"Ingcaciso ecacileyo yeeNdlela zoMatshini eziqhelekileyo ze-CNC Machine Tools-Boring Machining"
I. Intshayelelo
Kumhlaba wokwenza oomatshini ngezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, umatshini odikayo yeyona ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu yetekhnoloji. Inokwandisa i-diameter yangaphakathi yemingxuma okanye ezinye iicontours ezijikelezayo kunye nezixhobo zokusika kwaye inezicelo ezibanzi ukusuka kwi-semi-rough machining ukugqiba umatshini. Abavelisi besixhobo somatshini we-CNC bazakwazisa ngokweenkcukacha imigaqo, iindlela, iimpawu, kunye nokusetyenziswa komatshini okruqulayo.
Kumhlaba wokwenza oomatshini ngezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, umatshini odikayo yeyona ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu yetekhnoloji. Inokwandisa i-diameter yangaphakathi yemingxuma okanye ezinye iicontours ezijikelezayo kunye nezixhobo zokusika kwaye inezicelo ezibanzi ukusuka kwi-semi-rough machining ukugqiba umatshini. Abavelisi besixhobo somatshini we-CNC bazakwazisa ngokweenkcukacha imigaqo, iindlela, iimpawu, kunye nokusetyenziswa komatshini okruqulayo.
II. Inkcazo kunye noMgaqo woMatshini oBoring
Ukudinwa yinkqubo yokusika apho i-cutter ejikelezayo ejikelezayo isetyenziselwa ukwandisa umngxuma owenziwe ngaphambili kwi-workpiece ukuya kubukhulu obuthile ukufezekisa ukuchaneka okufunekayo kunye noburhabaxa bomhlaba. Isixhobo sokusika esisetyenzisiweyo sihlala sisisikhi esinesithukuthezi esinomphetho omnye, owaziwa ngokuba yibhar ekruqulayo. Ukudinwa kuqhutywa ngokubanzi koomatshini abadikayo, amaziko omatshini, kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini abadityanisiweyo. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukusetyenzwa kwemingxuma eyicylindrical, imingxuma enemisonto, igrooves ngaphakathi kwemingxunya, kunye nobuso bokugqibela kwizinto zokusebenza ezinjengebhokisi, izibiyeli, kunye neziseko zoomatshini. Xa kusetyenziswa izincedisi ezikhethekileyo, imiphezulu yangaphakathi nangaphandle engqukuva, imingxunya enetapered, kunye neminye imingxunya emilise okwemilo ekhethekileyo inokusetyenzwa.
Ukudinwa yinkqubo yokusika apho i-cutter ejikelezayo ejikelezayo isetyenziselwa ukwandisa umngxuma owenziwe ngaphambili kwi-workpiece ukuya kubukhulu obuthile ukufezekisa ukuchaneka okufunekayo kunye noburhabaxa bomhlaba. Isixhobo sokusika esisetyenzisiweyo sihlala sisisikhi esinesithukuthezi esinomphetho omnye, owaziwa ngokuba yibhar ekruqulayo. Ukudinwa kuqhutywa ngokubanzi koomatshini abadikayo, amaziko omatshini, kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini abadityanisiweyo. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukusetyenzwa kwemingxuma eyicylindrical, imingxuma enemisonto, igrooves ngaphakathi kwemingxunya, kunye nobuso bokugqibela kwizinto zokusebenza ezinjengebhokisi, izibiyeli, kunye neziseko zoomatshini. Xa kusetyenziswa izincedisi ezikhethekileyo, imiphezulu yangaphakathi nangaphandle engqukuva, imingxunya enetapered, kunye neminye imingxunya emilise okwemilo ekhethekileyo inokusetyenzwa.
III. Ukuhlelwa koMatshini oBoring
- Rugh uyadika
Ukudika rough yinkqubo yokuqala machining ekruqulayo. Eyona njongo iphambili kukususa uninzi lwesibonelelo kwaye ubeke isiseko se-semi-finish elandelayo ekruqulayo kunye nokugqiba ukukruqula. Ngexesha lokudinwa okurhabaxa, iiparamitha zokusika zinkulu, kodwa iimfuno zokuchaneka kokusebenza ziphantsi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintloko ze-high-speed cutter cutter zisetyenziswa, kwaye isantya sokusika si-20-50 metres / minute. - Isiqingatha sokugqiba iyadika
I-semi-finish boring iqhutywa emva kokukruqulayo ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi ukuchaneka komngxuma kunye nomgangatho womphezulu. Ngeli xesha, iiparameters zokusika zimodareyitha, kwaye iimfuno zokuchaneka kokulungiswa ziphezulu kunezo zibuhlungu. Xa usebenzisa i-high-speed steel cutter head, isantya sokusika sinokunyuswa ngokufanelekileyo. - Gqiba uyadika
Gqiba ukukruqula yinkqubo yokugqibela yomatshini okruqulayo kwaye ifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu. Ngexesha lokugqiba, iiparamitha zokusika zincinci ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokucubungula. Xa usebenzisa intloko ye-carbide cutter, isantya sokusika sinokufikelela ngaphezu kweemitha ezili-150 / ngomzuzu. Ukuchaneka kokuchaneka ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye neemfuno zobunzima bomhlaba, umatshini we-jig boring usetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, kunye nezixhobo zokusika ezenziwe ngezinto ezinobunzima obunjenge-carbide, idayimane, kunye ne-cubic boron nitride zisetyenziswa. Isantya esincinci sokutya (0.02-0.08 mm / rev) kunye nobunzulu bokusika (0.05-0.1 mm) sikhethiwe, kwaye isantya sokusika siphezulu kuneso esiqhelekileyo.
IV. Izixhobo zokuSebenza ngokukruqulayo
- Umsiki odikayo onomphetho omnye
Umsiki odikayo onomphetho omnye sesona sixhobo sisetyenziswa kakhulu kubuchwephesha obukruqulayo. Inesakhiwo esilula kunye nokuguquguquka okunamandla. Izinto ezahlukeneyo kunye neemilo zejometri zingakhethwa ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa. - Eccentric boring cutter
I-eccentric boring cutter ifanelekile ukusetyenzwa kweminye imingxuma enemilo ekhethekileyo, njengemingxuma eccentric. Ilawula ubungakanani bokucubungula ngokulungisa i-eccentricity. - Iblade ejikelezayo
I-blade ejikelezayo inokuphucula ubomi benkonzo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwesixhobo. Iyakwazi ukujikeleza ngokuzenzekelayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokucubungula ukwenza umgca wokusika unxibe ngokulinganayo. - Umqolo okhethekileyo odikayo umsiki
I-back cutter ekruqulayo isetyenziselwa ukulungisa imingxunya edikwe ngasemva. Kwizixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, sihlala sisebenzisa izixhobo ezingezizo ezisemgangathweni kwaye sisebenzisa iinkqubo zomatshini ze-CNC zokukruqula umva.
V. IiMpawu zeNkqubo yokuBoring Machining
- Uluhlu olubanzi lokucubungula
Umatshini odikayo unokuqhuba imingxunya yeemilo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya imingxuma e-cylindrical, imingxuma enemisonto, imijelo engaphakathi kwemingxunya, kunye nobuso bokugqibela. Kwangaxeshanye, imingxunya emilo eyodwa efana nomgangatho wangaphakathi nangaphandle we-spherical kunye ne-tapered imingxuma nayo inokucutshungulwa. - Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokusebenza
Ngokukhetha ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo zokusika, iiparamitha zokusika, kunye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula, ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunokufezekiswa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuchaneka kokuchaneka kwezinto zetsimbi kunokufikelela kwi-IT9-7, kunye nobunzima bomhlaba yiRa2.5-0.16 microns. Ukuchaneka ngokuchanekileyo, ukuchaneka kokucubungula kunokufikelela kwi-IT7-6, kunye nobunzima bomhlaba yiRa0.63-0.08 microns. - Ukuziqhelanisa okunamandla
Umatshini wokudinwa unokuqhutywa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zoomatshini, ezinje ngoomatshini abakruqulayo, amaziko omatshini, kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini abadityanisiweyo. Ngexesha elifanayo, izixhobo zokusika ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula bunokukhethwa ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa. - Umgama omkhulu wokuxhoma kwaye kulula ukwenza ukungcangcazela
Ngenxa yomgama ongaphezulu we-bar ekruqulayo, ukungcangcazela kulula ukwenzeka. Ngoko ke, iiparamitha ezifanelekileyo zokusika kufuneka zikhethwe ngexesha lokucubungula ukunciphisa impembelelo ye-vibration kumgangatho wokucubungula.
VI. Iinkalo zeSicelo soMatshini oBoring
- Ishishini lokwenza oomatshini
Kwishishini lokwenziwa koomatshini, ukwenziwa komatshini okukruqulayo kusetyenziswa kakhulu ekusetyenzweni kwezinto zokusebenza ezifana neebhokisi, izibiyeli, kunye neziseko zoomatshini. Ezi zixhobo zokusebenza zihlala zifuna ukucutshungulwa ngemingxunya yecylindrical echanekileyo, imingxuma enemisonto, kunye nemigodi ngaphakathi kwemingxuma. - Ishishini lokwenziwa kweemoto
Kwishishini lokuvelisa iimoto, amacandelo aphambili afana neebhloko ze-injini kunye neemeko zothumelo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu ngokukruqula. Umgangatho wokucubungula la macandelo uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kweemoto. - Ishishini le-Aerospace
Ishishini le-aerospace lineemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zokuchaneka kokusetyenzwa kunye nomgangatho wamacandelo. I-machining ekruqulayo isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukucubungula amacandelo aphambili anje ngencakuba ze-injini kunye neediski ze-iturbine kwindawo ye-aerospace. - Ishishini lemveliso yokungunda
Kwishishini lokwenziwa kokungunda, imingxuma kunye neentsimbi zokungunda zidla ngokufuna ukusetyenzwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokudinwa. Umgangatho wokucubungula la macandelo achaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubomi benkonzo yokubumba kunye nomgangatho weemveliso.
VII. Izilumkiso zokuSebenza ngoMatshini oBoring
- Ukukhetha isixhobo
Khetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye neemilo zejometri ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa. Ukulungiswa kokuchaneka okuphezulu, izixhobo ezenziwe ngezinto ezilukhuni kufuneka zikhethwe. - Ukukhethwa kweeparamitha zokusika
Ngokufanelekileyo khetha iiparamitha zokusika ukuphepha amandla okusika kunye nokungcangcazela. Ngexesha elibi, iiparamitha zokusika zinokunyuswa ngokufanelekileyo ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle; ngexesha lokugqiba ukudika, iiparamitha zokusika kufuneka zincitshiswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho wokucubungula. - Ufakelo lweworkpiece
Qinisekisa ukuba i-workpiece ifakwe ngokuqinileyo ukuphepha ukufuduka ngexesha lokucubungula. Ukulungiswa kokuchaneka okuphezulu, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokubeka kufuneka zisetyenziswe. - Ukuchaneka kwesixhobo somatshini
Khetha isixhobo somatshini ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuzinza okuhle kumatshini okruqulayo. Gcina kwaye ugcine rhoqo isixhobo somatshini ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokusebenza kwawo. - Inkqubo yokuhlola inkqubo
Ngethuba lenkqubo yokucubungula, jonga ngokusondeleyo imeko yokucubungula kwaye ulungise ngexesha elifanelekileyo iiparamitha zokusika kunye nokugqoka izixhobo. Ukulungiswa kokuchaneka okuphezulu, itekhnoloji yokufumanisa i-intanethi kufuneka isetyenziswe ukujonga ubungakanani bokusebenza kunye nomgangatho womphezulu ngexesha langempela.
VIII. Ukuqukumbela
Njengenye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zoomatshini bezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, umatshini okruqulayo uneempawu ezifana noluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenzwa, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, kunye nokuguquguquka okuqinileyo. Inezicelo ezibanzi kumashishini afana nokuvelisa oomatshini, ukwenziwa kweemoto, i-aerospace, kunye nokuveliswa kokungunda. Xa usenza i-machining ekruqulayo, kuyafuneka ukuba ukhethe ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo zokusika, iiparamitha zokusika, kunye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenza, nikela ingqalelo kufakelo lwesixhobo sokusebenza kunye nokuchaneka kwesixhobo somatshini, kunye nokomeleza inkqubo yokubeka iliso ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji ye-CNC, ukuchaneka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle komatshini okruqulayo kuya kuqhubeka nokuphucula, ukwenza igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso loshishino lokuvelisa.
Njengenye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zoomatshini bezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, umatshini okruqulayo uneempawu ezifana noluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenzwa, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, kunye nokuguquguquka okuqinileyo. Inezicelo ezibanzi kumashishini afana nokuvelisa oomatshini, ukwenziwa kweemoto, i-aerospace, kunye nokuveliswa kokungunda. Xa usenza i-machining ekruqulayo, kuyafuneka ukuba ukhethe ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo zokusika, iiparamitha zokusika, kunye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenza, nikela ingqalelo kufakelo lwesixhobo sokusebenza kunye nokuchaneka kwesixhobo somatshini, kunye nokomeleza inkqubo yokubeka iliso ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji ye-CNC, ukuchaneka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle komatshini okruqulayo kuya kuqhubeka nokuphucula, ukwenza igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso loshishino lokuvelisa.