobo semveli ngokusikwa kwesilingo, ixesha lokuseta isixhobo linokufinyezwa ngamaxesha aliqela okanye namaxesha amaninzi. Kwimveliso yobuninzi yamacandelo anje ngeebhlokhi zenjini yemoto, ukusetwa kwesixhobo esizenzekelayo esisebenzayo kunokunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokuphumla kwesixhobo somatshini kwaye kuphucule kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zeshishini leemoto ukuvelisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokubonelela ngexesha.
Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokumisela isixhobo esizenzekelayo ayifezekanga. Iindleko zayo zezixhobo ziphezulu, njengentaba yokutyala imali eyinkunzi, ithintela amashishini amancinci amaninzi. Ukususela ekuthengeni, ukufakela ukuya kulondolozo lwamva nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo, isixa esikhulu senkxaso-mali siyafuneka. Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo yokumisela isixhobo esizenzekelayo ineemfuno eziphezulu ngokwentelekiso kumgangatho wobugcisa kunye nobuchule bokugcinwa kwabaqhubi. Abanini-zithuthi kufuneka babe nokuqonda okunzulu kwemigaqo yokusebenza yenkqubo, useto lweparameter, kunye neendlela zokusombulula iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo, nto leyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo ibeka umngeni ekulimeni italente kunye nokugcinwa kwamashishini.
II. Ukusetwa kweSixhobo ngeSixhobo sokuSeta kwangaphambili: UKhetho oluPhambili lokuba nguQoqosho kunye nokuSebenza.
Ukusetwa kwesixhobo kunye nesixhobo sokuseta kwangaphambili sithatha indawo ebalulekileyo kwintsimi yokumisela isixhobo kumaziko omatshini e-CNC. Owona mtsalane mkhulu ulele kulungelelwano olugqibeleleyo phakathi koqoqosho kunye nokusebenza. Isixhobo sokuseta isixhobo sinokwahlulwa sibe sisixhobo sokuseta kwangaphambili isixhobo sangaphakathi kumatshini kunye nesixhobo sokuseta ngaphandle kwesixhobo, ngasinye sineempawu zayo kunye nokukhusela ngokudibeneyo ukusetwa kwesixhobo esichanekileyo kwi-CNC machining.
Inkqubo yokusebenza yokuseta isixhobo ngesixhobo sokumisela isixhobo esingaphandle komatshini yodwa. Kwindawo enikezelweyo ngaphandle kwesixhobo somatshini, umqhubi ufaka ngokucokisekileyo isixhobo kwisixhobo sokumisela isixhobo esingaphandle komatshini esiye salinganisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwangaphambili. Isixhobo sokulinganisa esichanekileyo ngaphakathi kwesixhobo sokumisela kwangaphambili isixhobo, njengenkqubo yeprobe echanekileyo, iqala ukusebenzisa "umlingo" wayo. I-probe ichukumisa ngobumnene inxalenye nganye ephambili yesixhobo ngokuchaneka kwe-micron-level, ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo iiparitha eziphambili ezifana nobude, i-radius, kunye ne-microscopic geometric shape of the cut edge of the tool. Le datha yokulinganisa irekhodwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye idluliselwe kwinkqubo yokulawula isixhobo somatshini. Emva koko, isixhobo sifakwe kwimagazini yesixhobo okanye i-spindle yesixhobo somatshini. Inkqubo yokulawula isixhobo somatshini ibeka ngokuchanekileyo ixabiso lembuyekezo yesixhobo ngokwedatha edluliselwe kwisixhobo sokuseta ngaphambili, iqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kwesixhobo ngexesha lomatshini.
Inzuzo yesixhobo sokumisela isixhobo esingaphandle komatshini kukuba inokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo ixesha lomatshini wesixhobo somatshini. Xa isixhobo somatshini sibandakanyeka kumsebenzi onzima wokwenza umatshini, umqhubi unokwenza ngaxeshanye umlinganiselo kunye nokulinganisa kwesixhobo ngaphandle kwesixhobo somatshini, njenge-symphony yokuvelisa i-parallel kunye ne-non-interfering. Le ndlela yokusebenza ehambelanayo iphucula kakhulu izinga lokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo somatshini kwaye inciphisa inkcitho yexesha kwinkqubo yokuvelisa. Ngokomzekelo, kwishishini lokuvelisa ukungunda, ukubumba umngundo kudla ngokufuna enye indlela yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezininzi. Isixhobo sokuseta isixhobo esingaphandle komatshini sinokulinganisa kwaye silungiselele isixhobo esilandelayo kwangaphambili ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba i-mold, okwenza yonke inkqubo yomatshini icuthe kwaye isebenze. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuchaneka kokuchaneka kwesixhobo sokuseta isixhobo esingaphandle komatshini siphezulu, siyakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezichanekileyo zobuninzi bezinto eziqhelekileyo, kwaye isakhiwo sayo sizimeleyo, siququzelela ukugcinwa kunye nokulinganisa, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokugcina izixhobo zamashishini.
Ukuseta isixhobo esinesixhobo sokuseta ngaphambili kumatshini kukubeka ngqo isixhobo kwindawo ethile emiselweyo ngaphakathi kwisixhobo somatshini sokulinganisa. Xa inkqubo yomatshini wesixhobo somatshini ifuna umsebenzi wokumisela isixhobo, i-spindle ithwala isixhobo ngokucokisekileyo kwindawo yokulinganisa yesixhobo sokuseta ngaphambili kumatshini. I-probe yesixhobo sokusetha kwangaphambili idibana kakuhle nesixhobo, kwaye kulo mzuzu woqhagamshelwano olufutshane kunye oluchanekileyo, iiparamitha ezifanelekileyo zesixhobo ziyalinganiswa kwaye ezi datha zixabisekileyo zithunyelwa ngokukhawuleza kwinkqubo yokulawula yesixhobo somatshini. Ukulungelelaniswa kwesixhobo kunye nesixhobo sokuseta ngaphambili kumatshini kuyabonakala. Igwema ukunyakaza kwe-back-and-out yesixhobo phakathi kwesixhobo somatshini kunye nesixhobo sokumisela isixhobo sokuphuma ngaphandle komatshini, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokungqubuzana ngexesha lokulayishwa kwesixhobo kunye nenkqubo yokukhuphela, njengokubonelela "indlela yangaphakathi" ekhuselekileyo kunye nefanelekileyo kwisixhobo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini, ukuba isixhobo sinxiba okanye sinokuphambuka okuncinci, isixhobo sokuseta isixhobo sangaphakathi kumatshini siyakwazi ukubona kwaye silungise isixhobo nangaliphi na ixesha, njengomlindi wokulinda, ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka nokuzinza kwenkqubo yomatshini. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-machining yokugaya echanekileyo yexesha elide, ukuba ubungakanani besixhobo buguquka ngenxa yokuguga, isixhobo sokuseta isixhobo sangaphakathi kumatshini sinokusibhaqa kwaye silungise kwangethuba, siqinisekise ukuchaneka kobungakanani kunye nomgangatho womphezulu womsebenzi.
Nangona kunjalo, ukusetwa kwesixhobo esinesixhobo sokuseta kwangaphambili kunemida ethile. Ingaba i-in-machine okanye i-out-of-machine isixhobo sokumisela kwangaphambili, nangona ukuchaneka komlinganiselo kunokufikelela kwiimfuno ezininzi ze-machining, kusengaphantsi kancinci kwintsimi ye-ultra-high precision machining xa kuthelekiswa ne-top-notch automatic tool setting system. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sokuseta kwangaphambili kufuna izakhono ezithile zokusebenza kunye namava. Abaqhubi kufuneka baqhelane nenkqubo yokusebenza, useto lweparameter, kunye neendlela zokuseta data zesixhobo sokuseta kwangaphambili isixhobo, kungenjalo, ukusebenza ngokungafanelekanga kunokuchaphazela ukuchaneka kolungiselelo lwesixhobo.
Kweyona meko yemveliso yomatshini we-CNC, amashishini kufuneka athathele ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo izinto ezahlukeneyo ukukhetha indlela efanelekileyo yokuseta isixhobo. Kumashishini alandela ukuchaneka okugqithisileyo, abe nomthamo omkhulu wemveliso, kwaye axhaswa ngemali kakuhle, inkqubo yokumisela isixhobo esizenzekelayo inokuba lolona khetho lungcono; kumashishini amaninzi amancinci naphakathi, ukusetwa kwesixhobo ngesixhobo sokuseta kwangaphambili kuba lolona khetho lukhethwayo ngenxa yeempawu zalo zoqoqosho kunye nokusebenza. Kwixesha elizayo, kunye nophuhliso oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-CNC, iindlela zokuseta izixhobo ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kuqhubeka zivela, ziqhubela phambili ngesibindi kwicala lokuba krelekrele ngakumbi, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi, ukufaka umfutho oqhubekayo kuphuhliso olunamandla lweshishini lomatshini le-CNC.